bls_0345_1923.pdf

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORJAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ) B U RE A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S / * * • • No. 345

W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R S E R I E S

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN

COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING1922

AUGUST, 1923

WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1923

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

CONTENTS.

Page.Introduction and summary...................................................................................... 1-11Explanatidh of scope and method........................................................................... 12,13General tables........................ . .................................................................................. 13-27

Table A.—Earnings and hours, by occupation, sex, and State, 1922........... 14-21Table B.—Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners and weav

ers, by sex and State, 1922............................................................................. 22, 23Table C.—Average and classified actual hours worked in pay period for

spinners and weavers who made as many starts as the mills operated inpay period, by sex and State, 1922............................................................... 23-25

Table D.—Average and classified actual earnings in pay period for spinners and weavers who made as many starts as the mills operated in pay period, by sex and State, 1922................................................................................... 26, 27

HI


BULLETIN OF THEU. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

n o . 34s WASHINGTON a u g u s t , 1923

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING: 1922.

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY.

This bulletin contains data for 62,833 wage earners employed in 97 representative establishments located in 12 States for the year1922. Data were obtained from representative pay rolls for periods varying in the different mills from January to December. Dining the year wages were reduced in certain mills, but later in the year they were raised so that as a whole the figures are fairly comparable.

Summaries are shown for each year from 1907 to 1922, except 1915, 1917, 1919, and 1921, for which years no figures were obtained.

Previous reports of this bureau 1 have presented wages and hours of labor in the industry from 1890 to 1918 for both manufacturing and finishing. Since 1918 data for finishing have not been collected.

Table 1 shows a summary of available data for the principal occupations in the years 1907 to 1922, inclusive, covering earnings per hour and full-time and classified hours, and full-time earnings per week.

By reference to “ drawing-frame tenders, male” in this table it will be seen that the average earnings per hour were 10 cents in 1907, and that wages did not change materially until in 1918 when the average reached 19.9 cents. The peak, 42.7 cents per hour, was reached m1920. From 1920 to 1922 the level receded to 27 cents per hour. The classified hours for the same occupation show a considerable number of employees working 60 hours or more per week from 1907 to 1918, inclusive. In 1920 to 1922, the large group of male drawing- frame tenders are found in the column “ Over 54 and under 57” hours. The hours for female drawing-frame tenders in the years 1920 to 1922 show a more marked decrease as compared with earlier years, the largest group falling in the 48-hour classification.

Other items in the table and other occupations may be studied in a like manner. i

i N ineteenth Annual R eport; Bulletin N o. 59, July 1905; B ulletin N o. 65, July, 1906; B ulletin N o. 71, July, 1907; Bulletin N o. 77, July, 1908; B ulletin N o. 128, August 1913; B ulletin N o. 150, M ay, 1914; B ulletin N o. 190, M ay, 1916; B ulletin N o. 239, A pril, 1918; B ulletin N o. 262, N ovem ber 1919; and B ulletin N o. 288, Septem ber, 1921.

1


2 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— COTTON GOODS.


INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. 3TABUS 1 .—SUM M ARY O F E AR N IN G S AN D H O U RS IN TH E U N ITE D STA TE S, B Y

OCCUPATION A N D S E X , IN SPE C IFIE D Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1922—Continued.

Occupation, sex, and year.

Numbero f

establish

m ents.

Numberof

employees.

Averagefun-tim ehoursper

week.

Average

earningsper

hour.

AveragefuU-tim eearningsper

week.

Num ber of em ployees whose full-tim e hours per week were—

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder80.

60 Over60.

Spinners, m ule:Male.................... 1907.. 11 • 199 58.6 $0,234 $13.71 138 61

1908.. 11 193 58.4 .225 13.14 158 351909.. 11 156 58.5 .221 12.93 118 381910.. 14 222 57.0 .219 12.50 117 96 91911.. 16 288 56.8 .255 14.44 179 100 91912.. 16 266 55.7 .279 15.48 118 64 841913.. 16 258 55.6 .281 15.58 122 60 761914.. 14 245 54.9 .291 15.95 165 37 431916.. 17 334 54.7 .345 18.85 66 229 391918.. 17 303 54.3 .487 26.40 228 751920.. 14 253 48.9 .826 40.39 216 371922.. 11 220 50.0 .638 31.90 150 46 24

Spinners, fram e:M ale....................1907.. 25 184 59.4 .124 7.37 122 22 40

1908.. 25 214 58.8 .119 7.00 136 74 41909.. 25 188 58.9 .117 6.89 jl35 41 121910.. 36 261 57.2 .120 6.83 ! 160 53 44 41911.. 46 700 57.2 .126 7.18 402 228 52 181912.. 49 564 56.7 .144 8.14 237 269 45 131913.. 49 530 56.9 .143 8.07 204 17 186 118 51914.. 38 483 54.7 .150 8.19 14 212 164 18 751916.. 41 489 56.6 .164 9.21 232 52 16 1891918.. 53 383 54.3 .248 13.48 55 222 10 961920.. 34 345 50.7 .475 24.08 41 165 18 106 151922.. 49 547 53.4 .292 13.59 61 71 9 60 275 71

Female................1907.. 36 2,317 61.0 .110 6.71 1,000 305 1,0121908.. 36 2,114 59.9 .107 6.41 896 923 2951909.. 36 2,408 59.8 .106 6.34 1,107 951 3501910.. 59 3,704 59.0 .108 6.33 1,313 621 1,087 6831911.. 88 5,981 59.1 .111 6.51 1,590 1,639 1,811 9411912.. 88 6,?64 58.0 .124 6.98 1,688 192 1,667 2,600 2171913.. 90 6,762 57.8 .128 7.33 1,925 193 1,742 2,778 1241914.. 90 6,906 56.9 .132 7.45 23 2,259 1,385 349 2,874 161916.. 104 7,706 57.2 .149 8.24 14 2,269 1,385 544 3,465 291918.. 105 7,752 56.1 .233 12.89 416 4,181 162 3 2,950 401920.. 95 6,330 51.8 .427 22.12 363 2,640 64 510 2,221 528 41922.. 96 6,634 52.6 .301 15.83 176 1,991 151 1,036 3,069 211

D offers:Male.................... 1916.. 99 3,206 57.9 .139 8.15 37 9 620 429 129 1,964 18

1918.. 102 2,857 56.1 .231 12.87 333 976 47 1 1,470 301920.. 89 2,717 53.1 .453 24.05 207 690 97 1,383 336 41922.. 91 2,716 53.5 .302 16.16 104 524 51 169 1,724 144

Fem ale.............1 9 1 6 .. 19 537 55.0 .162 8.92 38 2 171 147 1791918.. 26 703 52.6 .255 13.46 109 589 51920.. 21 543 49.8 .389 19.37 72 265 3 195 81922.. 28 460 50.9 .324 16.49 20 197 16 219 8

Spooler tenders:Fem ale............... 1916.. 104 3,662 57.2 .137 7.73 15 1 1,085 569 270 1,714 8

1918.. 105 3,759 56.2 .207 11.46 152 33 1,841 125 1 1,598 9.1920..i 95 3,010 52.2 .386 20.15 94 1,211 11 211 1,249 2341922.. 95 3,091 52.7 .264 13.91 84 861 113 309 1,617 107

Creelers or tiers-in:M ale....................1920.. 9 27 54.8 .393 21.54 1 26

1922.. 13 30 55.6 .304 16.90 27 3

Fem ale............... 1920.. 62 428 52.6 .347 18.25 8 167 21 190 421922.. 74 417 52.6 .244 12.83 2 146 5 38 206 20

W arper tenders:Male.................... 1916.. 25 75 59.4 .176 10.41 7 68

1918.. 30 82 59.6 .243 14.48 5 771920.. 27 85 55.8 .525 29.30 1 2 67 151922.. 35 101 55.9 .353 19.73 1 1 3 74 22

Fem ale............... 1916.. 78 562 56.0 .182 10.15 237 143 57 123 21918.. 82 595 55.4 .259 14.20 1 6 428 26 1 131 21920.. 77 506 50.9 .460 23.41 3 301 8 49 117 281922.. 77 502 51.8 .348 18.03 30 75 170 13


4 WAGES AND HOTJBS OF LABOR— COTTON GOODS.

Table 1 .—SU M M ARY O F E AR N IN G S A N D H O U RS IN T H E U N IT E D STATE S, B Y OCCUPATION A N D S E X , IN SPE C IFIE D Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1922-C ontinued.

O ccupation, sex, and year.

Num bero f

establish

m ents.

Numberof

employees.

AveragefuU-tim ehoursper

week.

Average

earningsper

hour.

Averagefulltim eearningsper

week.

Num ber o f em ployees whose fun-tim e hours per week were—

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

Bearner tenders:Male ............... 1916.. 22 328 56.0 $0,271 $15.01 208 11 109

1916.. 24 280 56.3 .404 22.63 167 9 103 11920.. 21 246 50.9 .711 36.19 1 146 3 961922.. 26 313 50.9 .538 27.38 185 5 123

FfttYlftlA,. . . . . . . ,1916. _ 5 91 54.8 .224 12.28 32 56 31918.. 7 113 54.1 .315 17.06 111 21920.. 5 100 48.3 .578 27.92 84 161922.. 5 85 51.5 .377 19.42 23 18 43 > 1

Slasher tenders:*1*1*.................... 1907.. 35 159 60.3 .183 11.03 77 29 53

1908.. 35 158 59.6 .183 10.91 75 69 141909.. 35 167 59.4 .180 10.69 82 73 121910.. 57 276 58.4 .178 10.33 116 53 72 351911.. 85 455 58.5 .194 11.26 149 144 106 561912.. 85 449 57.4 .216 12.34 140 17 153 133 61913.. 87 485 57.5 .212 12.09 144 15 154 167 51914.. 87 528 56.8 .211 11.81 2 174 118 29 204 11916.. 96 581 56.8 .241 13.48 196 123 46 215 .11918.. 99 608 • 56.5 .340 18.73 349 16 239 41920.. 89 504 52.1 .579 30.17 226 5 31 213 291922.. 92 547 52.7 .426 22.45 177 25 70 246 6 22 1

Drawers-in:F em ale............ .1916.. 86 926 56.0 .191 10.47 2 399 227 67 228 3

1918.. 91 834 55.3 .273 15.00 12 8 579 41 191 31920.. 80 632 50.7 .485 24.59 8 382 8 60 148 261922.. 77 664 51.8 .352 18.23 3 281 50 85 226 19

W arp - tying m achinetenders:

M ale.................... 1920.. 72 154 52.6 .590 31.03 55 6 13 70 101922.. 79 191 52.9 .425 22.48 58 6 27 90 10

Loom fixers:Male.....................1907.. 36 631 60.8 .207 12.59 277 105 249

1908.. 36 619 59.7 .202 12.06 278 270 711909.. 36 680 59.8 .197 11.78 304 286 901910.. 59 1,267 58.7 .200 11.64 528 232 293 2141911.. 88 2,200 58.6 .203 11.80 729 659 543 2691912.. 88 2,290 57.7 .224 12.84 566 191 701 779 531913.. 90 2,370 57.6 .227 12.96 643 178 692 817 401914.. 90 2,491 56.8 .233 13.09 833 591 151 889 271916.. 102 2,776 56.8 .270 15.17 904 639 208 972 531918.. 103 2,709 56.4 .391 21.79 1,613 89 1 910 961920.. 93 2,366 52.2 .685 35.76 1,078 15 188 867 193 251922.. 95 2,456 52.9 .500 26.45 7 795 93 328 1,039 9 157 28

W eavers:Male.....................1907.. 36 2,769 60.3 .161 9.71 1,397 502 870

1908.. 36 2,848 59.6 .160 9.54 1,424 1,006 4181909.. 36 3,123 59.8 .151 9.03 1,497 1,156 4701910.. 58 5,334 58.8 .151 8.83 2,190 703 1,440 1 0011911.. 88 8,855 58.6 .156 9.08 3,129 2,366 2,195 1,1651912.. 88 9,775 57.5 .169 9.67 2,937 766 2,322 3,614 1361913.. 89 9,485 57.6 .170 9.73 2,708 607 2,200 3,889 811914.. 89 9,755 56.8 .176 9.93 9 3,363 1,965 436 3,974 81916.. 100 10,279 56.7 .205 11,54 19 3 3,677 1,944 674 3,959 31918.. 103 8,301 56.2 .301 16.78 57 4,794 358 22 3,064 61920.. 93 6,077 51.8 .573 29.68 22 2,885 11 ^401 2,487 2711922.. 95 7,410 52.6 .389 20.44 40 2,606 140 727 3,546 351

Fem ale........ .......1907.. 36 3,724 59.5 .151 8.98 2,267 809 6481908.. 36 3,903 59.0 .152 8.97 2.473 1,197 2331909.. 36 3,930 59.1 .144 8.51 2'363 1,345 2221910.. 59 6,334 57.8 .147 8.47 3,210 1,676 849 5991911.. 88 10,792 57.9 .148 8.54 4,216 4,442 1,422 7121912.. 88 10,998 56.9 .163 9.26 3,890 626 4,464 1,908 1101913.. 89 11,236 56.7 .164 9.30 4,340 571 4,355 1,874 961914.. 89 11,188 55.8 .167 9.30 12 4,780 3,286 736 2,337 371916.. 101 11,546 55.7 .201 11.12 25 4 5,103 3,416 793 2,182 231918.. 103 10,993 55.4 .285 15.62 112 7,980 370 2,486 451920.. 92 7,681 50.3 .528 26.56 89 5,042 62 744 1,454 2901922.. 95 7,644 51.6 .380 19.59 41 3,535 228 1,648 1,998 194


INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. 5

Table 1 .—SUM M ARY OP E ARN IN G S AN D H OU RS IN TH E U N ITE D STA TE S, B Y OCCUPATION AN D S E X , IN SPEC IFIED Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1922-Concluded.


Numberof

establish

m ents.

Numberofem

ployees.

Averagefulltim ehoursper

week.

Average

earningsper

hour.

Averagefulltim eearningsper

week.

Num ber of em ployees whose full-tim e hours per week were—

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

Trimmer? or inspectors:Male.................... 1920.. 22 76 53.4 $0,426 $22.75 19 1 56

1922.. 28 78 54.3 .251 13.63 9 6 63

Fem ale...............1907.. 30 251 60.4 .102 6.16 102 70 791908.. 30 261 60.0 .101 6.06 103 120 381909.. 30 285 59.6 .099 5.90 115 147 231910.. 46 408 58.3 .099 5.78 161 100 109 381911.. 75 712 58.7 .103 6.02 226 202 205 791912.. 77 708 57.7 .112 6.41 204 22 194 271 171913.. 77 687 57.9 .111 6.39 185 31 176 270 251914.. 74 720 57.2 .113 6.41 239 77 101 3031916.. 83 971 56.7 .129 7.25 16 316 165 169 295 101918. 87 1,175 55.6 .186 10.29 31 748 42 348 61920.. 76 1,045 51.6 .333 17.18 28 473 10 164 312 581922.. 78 1,056 52.5 .246 12.92 15 355 12 215 429 30

Other em ployees:Male.................... 1914.. 88 29,861 57.5 .151 8.59 186 7,852 7,084 1,496 12,334 909

1916.. 105 27,395 57.7 .176 10.05 220 25 6,801 6,133 1,973 11,250 9931918.. 106 25,740 56.8 .270 15.18 1,126 4 3 13,195 719 116 9,428 1,1491920.. 96 13,336 52.6 .419 22.04 789 4,350 156 1,082 5,588 9 1,362 1001922.. 97 14,991 53.9 .289 15.58 464 3,606 360 1,856 7,224 36 936 509

Fem ale............... 1914.. 88 12,143 56.3 .123 6.89 129 4,554 2,897 802 3,722 391916.. 101 5,913 55.7 .140 7.82 152 5 2,317 1,753 303 1,355 281918.. 102 6,350 54.4 .224 12.06 665 14 19 4,177 151 1,315 91920.. 94 4,685' 51.1 .322 16.45 585 1,984 37 251 1,317 5111922.. 96 4,421' 51.8 .244 12.64 279 1,435 204 701 1,620 182

In Table 2 the average earnings per hour and a classification of employees in percentage form, by hourly rates, is shown for all available years from 1907 to 1922 for three of the most important occupations as examples of the spread of individual earnings. The classification in the earlier bulletins stopped at “ 25 cents and over,” which makes it impossible to show, as desired, the higher spread for mule spinners.

51997°—23----- 2


WA

GE

S AN

D H

OU

RS O

F LABO

R—

CO

TTON

GOODS.


1918..1920..

10393

8,3016,077

.301

.5730 ) 0) i

c l2

(i)3 4

(1)21922.. 95 7,410 .389 C1) (!) M «36 3,724 .151 7 14 17 19 22 14

1908.. 36 3,903 .152 5 15 20 20 20 121909.. 36 3,930 .144 6 18 22 26 18 61910.. 59 6,334 .147 6 19 22 25 15 81911.. 88 10,792 .148 5 16 22 23 18 101912.. 88 10,998 .163 3 10 15 19 20 161913.. 89 11,236 .164 3 10 15 18 20 161914.. 89 11,188 .167 3 10 13 17 20 161916.. 101 11,546 .201 5 7 10 11 151918.. 103 10,993 .285 1 2 3 4 51920.. 92 7,681 .528 0) C) C1) C1) C1)1922.. 95 7,644 .380 0 ) b) w 1 1 2

1 Less than 1 per cent.2 Classified in form er bulletins as “ 25 cents and over.”8 Classified in form er bulletins as “ 40 cents and over.”4 Classified in form er bulletins as “ 60 cents and over.”8 Less than 1 per cent and classified in form er bulletins as “ 40 cents and over.” 8 Less than 1 per cent and classified in form er bulletins as “ 60 cents and over.”

INTR

OD

UC

TION

AN

D SU

MM

AR

Y.



Index numbers have been computed for full-time hours per week, full-time earnings per week, and earnings per hour for all occupations for which data are available for the industry, 1907 to 1922, inclusive. These index numbers are based on the averages shown in Table 1 and are percentages in which the figures for 1913 are used as the base or 100 per cent; that is, the index number for each year is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for 1913. The figures for 1913 are used in order to bring into direct comparison the earlier and later years with the year immediately preceding the beginning of the World War. Table 3 shows, for example, that relatively the full-time weekly earnings of female drawing-frame tenders in 1910 were 20 per cent lower than for 1913. In 1918, they were 75 per cent higher; in 1920, 188 per cent higher; while in 1922 they were 119 per cent higher than in 1913. In the same manner, the trend of other occupations may be studied.

The summary for the industry as a whole at the end of the table has been carried back only to 1910. It shows the full-time weekly earnings for the industry to be 192 per cent higher in 1920 than in 1913; that is, nearly three times as high, and 105 per cent higher in 1922 than in 1913, which indicates a drop of approximately 30 per cent from 1920 to 1922, but still leaving the weekly earnings more than twice as high as in 1913. Average earnings per hour m 1920 were 3J times the earnings in 1913, while in 1922 tney were still 23- times the earnings of 1913. The decrease in hourly earnings between 1920 and 1922 was 31 per cent.T ables 3 .—IN D E X NUM BERS OF FU LL-TIM E H OURS P E R W E E K , EARN IN G S P E R H O U R ,

AN D FU LL-TIM E EARN IN G S P E R W E E K , B Y OCCUPATION A N D S E X , IN SPEC IFIED Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1922.


Index num bers of—



Funtim ehours

perweek.

Earningsper

hour.

Fun-tim eearningsper

week.

Funtim ehours

perw eek.

Earningsper

hour.

Funtim eearningsper

week.

Drawing-fram e tenders: Speeder tenders:M ale.........................1907.. 104 92 96 M ale........................ 1907.. 107 80 85

1908.. 103 90 93 1908.. 102 85 861909.. 103 91 94 1909.. 102 89 901910.. 103 88 90 1910.. 103 90 921911.. 103 89 91 1911.. 102 93 941912.. 100 99 99 1912.. 100 98 971913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 100 106 106 1914.. 99 106 1041916.. 101 116 116 1916.. 98 120 1161918.. 99 183 180 1918.. 97 183 1751920.. 93 392 366 1920.. 91 368 3311922.. 93 248 230 1922.. 90 247 222

Fem ale....................1907.. 106 81 86 Fem ale....................1907.. 105 91 961908.. 105 81 85 1908.. 105 90 951909.. 105 79 83 1909.. 105 88 931910.. 103 78 80 1910..* 102 87 891911.. 102 83 84 1911.. 102 89 911912.. 101 96 96 1912.. 100 97 981913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 98 103 100 1914.. 99 101 1011916.. 98 118 116 1916.. 98 123 1211918.. 97 182 175 1918.. 97 181 1751920.. 89 323 288 1920.. 89 318 2831922.. 91 240 219 1922.. 90 241 219


INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY, 9

Table 3 .—IN D E X NUM BERS OP FU LL-TIM E H OURS P E R W E E K , EARN IN G S P E R H OU R, AND FU LL-TIM E EARN INGS PE R W E E K , B Y OCCUPATION AN D S E X , IN SPECIFIED Y E A R S, 1907 TO 1922—Concluded.

O ccupation, sex, and year.

Index numbers of—



Fulltim ehours

perweek.

Earningsper

hour.

Fulltim eearningsper

week.

Fulltim ehours

perweek.

Earningsper

hour.

Fulltim eearningsper

week.

Spinners, m ule: Loom fixers:M ale.........................1907.. 105 83 88 M a le .....................1907.. 106 91 97

1908.. 105 80 84 1908.. 104 89 931909.. 105 79 83 1909.. 104 87 911910.. 103 78 80 1910.. 102 88 901911.. 102 91 93 1911.. 102 89 911912.. 100 99 99 1912.. 100 99 991913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 99 104 102 1914.. 99 103 1011916.. 98 123 121 1916.. 99 119 1171918.. 98 173 169 1918.. 98 172 1681920.. 88 294 259 1920.. 91 302 2761922.. 90 227 205 1922.. 92 220 204

Spinners, fram e: W eavers:M ale.........................1907.. 104 87 91 M ale........................ 1907.. 105 95 100

1908.. 103 83 87 1908.. 103 94 981909.. 104 82 85 1909.. 104 89 931910.. 101 84 85 1910.. 102 89 911911.. 101 88 89 1911.. 102 92 931912.. 100 101 101 1912.. 100 99 991913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 96 105 101 1914.. 99 104 1021916.. 99 115 114 1916.. 98 121 1191918.. 95 173 167 1918.. 98 177 1721920.. 89 332 298 1920.. 90 337 3051922.. 94 204 193 1922.. 91 229 210

Fem ale.................... 1907.. 106 86 92 Fem ale.................... 1907.. 105 92 971908.. 104 84 87 1908.. 104 93 961909.. 103 83 86 1909.. 104 88 921910.. 102 84 86 1910.. 102 90 911911.. 102 87 89 1911.. 102 90 921912.. 100 97 95 1912.. 100 99 1001913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 98 103 102 1914.. 98 102 1001916.. 99 116 112 1916.. 98 123 1201918.. 97 182 176 1918.. 98 174 1681920.. 90 334 302 1920.. 89 322 2861922.. 91 235 216 1922.. 91 232 211

Slasher tenders: Trimmers or inspectors:M ale.........................1907.. 105 86 91 Female....................1907.. 104 92 96

1908.. 104 86 90 1908.. 104 91 951909.. 103 85 88 1909.. 103 89 921910.. 102 84 85 1910.. 101 89 901911.. 102 92 93 1911.. 101 93 941912.. 100 102 102 1912.. 100 101 1001913.. 100 100 100 1913.. 100 100 1001914.. 99 100 98 1914.. 99 102 1001916.. 99 114 111 1916.. 98 116 1131918.. 98 160 155 1918.. 96 168 1611920.. 91 273 250 1920.. 89 300 2691922.. 92 201 186 1922.. 91 222 202

T H E IN D U S T R Y .

1910.............................................. 102 88 90 1916.............................................. 99 1201911.............................................. 102 90 92 1918.............................................. 97 1791912.............................................. 100 99 99 1920.............................................. 90 3241913.............................................. 100 100 100 1922.............................................. 91 2221914.............................................. 98 103 101

In the New England mills there was a general reduction of wages of about 22\ per cent in December, 1920. There were further reductions late in 1921 or early in 1922 of about 20 per cent. Late in 1922 this cut was restored by an increase of 25 per cent in many of


1 0 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— COTTON GOODS.

the mills. Thus at the close of 1922 the wage level in New England was as a whole about the same as at the beginning of the year.

One establishment in Connecticut reported an increase of hours from 48 to 54 per week in February, 1922.

The New York and Pennsylvania mills showed about 25 per cent reduction for the 5 mills reported as compared with 1920.

In the Southern States the 58 mills reported showed reductions in wages ranging from 23£ per cent to 50 per cent, with an average for all mills of about 38 per cent, as compared with the high point in 1920.

Not much overtime was worked during the period canvassed and only a few mills paid more than regular rates for overtime.

About 40 per cent of the mills in the South paid bonuses of various kinds for production or attendance, each mill having its own system. No bonuses were reported in New England. New York and Pennsylvania had a few mills paying production or attendance bonuses.

The next table (4) shows the average and classified days the establishments canvassed were in operation and the number oi days idle, by specified causes, for the year ended December 31, 1921. It will be observed that of the 96 establishments reporting 35 were in operation more than 300 days, 35 were in operation 285 days and under 300, and 11 were in operation 270 and under 285 days. In other words 81 establishments or more than 84 per cent of the total were in operation more than 10 months during the year.

The most important cause of idleness was slack work, with holidays and vacation coming next. Under other causes, the average of 5.7 days was caused mainly by interruption of power and by strike. Certain mills in North Carolina and in South Carolina had strikes which were the chief cause of idleness reported in this column.T A B L E 4.—A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED N U M BER O F D A YS M ILLS W E R E IN O PE R A

T IO N , AN D A V E R A G E N U M BER OF W E E K D A Y S ID L E W IT H CAUSE OF ID L E N E SS, B Y S T A T E , FO R Y E A R EN D IN G D ECEM BER 31, 1921.

State.

Numberof

establish

m erits.

Numberof

daysinoperationduring

year.

Under225

days

Num ber of establishm ents in operation—

225andunder240

days

240andunder255days

255andunder270days

270andunder285

days

285andunder300

days

300daysand

Average num ber of week days id le during year cm account of—

H olidaysandvacatio n .

Slackbusi-

In-ven-tory.

R epairs.

Other

Alabam a.............C onnecticut........G eorgia................M aine..................M assachusetts... N ew H am pshireN ew Y ork ..........N orth C arolina.. P en n sy lvan ia ... R hode Isla n d .. . South C arolina.. V irginia...............

T otal.........

64 95

1452

21144

19

292.5285.5292.1 291.8284.5295.2297.0271.4268.5299.3289.0297.0

6.3 6.84.47.2 9.9

16.06.5

11.06.86.3 5.7

12.0

14.216.811.914.016.4

0.74.02.0 1.9

.16.0

10.537.8 7.5

11.8 4.0

1.81.82.5.9

.4

1.019.2

.3

196 285.3 11 35 35 8.3 12.6 .1 1.0

6.2

5.7

1 N ot including 1 establishm ent for which data were not reported.

Table 5 illustrates the number of starts made both by the establishments and by the employees during the pay period studied. By


INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. 11

starts is meant the number of calendar days on which the mill operated or the employees worked. This study determines the opportunity afforded for work and the regularity on the part of the employees. These data have been tabulated for selected occupations only, but these groups may be accepted as representative of all employees.

There are two sections of the table. The first relates to a one-week pay period, the second to a two-week pay period. A two-week pay period was taken for all weavers because of more or less unfinished work carried over from week to week.

It will be seen by reference to this table that the mills wherein certain occupations were carried for one week made an average of 5.6 to 6.0 starts, while the average for the spinners ranged from 4.7 to 5.8 for the one-week pay period. In the case of the two-week pay period, the average for the mills was 11.8 starts and for the weavers from 10.2 to 10.6 starts in the two-week period.Table 5 .—A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED N U M B ER OF D A Y S F O R P A Y P E R IO D ON

W H ICH M ILLS O P E R A T E D , A N D ON W H ICH SPIN N E RS A N D W E A V E R S S T A R T E D TO W O R K .

ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD.

Occupation and sex.Number of estab

lish

Average starts for establish

ments, weighted

b y number of em

ployees.

Number o f establishments in which starts (days worked) in period were—

ments.1 2 3 4 5 6

Spinners, mule, male.................. 10 6.0 10Spinners, frame, m ale................. 46 5.6 10 36Spinners, frame, female.............. 88 5.9 1 4 83

Occupation and sex.Number o f em

Average starts

(days) per employee.

Number o f employees whose starts (days worked) in period were—

ployees.1 2 3 4 5 6

Spinners, mule, male.................. 210 5.8 1 2 3 5 10 189Spinners, frame, m ale................. 517 4.7 33 25 36 71 170 182Spinners, frame, female__"....... 6,377 5.1 164 194 366 745 1,373 3,535

TWO-WEEK PAY PERIOD.

Occupation and sex.

Number of estab

lishments.

Average start for

establishments,

weighted b y number

of employees.

Number of establishments in which starts (days worked) in period were—

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Weavers, m ale____Weavers, female—

9595

11.811.8

22

62

22

8589

Occupation and sex.

Number o f em

ployees.

Averagestarts

Number o f employees whose starts (days worked) in period were—

(days) per employee. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Weavers, m ale___Weavers, fem ale ..

7,4107,644

10.210.6

7754

8667

9772

118102

194146

460536

142115

310192

396270

749376

769579

4,0125,135



EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.This report includes data from establishments which make woven

cotton goods having a wide range of weight and quality but not including narrow goods and novelties. Mills making mixed cotton and silk goods are not included. All data were obtained from the pay rolls and records of the various establishments by agents of the bureau.

The number of establishments included or summarized in the reports has varied since 1907, as follows:

1907 to 1909........................................................................ 36 establishments.1910 ..................................................................................... 59 establishments.1911 ..................................................................................... 88 establishments.1912 ..................................................................................... 88 establishments.1913 ..................................................................................... 90 establishments.1914 ..................................................................................... 90 establishments.1916...................................................................................... 105 establishments.1918...................................................................................... 106 establishments.1920........................................................................................ 96 establishments.1922........................................................................................ 97 establishments.

In the selection of establishments from which to obtain data, all States in which cotton manufacturing is of material importance nave been represented, the measure of importance being the number of wage earners as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures.

Table 6 shows by States the number of employees in the industry as reported by the United States Census, 1919, the number of establishments from which the bureau obtained data for 1922, and the number of employees in such establishments.Table 6 ^ -T O T A L N U M B ER OP E M PLO YEES IN COTTON-GOODS M AN U FACTU RIN G IN

U N ITE D STATES A N D N U M BER OF E M PLOYEES F O R W H ICH D A T A A R E SHOW N FO R 1922.

State.

Number of employees reported

b y United

Establishments and employees for which

data are shown for 1922 in this report.

StatesCensus,

1919.Number of

establishments.

Numberof

employees.

Alabama............................ 18,10215,64738,283

6 4,8242,1805,8913,117

16,3915,7511,9587,3711,2582,3079,1882,597

Connecticut....................... 4Georgia................................ 9Maine.................................. 11,763

122,4995

Massachusetts................... 14New Hampshire............... 21,183

9,2205

New York.......................... 2North Carolina................. 67,297

9,76731,40548,0796,518

31,203

21Pennsylvania.................... 5Rhode Island.................... 4South Carolina.................. 19Virginia.............................. 3Other States......................

Total........................ 430,966 97 62,833

According to the census of 1919, more than 92 per cent of the total number of employees in the industry are found in the States in which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are located. The number of employees for which the bureau obtained 1922 data and for which detailed information for 1922 is presented is more than 15 per cent of the total in the industry as shown by the 1919 census.


GENERAL TABLES. 13Full-time hours per week are the regular hours during which, under

normal conditions, employees are on duty. Such hours do not in any way indicate the extent of unemployment. Employees may work overtime, or broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may be made in working hours without affecting the full-time hours as here presented.

The rates o f wages or earnings per hour as shown include the wages of time workers and the earnings of pieceworkers and are obtained by dividing the total earnings by the total number of hours worked.

In cases where no record of the actual time worked was regularly kept, the establishments, at the request of the bureau, kept a record for the pay-roll period selected. The full-time earnings per week are the earnings of employees working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to equivalent earnings for a full week.

Figures relating to wages and hours are shown separately for 19 of the more important occupations, and all employees not included under any of the selected occupations are combined and shown under “ Other employees.77 The occupations are arranged in the tables approximately in the order of manufacture, as follows:

Picker tenders.Card tenders and strippers. Card grinders. Drawing-frame tenders. Slubber tenders.Speeder tenders.Spinners, mule.Spinners, frame.Doffers.Spooler tenders.

Creelers or tiers-in.Warper tenders.Beamer tenders.Slasher tenders.Drawers-in.W arp-tying machine tenders. Loom fixers.Weavers.Trimmers or inspectors.Other employees.

Of the 19 occupations tabulated, data are shown for males only in 7; for females only in 2; and for both males and females in 10 occupations.

GENERAL TABLES.In addition to the text tables already shown, four general tables of

1922 data only are presented as follows:Table A.—Earnings and hours, by occupation, sex, and State, 1922. All occupations except weavers are shown on the basis of a weekly pay roll. Data for all weavers were obtained for a two- week period and are so tabulated.Table B.—Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners and weavers, by sex and State, 1922. These two major occupations illustrate the spread of individual earnings.Table C.—Average and classified actual hours worked in pay period for spinners and weavers who made as many starts as the mills operated in pay period, by sex and State, 1922. This table presents the average full-time hours of all employees in these selected major occupations in comparison with the average hours actually worked by the employees who worked as many starts (days) as the mills operated. Further, the table presents in classified form the hours actually worked by the spinners and weavers who worked as many starts as the mills were in operation. Although an employee may have worked on as many different days as the mill was in operation, he or she may not have worked the full mill hours each day, or even on any day. To illustrate, the table shows one female frame spinner


14 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— COTTON GOODS,

in North Carolina working 16 and under 20 hours in the week. This girl worked, on each of the 6 days but all told made but 17 hours in the mill where the full-time made by many of the spinners was 55 hours. Such employees as did not make as many starts as did the mills in which they worked are omitted from the classification.

Table D.—Average and classified actual earnings in pay period for spinners and weavers who made as many starts as the mills operated in pay period, by sex and State, 1922.

T able A .— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S , B Y O C CU PAT IO N , S E X , A N DSTATE, 1922.


State.

Num Num AverAver

ageAver

ageber ber age full earnof of earn time ings

estab em ings earn relish ploy per ings ceived

ments. ees. hour. per in oneweek. week.

Average

fulltime

hoursper

week.

Average

hourswork

edin one week.

Percent

offulltimework

ed.

Number of employees whose fulltime hours per week were—

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

P IC K E R T E N D E R S : M ale.

A la ........Conn—G a.........Me.........Mass__N . H ___N. Y -----N . C____Pa.........R . I .................S . C.................Va........

Total...

64 95

1352

2153

193

65156949

16011019 89 1820

12241

$0 .

95 .305

$11.41 19.59 11.86 19.22 19.58 20.30 17.10 14. 77 17. 57 18.77 10. 95 15.12

$9.91 19.56 12.03 18. 43 19.1019.63 15. 74 13.4716.64 18.529.33

14.13

16.20 15.15

56.253.155.754.048.053.750.055.352.348.055.055.2

48.7 52.9 56.551.746.8 51. 46.050.449.547.4 46.751.5

53.1 49.7

86.799.6

101.895.797.596.692.091.194.698.7 84.9 93.3

93.6

1. . . . 4

249

. . . . 16027 71

413

. . . .i

206 11

. . . . 198 34 137

471157

.... 17

10

122

88 .... 1

12241

380 .... 28

C A R D T E N D E R S A N D S T R IP P E R S : M ale.

A la ... Conn.. G a .... M e .... Mass.. N. H .. N. Y .. N. C .. P a .. . .R . I...S . C...V a .. . ,

Total...

6 113 $0,2094 36 .3659 111 .2265 46 .368

14 194 .4365 166 .4042 26 .445

21 131 .2885 27 .3253 19 .459

19 182 .2323 45 .312

96 1,096 .325

$11. 70 $10.19 56.0 48.8 87.118.80 18.60 51.0 51.0 99.012.70 10.34 56.2 45.8 81.519.87 19.36 54.0 52.6 97.421.28 20.54 48.8 47.1 96.521. 74 20.90 53.8 51.7 96.022.25 20.62 50.0 46.3 92.615.90 13. 82 55.2 47.9 86.816.93 16. 43 52.1 50.6 97.122.03 22.48 48.0 48.9 101.912.76 9.85 55.0 42.4 77.117.19 15.65 55.1 50.2 91.1

17.39 15.53 53.5 47.7 89.2

3 85 2518 18

2 82 2746

180 2 1225 135 6

18 5 3131

3 8 1619

18245

238 38 204 552 .... 64C A R D G R IN D E R S : M ale.

Ala............. 6 25 $0,322 $17.90 $17.48 55.6 54.2 97.5 1Conn........... 4 13 .447 22.89 23.20 51.2 51.9 101.4 7Ga.............. 9 33 .327 18.38 16.62 56.2 50.8 90.4 1Me.............. 5 18 .476 25.70 25.72 54.0 54.0 100.0 18Mass.......... 14 77 .525 25. 24 25.24 48.1 48.1 100.0 75 2N. H.......... 5 32 .527 28.30 28.56 53.7 54.2 100.9 8 23N. Y .......... 2 8 .501 25.30 25.38 50.5 50.6 100.2 5 1N. C............ 20 43 .376 20. 76 18.97 55.2 50.5 91.5Pa.............. 4 6 .412 21. 63 22.15 52.5 53.7 102.3 1 1 3R .I ............ 3 10 .468 22. 46 23.82 48.0 51.0 106.3 10S .C ............. 19 51 .347 19. 09 18. 77 55.0 54.0 98.2Va.............. 3 16 .362 19.98 19. 48 55.2 53.8 97.5

Total... 94 332 .424 22.43 21.89 52.9 51.6 97.5 . . . . 98 12 46

2 0 .. .. 46 .........

24 . . . . 8

12

4315116

164 12


T a b l e A .—EARNINGS AND HOURS, B Y OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1922—Continued.

GENERAL TABLES. 15

ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD—Continued.

State.

Numberof

establish

ments.

Numberof

employees.

Average

earningsper

hour.

Averagefulltimeearningsper

week.

Average

earnings re

ceived in one week.

Averagefulltime

hoursper

week.

Average

hourswork

edin one week.

Percentoffull

timework

ed.


Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

DRAW IN G -FR AM E TENDERS: Male.

Ala.............. 4.49392

2122

1931

321764127912

110119

1544012

$0.179 .278 .200 .291 .361 .333 .295 .256 .348 .221 .314 .292

$9.7414.3711.2215.2217.9117.7516.2512.9816.7012.0417.3315.33

$9.1213.46 8.39

13.58 16.95 16.52 13.6712.47 15.648.86

15.4015.07

54.4 51.756.152.349.653.355.150.7 48.054.555.252.5

51.048.442.046.7 46.949.5 46.348.745.0 40.249.151.6

93.893.674.989.394.692.984.096.193.773.888.998.3

4 281149

Conn........... 4 2Ga............... 1

10. . . . 14

Me............... 2Mass............ 55

214 5

3110

. . . . 5N. Y .......... 7N .C ............Pa............... 9 2R. I .............

” 79

S. C............. 14740V a...............

Other States

Total...

12

79 552 .270 14.53 12.14 53.8 44.9 83.5 13 68 39 20 393 19 ........

D R AW IN G -FR AM E TEN D ERS: Female.

A l a . . . . . . . . 53 84

145 2 4 2 2

6023 64 64

2479824 17 215

$0,162.269.189.271.314.301.295.247.335.228

$9.12 13.56 10.62 14.63 15.07 16.19 14.25 13.17 16. Q/B 12.54

$7.52 12.68 8.43

14.39 13.37 15.48 13.05 11.32 13.95 9.26

56.350.456.254.048.0 53.848.353.3 4a 055.0

46.347.144.553.143.851.4 44.345.9 41.740.6

82.293.579.298.391.395.591.7 86.1 86.973.8

459

47

. . . . 15Conn........... 2 12Ga............... i

64. . . . 16

Me...............Mass........... 2 245N .H ........... 16 82

115

N. Y ..........••••

232

21Pa...............R . I .............S. C............. 5

Total.. 49 623 .276 14.21 12.79 51.5 46.4 91.0 4 303 16 163 106 . . . . 31 ........

SLUBBER TENDERS: Male.

Ala.............. 64 95

1452

213

1931

59168433

126102168920

117252

$0,276.448.316.483.479.475.419.350.512.291.389.319

$15.48 23.25 17.73 26.08 23.28 25.60 21.12 19.36 24.58 16.01 21.47 17.21

$13.65 22.20 13.41 24.57 22.65 24.87 21.33 16.43 21.89 13.28 20.86 17.21

56.151.956.154.0 48.653.9 50.4 55.348.055.055.254.0

49.449.642.450.947.352.450.947.0 42.845.653.754.0

88.195.675.694.397.397.2

101.085.089.2 82.997.3

100.0

1 449

65

. . . . 14Conn........... . . . . 7Ga............... 1

33. . . . 18

Me...............Mass........... . . . . 116 3

152

112

87

. . . . 5N. H ........... 76

4N. Y ........... . . . . 10N .C ............ . . . . 2R . I ............. . . . . 20S. C............. 117

25V a ...............OtherStates

T o ta l..

292 689 .390 20.87 18.63 53.5 47.7 89.2 . . . . 153 19 116 362 39

SL U B B E R T E N D E R S : F em ale.

Conn........... 24 25 2

4317

229

$0,366.430.447.311.392

$20.13 20.64 24.15 16.05 18.82

$19.23 19.48 24.15 14.51 16.74

55.048.054.0 51.648.0

52.545.354.046.742.7

95.594.4

100.090.5 89.0

4Mass........... .... 31N. H ........... 7

11P a ...................

49

7OtherStates

T o ta l.. 15 73 .388 19.44 la o s 50.1 46.6 93.0 .... 44 7 18 4



Table A.—EARNINGS AND HOURS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, ANDSTATE, 1922—-Continued.


State.

Numberof

establish

ments.

Num A verA ver

agefull

A verage

ber age earnof earn time ingsem ings earn re

ploy per ings ceivedees. hour. per per

week. week.

Aver*

fulltime

hoursper

week.

A ver Perage cent

hours ofwork full

ed timein one workweek. ed.

Number o f employees whose full » time hours per week were—

Over Over 57U nder48.

48 54 and48 and

un 54 andun

under 60 Over

60.der der 60.54. 57.

SPEEDER TENDERS: M ale.

A la .............. 6 136 $0,253 $14.07 $12.41 55.6 49.0 88.1 2 116 18Conn........... 4 53 .450 23.45 21.32 52.1 47.4 91.0 22 31Ga............... 9 233 .293 16.47 12.45 56.2 42.5 75.6 8 167 58M e............. 4 25 .420 22.68 21.80 54.0 51.8 95.9 25Mass______ 12 267 .501 24.75 22.00 49.4 43.9 88.9 1 224 4 17 21n . ht ........ 5 83 .463 24. 82 23.37 53.6 50.5 94.2 24 53 6n . y .......... 2 42 .431 22. 89 21.75 53.1 50.4 94.9 10 10 22N .C ............ 21 327 .353 19.49 16.97 55.2 48.1 87.1 323 4R .I 4 32 .450 22. 86 17.93 50.8 39.8 78.3 17 15S .C ............. 19 414 .277 15. 24 11.96 55.0 43.1 78.4 414V a ............... 3 132 .391 21.58 18.67 55.2 47.8 86.6 132OtherStates 1 1 .330 17.83 17.83 54.0 54.0 100.0 1

T o ta l .. 90 1,745 .358 19.37 16.36 54.1 45.6 84.3 1 273 30 112 1,228 . . . . 101 ........

SPEEDER TENDERS: Female.

A la.............. 6 89 $0,230 $12.79 $11.24Conn........... 4 152 .384 19.47 18.38G a............... 9 111 .263 14.86 11.12Me............... 5 236 .382 20.63 19.54Mass........... 14 937 .402 19.30 18.16N .H ........... 5 243 .419 22.46 21.56N .Y ............ 2 152 .357 17.49 16.66N .C ............ 14 37 .322 17.74 14.47P a ............... 5 63 .296 15.57 14.32R . I ............. 4 157 .393 19.41 16.99S. C............. 18 168 .250 13.73 10.98V a ............... 3 27 .328 18.14 15.51

T o ta l.. 89 2,372 .369 18.82 17.20

55.6 48.850.7 47.956.5 42.454.0 51.148.0 45.253.6 51.549.0 46.755.1 45.052.6 48.449.4 43.354.9 43.855.3 47.3

51.0 46.6

87.7 79 * 1094.5 93 5975.0 4 74 3394.6 1 23594.2 93796.1 68 i7595.3 128 18 681.7 3792.0 3 5 11 4487.7 120 3779.8 " 2 16685.5 27

91.4 6 1,283 79 513 448 .... 43

SPINNERS, M U L E : Male.

Conn...........Me...............

3332

5636

10820

$0,550.501.751.563

$28.0527.0536.05 28.71

$27.3325.2934.8427.25

51.054.048.051.0

49.750.546.448.4

97.593.5 96.7 94.9

.... 3236

24

Mass............ .... 10810OtherStates

T o ta l..

10

11 220 .638 31.90 30.68 50.0 48.1 96.2 .... 150 46 24

SPINNERS, F R A M E : Male.

Ala.............. 3Conn........... 3Ga............... 5Me............... 2Mass............ 6N .H ........... 2N .Y ............ 2N .C ............ 8Pa................ 2R . I ............. 2S. C............. 13OtherStates 1

T o ta l.. 49

41 $0,174 $9.83 $8.54 56.512 .372 19.72 15.61 53.044 .240 12.67 10.20 52.86 .277 14.96 9.98 54.0

124 .375 20.06 17.41 53.534 .448 24.19 23.59 54.051 .397 21.28 17.96 53.622 .191 10.07 8.01 52.713 .288 14.75 12.86 51.210 .326 17.21 14.01 52.8

165 .179 9.45 6.66 52.825 .362 19.77 12.92 54.6

547 .292 15.59 12.48 53.4

49.1 41.942.436.046.462.745.242.144.7 43.037.235.7

42.8

86.9 79.180.366.786.7 97.684.379.987.3 81.0 70.565.4

299

34

.... 121

102

67 58 59

348

* 59 34

179 4

8” 37

1

212824

80.1 61 71 9 60 275 .... 71


GENERAL TABLES.' 17

Table A .—EARNINGS AND HOURS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, ANDSTATE, 1922—Continued.


State.

Numberof

establish

ments.

Numberof

employ*

A verage

earningsper

hour.

A verage

fulltimeearningsper

week.

A verage

earnings re

ceived in one week.

A veragefull-time

hoursper

week.

A verage

hourswork

edin (me week.

Percent

offull

timework

ed.


Und er48.

Over Over 5748 54 and

48 andun 54 and

ununder 60

der der 60.54. 57.

Over

S P IN N E R S , F R A M E : F em ale .

A la..............Conn...........Ga...............Me...............Mass...........N. H ...........N. Y ...........N. C............Pa...............R . I .............S. C.............V a...............

T o ta l.. 96

10.179.345.225.331

77587

242 1,175

243

505 155 654 348

1,585 635 . 393 230 . 357

.251

.277

.374

.206

.318

6,634 . 301

$9.97 $8.3918.01 12.56 17.87 18.53 21.10 17.64 13.68 14.2418.55 11.1717.55

15.83

17.12 9.53

15.5016.7919.3315.6210.9812.13 17.108.18

13.88

13.22

55.752.255.854.048.0 53.749.454.5 51.449.654.255.2

52.6

46.949.7 42.346.843.5 49.243.743.843.745.839.843.6

44.0

84.295.2 75.8 86.790.691.6 88.5 80.485.092.373.479.0

52

1,578

177

11173

106

1,081

83.7 1761,9911,2331,0361,988

16348

52538

41796

509

15709

242

81

121

211

D O F F E R S : M ale.

A la ........Conn—Ga..........Me..........Mass—N. H . . . .N . Y . . . .N . C ___P a ..........R . I ........S. C........V a ..........

T o ta l..

6492

1442

2134

193

91

30261

35321

4181271005181489

574139

2,716

$0,228.318.259.382.403.422.380.279.266.419.245.311

.302

$12.7016.4114.5020.44 19.4622.45 19.15 15.18 14.12 20.6613.45 16.89

16.16

$11.0616.4011.3819.5917.9821.0817.9012.1913.0820.111QL1814.30

13.58

55.751.656.0 53.548.353.250.454.553.149.3 54.954.3

53.5

48.551.5 43.9 51.244.650.047.143.749.248.0 41.646.0

44.9

87.1 99.878.495.792.3 94.093.580.292.797.475.8 84.7

83.9

45

104

385

*6243

524 51

13

566

735

25038

267

. . . . 49 . . .

. . . . 73

16

16462 . . . . 6

i25

1,158 . . . . 144 - - - - -

D O F F E R S : F em ale.

1 3170

172

17697

35146

1532

20 197 16 219 8

Conn............ 2 4 $0.285 $14.9&$14.92 52.4 52.4 100.0M e............... 5 170 .295 15.93 14.05 54.0 47.6 88.1Mass............ 6 193 .344 16.41 15.20 47.7 44.1 92.5N . H ............ 5 46 .357 18.96 17.18 53.1 48.2 90.8P a ............... 4 27 .259 13.36 12.24 51.6 47.1 91.3R . I ............. 2 15 •-.453 21.74 21.46 48.0 47.4 98.8S. C............. 2 3 .264 14.52 12.42 55.0 47.0 85.5Other States 2 2| .254 14.10| 7.76J 55.5 30.5 55.0

T o ta l.. H 460 .324 16.49 14.95 50.9 46.1 90.6

S P O O L E R T E N D E R S : F em ale.

A la ..............Conn...........Ga...............M e...............Mass............N . H ...........N . Y ............N .C ............P a ...............R . I .............8. C.............V a ...............

T o ta l..

280!10534914669316775

4387096

543129

3,091

$0,178.291.194.303.353.375.324.239.227.320.188.260

.264

14.8710.8116.3616.91 20.0315.91 13.1011.37 15. 81 10.23 14.33

13.91

$8.0913.918.69

14.9915.5218.5915.0810.759.90

15.047.66

12.77

11.84

55.8 51.155.754.047.953.449.154.850.149.454.455.1

52.7

45.547.7 44.9 49.444.049.646.645.043.647.040.849.1

44.9

82.187.095.175.089.1

85.2

3 23052

27847

! 14 • 4

3910

146.... 57

14 67970 97

14**i7

2**3i

2

61418 .... 3

874

40 2022

512127

84 861 113 309 1,617 .... 107


18 WAGES AND HQURS OF LABOR— COTTON GOODS.

T able A .—EARNINGS AND HOURS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1922—-Continued.


N .C ........... 9 23 $0,302 $16.64 $14.83 55.1 49.0 88.9 23s . C............ 3 4 .200 11.00 10.23 55.0 51.3 93.3 4Other States 1 3 .434 26.03 26.03 60.0 60.0 100.0 3

T ota l.. 13 30 .304 16.90 15.34 55.6 50.4 90.6 27 .... 3

CREELERS OR T IE R S-IN ; Female.

Ga..............~M~a.sK...............

42

19361

82158491

$0,267.473.318.363.308.280

$14.8528.39 17.46 19.06 16.9415.40

$12.4928.39 15.62 19.06 13.6015.40

55.6 46.8 60.0 60.0 54.9 49.1 52.5 52.5 55.0 44.1 55.0| 55.0

84.2 100.089.4

100.080.2

100.0

7 — 121

N .C ........... 1 5791

Pa..............S. C............

1 3Other States

T ota l.. 35 101 .353 19.73 17.98 55.9 50.9 91.1 1 1 3 74 . . . . 22

W ARPER TEN DERS: Fem ale.

Conn..........Me...............

33695

113

17110028

$0,514.420.583.422.572

$27.6022.6827.9823.2929.69

$26.4322.70 26.74 20.7625.70

53.754.048.0 55.2 51.9

51.554.045.9 49.244.9

95.9100.095.689.186.5

— 23

9

Mass.......... . . . . 171N .C ........... ioo

14Other States T otal...

. . . . 12 2

26 313 .538 27.38 25.37 50.9 47.2 92.7 . . . . 185 5 123


GENERAL TABLES. 19

T able A .—EARNINGS AND HOURS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, ANDSTATE, 1922—Continued.

ONE-WEES ?A T PKRIOD—Oontinusd*

Num Num A verA ver

agefullber ber age

of of earn timeestab em ings earnlish ploy per ings

ments. ees. hour. perweek.

Aver- Aver- Aver*earn ings re

ceived in one week.

full-time

hoursper

hourswork

edin one week.

PerNumber of employees whose full

time hours per week were—centoffull

timeworked.

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

BEAM Efi TENDERS: Female*

Mass........... 2 23 10.385 $18.46 $16.89 48.0 43.9 91.5 23Others tates 3 62 .372 19.68 18.00 52.9 4a 4 91.5 18 43 1

T otal... 5 85 .377 19.42 17.82 51.5 47.2 91.7 .... 23 18 43 1

SLASH ER TENDERS: Male.

A la.............. 6 31 $0,271 $15.04 $15.17 55.5 56.0 1<XX9 1 26 4Conn.......... 4 16 .519 26.94 26.00 51.9 50.1 9a 5 7 9Qa............... 9 59 .299 16.98 15.66 56.8 52.4 92.3 i 39 18 1Me............... 5 23 .499 26.95 25.88 54.0 51.9 96.1 23Mass........... 14 147 .564 27.07 27.45 48.0 48.7 101.5 147N. H ........... 5 49 .575 30.82 31.20 53.6 54.2 101.1 13 36N. Y ........... 2 16 .485 23.81 24.44 49.1 50.4 102.6 8 5 3N .C ............ 19 66 .360 19.87 18.56 55.2 51.6 93.5 65 1P a ............... 3 11 .419 21.70 20.85 51.8 49.8 96.1 6 5R . I ............. 4 17 .526 25.62 25.62 4a 7 4a 7 100.0 15 2S. C............. 18 87 .260 14.30 12.80 55.0 49.2 89.5 87Va............... 3 25 .373 20.78 2a 08 55.7 53.8 96.6 20 5

T o ta l.. 92 547 .426 22.45 21.69 52.7 5a 9 9a6 . . . . 177 25 70 246 6 22 1

DRA W E R S-IN : Female.

A la.............. 54 75

13 5 2

14 3 3

142

283942 35

2157311472143 80 30

$10.1923.6815.2021.3820.1122.3320.6216.4513.13 ia 42 12.0018.14

$8.6619.7413.2116.621A1520.4620.6313.9411.1816:289.95

16.35

55.452.556.754.048.053.349.155.451.348.654.855.3

47.143.849.241.943.348.8 49.146.9 43.7 47.6 45.549.9

85.0 83.4sa 877.690.291.6

100.084.785.299.283.090.2

262520

— 2Conn...........

* " i14

Ga............... 435

. . . . 17Me...............M ass.......... . . . . 215N . H ........... 36 37

2N. Y ........... . . . . 9N .C ............ 47P a ............... 14 7R . I .............

*"~243s. C............. 78

30V a ...............

Total... 77 664 .352 18.23 16.04 51.8 45.6 88.0 3 281 50 85 226 . . . . 19 ........

W A R P -TY IN G M ACH INE TENDERS: Male.

A la.............. 6 20 $0,302 $16.70 $15.48 55.3 51.3 92.8 1 17 2Conn........... 4 6 .448 23.61 25.47 52.7 56.8 107.8 2 4G a............... 8 20 .350 19.78 18.93 56.5 54.1 95.8 14 6Me............... 5 11 .470 25.38 25.32 54.0 53.8 99.6 11Mass___ 13 46 .527 25.30 25.36 48.0 4ao ioa o 46N. H ........... 5 16 .511 27.44 28.28 53.7 55.4 103.2 s 13N. C ............ 11 22 .372 2a 53 19.35 55.2 52.0 94.2 22P a ............... 2 3 .419 21.49 21.49 5L3 51.3 io a o 2. . . . .

R . I ............. 4 8 .557 27.57 27.57 49.5 49.5 100.0 6 2s. c............. 17 29 .349 19.30 18.88 55.3 54.1 97.8 27 2V a ............... 3 6 .388 21.46 22.81 55.3 58.8 106.3 6Other States 1 4 .491 23.57 25.55 48.0 52.0 ioas . . . . 4

Total... 79 191 .425 22.48 22.18 52.9 52.1 9a 5. . . . 58 6 27 90. . . . 10


T a b l e A.—EARNIN GS AND HOURS, B Y OCCUPATION, SE X , AND STATE, 1922—-Continued.



State.

A ver A verNum Num A ver age

fullage

ber ber age earnof o f earn time ings

estab em ings earn relish ploy per ings ceived

ments. ees. hour. perweek.

in one week.

A ver A veragefull

agehours

time workhours ed

per in oneweek. week.

Percent

offu ll

timework

ed.


Un* - d er

48.

Over Over 57andunder60.

4848

andunder54.

5454

andunder57.

60 Over60.

LOOM F IX E R S : Male.

A la .............. , 6 188 80.363 820.22Conn........... 4 59 .573 30.48G a............... 9 206 .353 20.19Me............... 5 109 .577 31.16Mass........... 14 643 .620 29.88N. H ........... 5 253 .628 33.41N. Y ........... 2 76 .575 29.04N .C ............ 21 296 .420 23.18P a ............... 4 35 .465 23.72R . I ............. 4 121 .617 30.23s.c.:...... 18 376 .360 20.09V a ........... 3 94 .475 26.22

Total... 95 2,456 .500 26.45

818.74 55.7 51.630.05 53.2 52.418.35 57.2 52.030.58 54.0 53.029.03 48.2 46.832.36 53.2 51.528.66 50.5 49.921.45 55.2 51.123.50 51.0 50.629.66 49.0 48.118.27 55.8 50.724.98 55.2 52.6

25.01 52.9 50.0

90.998.197.1

92.699.298.2 90.995.3

94.5

215

4109

**i6914

'* ’ 7626

47

471

.... 7100

16 1121

7 795 93 328

15644

112

.... 30

.... 90

'* " 615

2951

.... 1,3 ........

.... 1

31694

9 23 28

1,039 9 157 28

T RIM M ER S AND INSPECTORS: Male.

A la .............. 3 21 80.171 89.41 88.45 55.0 49.3 89.6 214 8 .216 11.86 11.20 54.9 51.9 94.5 1 7.........

Mars......... 2 5 .365 17.52 17.20 48.0 47.1 98.1 5N .C ............ 9 22 .265 14.71 12.52 55.5 47.2 85.0 22P a ............... 3 6 .447 23.69 23.70 53.0 53.0 100.0 i 5S. C............. 5 12 .207 11.39 10.85 55.0 52.3 95.1 12OtherStates 2 4 .347 17.35 17.44 50.0 50.2 100.4 .... 3 1

T o ta l.. 28 78 .251 13.63 12.44 54.3 49.6 91.3 .... 9 6 63

T R IM M E R S AND IN SPEC TO R S: Female.


GENERAL TABLES, 21

Table A.—EARNINGS AND HOURS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, ANDSTATE, 1922—Concluded.

ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD—Concluded.

State.

Numberof

establish

ments.

Numberof

employees.

Average

earningsper

hour.

Average

Average Aver

agetimeearningsper

week.

ings re

ceived in one week.

timehoursper

week.

OTHER EM PLO YEES: Female.


Number of establish

ments.

Number of em

ployees.

AverAverage

Average Aver

age Aver- Percent

offull-timework

ed.

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—

State.age

earningsper

hour.

fulltimeearningsin

twoweeks

earningsre

ceivedin

tw oweeks

tail-timehours

intwo

weeks

age hours worked in two

weeks

Under48.

48

Over48

andunder64.

54

Over54

andunder57.

57andunder60.

60 Over60.

W EAVER S: Male.

A la .............. 6 426 10.255 $28.46 $24.66 111.6 96.6 86.6 5 347 74Conn........... 4 464 .452 45.83 42.72 101.4 94.5 93.2 286 178G a............... 9 610 .282 32.01 24.49 113.5 86.8 76.4 14 382 214Me............... 5 325 .471 50.87 46.85 108.0 99.5 92.1 325Mass........... 14 1,967 .460 44.48 40.95 96.7 89.1 92.1 3 1,888 17 59N. H ........... 5 434 .466 49.26 44.31 105.7 95.1 90.0 27 103 281 23N . Y ............ 2 263 .455 46.59 41.93 102.4 92.1 89.9 138 32 93N .C ............ 21 1,050 .350 38.54 31.71 110.1 90.5 82.2 * *7 1,039 4P a ............... 4 63 .340 34.27 30.28 100.8 88.9 88.1 28 15 20R . I ............. 4 321 .454 44.54 40.31 98.1 88.9 90.6 266 55S. C............. 18 1,104 .286 31.46 24.11 110.0 84.3 76.6 ’ *3 1,101V a ............... 3 383 .403 44.49 35.13 110.4 87.1 78.9 383

T o ta l.. 95 7,410 .389 40.88 35.02 105.1 90.0 85.6 40 2,606 140 727 3,546 .... 351 ........

W E A V E R S : F em ale.

A la .............. 6 327 $0,231 $25.76 $21.12 111.5 91.4 82.0 13 253 61Conn........... 4 367 .404 41.05 37.74 101.6 93.5 92.0 220 147G a............... 9 386 .274 31.07 23.67 113.4 86.4 76.2 6 248 132Me............... 5 437 .419 45.25 41.73 108.0 99.7 92.3 437Mass........... 14 2,856 .415 39.84 36.58 96.0 88.1 91.8 15 2,841N .H ........ 5 1,169 .428 45.97 42.44 107.4 99.2 92.4 9 153 1,007N. Y ........... 2 193 .416 41.27 39.12 99.2 94.1 94.9 141 52N .C ............ 21 647 .313 34.49 28.36 110.2 90.7 82.3 **io 636 1P a ............... 4 174 .324 32.85 30.96 101.4 95.6 94.3 54 62 58R . I ............. 4 367 .405 40.05 34.72 98.9 85.7 86.7 279 88S. C............. 18 566 .260 28.55 21.02 109.8 80.7 73.5 *7 559V a ............... 3 155 .368 40.59 32.90 110.3 89.3 81.0 155

T o ta l.. 95 7,644 .380 39.18 34.44 103.1 90.7 88.0 41 3,535 228 1,648 1,998 .... 194


T able B .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS, BY SEX AND STATE, 1922. to

Number o f employees whose earnings per hour were—

Number Number Average 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1AOccupation, sex, and State. of estab- of em- earnings and and and and and and and and and and and and and cents $1 ilU $1.25lish- plovees. per hour. under under under under under under under under under under under under under and under andlii6u Lb. 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 under over.u6lits >cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. $1. $1. 25.

Spinners, frame, f emale:6 505 $0,179 16 24 52 76 53 121 143 204 155 .345 2 4 8 22 97 21 19 654 .225 15 12 16 35 36 98 209 182 515 348 .331 2 3 2 2 5 40 70 151 71 2

14 1,585 .386 1 4 34 115 672 710 495 635 .393 21 32 286 270 25 12 230 .357 2 15 16 164 32 1

21 775 .251 6 10 23 46 70 267 193 155 54 87 .277 1 5 26 30 24 1

Rhnrlfl T,sl anrl 4 242 .374 2 1 3 2 4 13 127 84 6Smith Carolina 19 1,175 .206 12 35 46 86 99 240 485 153 18 1Virginia...................................... 3 243 .318 * 1 3 3 8 6 24 45 115 37 1

Total 96 6,634 .301 44 84 130 224 250 557 1,276 891 1,860 1,232 85 1____ ___Spinners, mule, male:

riftnnftptimit 3 56 .550 1 13 24 18Mflinfi 3 36 .501 1 17 15 3MftQSftphl1«fitt<! 3 108 .751 19 3 2 32 39 13New Hampshire.......................Other States.............................. 2 20 .563 1 16 3

Total 11 220 .638 1 1 50 58 26 32 39 13Weavers, male: = ===== = ===== = = - - - - - ■ ■ ===== =

Alabama 6 426 .255 1 2 16 15 26 147 123 89 6 1Conn fioti out............................. 4 464 .452 5 13 18 104 173 110 36 3 1 1Cfiorgia . . . 9 610 .282 1 4 5 19 17 147 198 204 15Afaino 5 325 .471 1 3 23 53 103 124 16 1 1M as<;aph 17 softs 14 1,967 .460 1 4 30 85 479 724 462 160 19 3Np.ot TTampjshirfi 5 434 .466 1 1 3 27 90 153 101 52 6Now Vorlr 2 263 .455 1 2 5 44 160 50 1North Carolina 21 1,050 .350 5 26 80 152 537 235 15Pennsylvania 4 63 .340 2 2 1 3 11 30 13 1Rhode Island........................ 4 321 .454 2 3 2 2 4 3 10 59 139 73 18 3 2 1South Carolina 18 1,104 .286 1 1 3 9 16 36 232 383 378 44 1Virginia...................................... 3 383 .403 2 18 30 119 187 26 1

Total....................................... 95 7,410 .389 2 4 14 33 60 124 681 1,065 2,186 1,952 962 285 33 6 1 1 1Weavers, female:

Alabama ............................... 6 327 .231 2 4 5 22 20 39 116 85 33 1Connecticut............................... 4 367 .404 2 2 1 2 2 5 16 26 117 129 58 6 1

WA

GE

S

AN

D

HO

UR

S

OF

L

AB

OR

-----CO

TT

ON

G

OO

DS.


Georgia...............Maine...................Massachusetts... New Hampshire.New Y ork ..........North Carolina.. P ennsylvania... Bhode Is la n d ... South Carolina.. Virginia...............

Total................

9 386 .274 4 5 20 13 1185 437 .419 3 1 3 6

14 2,856 .415 2 8 665 1,169 .428 1 342 193 .416 1 3

21 647 .313 3 7 14 1004 174 .324 4 9 204 367 .405 4 2 6 5 4 8 15

18 566 .260 3 9 13 20 21 1673 155 .368 1 11

95 7,644 .380 11 11 25 53 79 121 672

9132

183688

1693726

20815

948

12312597636175

3027388

12178

2,472

10182

1,185475854828

1444

462,337

3791892143

54

793 103

Table C.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL HOURS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS WHO MADE AS MANY STARTS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, B Y SEX AND STATE, 1922.


Occupation, sex, and State.

Number o f establish

ments.

A ll employees.

Number.

Averagefull-time

hours.

Employees working total starts mill operated.

Number.

Average actual

hours per pay period.

16andunder20.

Number of employees who made as m any starts as mill operated and whose hours in a one-weekpay period were—

20andunder24.

24andunder28.

28andunder32.

32andunder34.

34andunder36.

36andunder38.

38andunder40.

40andunder42.

42andunder44.

44andunder46

46andunder48

48

Over48

andunder50.

50andunder52.

52andunder54.

54

Over54

andunder56.

56andunder58.

58andunder60.

Spinners, frame, female:Alabama.....................Connecticut...............Georgia.......................Maine.........................Massachusetts...........New Hampshire___New Y ork ..................North Carolina..........Pennsylvania............Bhode Island............South Carolina..........Virginia......................

T otal.....................Spinners, mule, male:

Connecticut...........Maine......................Massachusetts........Other States..........

Total.

438155654348

1,58563523060369

242 1,175

243

55.852.255.854.048.0 53.7 49.454.651.7 49.654.255.2

188121284234

1,15744318034840

193471112

55.453.551.7 53.947.853.348.151.452.149.948.454.2

24

1,1101142

7

22

14

1294

15 34

213 20

3588 6,377 52.5 3,771 50.4 21 30 41 111 134 1,415 28 165 104 691 825 55 15 34

5636

10810

210

51.054.048.048.049.8

51309810

189

51.054.0 47.948.049.6

31

9510

136

3019

19 t oCO

GEN

ERAL TABLES,



T able C.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL HOURS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS WHO toMADE AS MANY STARTS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, BY SEX AND STATE, 1922—Concluded. ^


Num- ber of establish

ments.

All employees.

Employees working total

starts mill operated.

Number of employees who worked as many starts as mill operated and whose hours in a two-week pay periodwere—

Number.

Averagefulltime

hours.

Number.

Average actual hours

per pay period.

48

Over48

andunder52.

52andunder56.

56andunder60.

60andunder64.

64andunder68.

68andunder72.

72andunder76.

76andunder80.

80andunder84.

84andunder88.

88andunder92.

92andunder96.

96

Over96

andunder100.

100andunder104.

104andunder108.

108

Over108andunder110.

110

Over110andunder115.

115andunder120.

120 Over120.

Spinners, frame,female:

N orth Carolina 5 172 108.8 31 106.2 1 1 2 1 6 1 17 2Pennsylvania. 2 18 100 7 12 98.5 1 7 1 1 2Other States.. 1 67 110.0 13 1 110.8 1 1 8 3

Total 8 257 108.6 56 105.6 1 1 4 7 2 7 2 2 25 2 3

Spinners, mule,male:

All Statp.s 1 10 108.0 5 105.0 1 4

Weavers, male:A iahama 6 426 111. 6 209 110.3 3 13 11 1 153 3 25Connecticut. 4 464 101*. 4 390 99.7 240 64 1 3 82(reorpia 9 610 113.5 209 109.0 12 31 7 3 4 112 1 33 5 1M pi n p. 5 325 108.0 274 107.8 3 1 1 269Massachusetts 14 1,967 96.7 1,639 96.5 1 1 3 11 1,573 12 5 33New Hamp

shire 5 434 105.7 334 106.4 12 1 78 225 18New York.. . . 2 263 102.4 206 102.4 111 1 24 66 2 2North Carolina 21 1 050 110.1 509 105.2 2 5 49 1 6 1 6 1 8 20 353 56 1Pennsylvania 4 ’ 63 100.8 48 99.5 2 26 1 7 12Rhode Island. 4 321 98.1 216 98.2 1 1 174 40South Carolina 18 1,104 110.* 0 298 107.0 2 2 3 14 6 24 52 1 1 191 2Virginia 3 383 110.4 149 109.9 .1 7 127 14

Total.......... 95 7,410 105.1 4,481 102.0 3 5 49 4 18 3 14 31 2,136 24 149 177 574 9 1,102 76 38 64' 5

WA

GE

S

AN

D

HO

UR

S

OF

L

AB

OR

-----CO

TT

ON

G

OO

DS,


Weavers, female: Alabama....... 6 327 111.5 131 110.0Connecticut.. 4 367 101.6 309 99.5Georgia.......... 9 386 113.4 137 109.8Maine............ 5 437 108.0 359 107.7Massachusetts 14 2,856 96.0 2,302 95.9New Hamp

shire........... 5 1,169 107.4 959 107.4New York___ 2 193 99.2 168 99.1North Carolina 21 647 110.2 327 107.2Pennsylvania. 4 174 101.4 136 101.1Rhode Island. 4 367 98.9 241 99.0South Carolina 18 566 109.8 164 107.0Virginia......... ‘3 155 110.3 68 110.0

Total....... 95 7,644 103.1 5,301 101.3

1 1 11 6 1 3 90 3 15193 55 1 1 59

4 19 7 1 74 22 101 1 1 1 1 354

2 5 2 11 13 2,269

5 1 8 124 8212 122 44

il 1 1 13 7 2 "*i* 3 10 1 255 322 51 4 32 47

1 1 177 621 1 3 1 5 10 42 1 99 1

1 63 4

il 1 1 1 1 13 3 18 3 16 20 2,818 12 139 191 1,331 5 640 39 23 25

1 Under 48.

toO X

GE

NE

RA

L

TA

BL

ES

,


T able D.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL EARNINGS IN PAY PERIOD FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS WHO MADE toAS MANY STARTS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, BY SEX AND STATE, 1922. &



Numberof

lish-ments.

All employees.

Number.

Average full-time earnings per pay period.

Employees working total starts mill operated.

Number.

Average actual

earnings per pay penod.

Number of employees who worked as many starts as mill operated and whose earnings in a one-week payperiod were—

$10andunder$11.

$11andunder$12.

$12andunder$13.

$13andunder$14.

$14andunder$15.

$15andunder$16.

$16andunder$17.

$17andunder$18.

$18andunder$19.

$19andunder$20.

$20andunder$22.

$22andunder$24.

$24andunder$26.

$26andunder$28.

$28andunder$30.

$30andunder$32.

$32andunder$34.

$34andunder$36.

$36andunder$38.

$38andunder$40.

$40andunder$42.

$42andunder$44.

$44andunder$46.

$46and

over.

Spinners, frame, female:

Alabama.............Connecticut.........Georgia................Mflina...................Massachusetts__New Hampshire..New York............North Carolina...Pennsylvania......Rhode Island......South Carolina... Virginia...............

Total................Spinners, mule, male:

Connecticut.........Maine...................Massachusetts__Other States...

Total__

438155654348

1,58563523060369

242 1,175

243

$9.8117.9512.58 17.80 18.52 21.04 17.69 11.91 14.7518.58 11.17 17.67

188 121 284 234

1,157 443 180 348 40

193 471 112

$9.6618.7811.6617.7218.5221.0917.1313.2315.5618.56 9.91

16.00

U35 24

«106 no 6 186 147 73

4 »7

9 305 69

15

1388 6,377 15.43 3,771 16.09 10 685 176 226 230 219 174 237 284 491 232 110 25 12

5610810

26.4827.0336.0428.49

29.6227.2236.0428.49

13 16 11 10

10 210 31.59 32.51 14 15 28 31 15 14 13 16 11 10

1Includes 96 under $10. 5 includes 7 under $10. 8 Includes 6 under $10.8 Includes 2 under $10. «Includes 3 under $10. »Includes 231 under $10.«Includes 85 under $10. 1 1ncludes 51 under $10. » Includes 493 under $10.4 includes 5 under $10.

WAG

ES AND

HO

URS OF LABOR—

^COTTON GOODS.


TWO-WEEK PA Y PERIOD.

O ccupation, sex, and State.Number of establish ,

m ents.

A ll em ployees.Employees work

ing total starts m ill operated.

Number of em ployees who worked as m any starts as m ill operated and whose earnings in a two-week pay period were—

Number.

Averagefull-tim eearnings.

Number.

Averageactual

earningsperpay^

period.

$10andunder$12.

$12andunder$14.

$14andunder$16.

$16andunder$18.

$18andunder$20.

$20andunder$24.

$24andunder$28.

$28andunder$32.

$32andunder$36.

$36andunder$40.

$40andunder$44.

$44andunder$48.

$48andunder$52.

$52andunder$56.

$56andunder$60.

$60andunder$64.

$64andunder$68.

$68andunder$72.

$72andunder$76.

$76andunder$80.

$80andunder$84.

$84andunder$88.

Spinners, fram e, fem ale:North Carolina............................ 5

21

1721867

$28.15 24.74 22.11

311213

$28.2524.8621.96

.... 1 1 1 *T1

45 7

832

911

32

2 1 .... 1Pennsylvania...............................Other States................................. 2

T otal........................................... 8 257 26.21 56 26.05 __ 1 1 3 2 16 13 114 5 2 1 . . . . 1Spinners, m ule, m ale:

A ll States...................................... 1 10 57.67 5 57.47 1 3 1W eavers, m ale:

A labam a....................................... 64 95

1452

2144

183

426464610325

1,967434263

1,05063

3211,104

383

28.5745.7631.9950.7844.2749.3546.6038.4634.3844.38 31.5244.47

209390209274

1,63933420650948

216298149

28.3445.08 31.53 50.96 44.9350.03 47.12 37.3834.34 45.0531.0341.08

1 714

733

367

2329

609

281

424

441949138212

26294711

155255

916

12 70 32

216034 17

2272123941235 41 28

3431120

2983228

1017

371127

4688

282295557713

374

35

Connecticut.................................. 58 39 20 19 6 9Georgia.......................................... .... 1 1M aine............................................ 37

215515024

25*2

19

43161413481

24

52952681

367722

83221

310171

235

*T2

1 ....M assachusetts.............................. 2New H am pshire..........................New Y ork.....................................N orth Carolina............................ 1 ‘T

22

11

202

4594

58

526

12807

Pennsylvania...............................R hode Island............................... 14 10 2 2South Carolina............................ 1 3 26V irginia......................................... 1

Total........................................... 95 7,410 40.33 4,481 42.38 __ 1 4 17 20 125 260 376 509 613, 618 599 481 352 216 164 69 42 10 3 1 1W eavers, fem ale:

Alabam a....................................... 64 95

1452

2144

183

327367386437

2,8561,169

193647174367566155

25.8140.8231.02 45.30 39.9146.03 41.29 34.36 32.79 39.97 28.57 40.65

131309137359

2,30295916832713624116468

25.37 40.68 30.60 45.26 40.15 46.53 41.44 34.22 33.5140.3828.38 39.06

H I3

‘T

2

*T22

734

1134

325

145

3281

21108

23

3413276

103182

411913402

26232921

224327

491918461

9342334

3616014733233 25 23

5532640

3979545641741 9

16

1647

484341763344123948

1371

553771624424 1325 3

13

Connecticut.................................. 30

*58*2101481725

27

241

4297

115411

22

10 1 2 2Georgia..........................................M aine............................................ 24

4655

219

52

45

31M assachusetts.............................. 6 1

6New Hampshire.......................... 1New Y ork .................................... 1

1715

North Carolina............................ i 2 2 11

*3*

.... 1Pennsylvania...............................R hode Island............................... U2

" 214

6 3 1 1South Carolina............................V irginia......................................... 4 1

T otal.......................................... 95 7,644 38.73 5,301 40.20 6 8 7 11 19 39 159 318 495 721 808 870 755 501 308 141 87 43 10 18 Includes 3 under $10. u Under $10. to

GEN

ERAL TABLES,


ADDITIONAL COPIESOF THIS PUBLICATION M A Y BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D . C.AT

5 CENTS PER COPYPURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPY FOR PROFIT.— PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED M A Y 11, 1922


bls_0345_1923.pdf

Documents

hours of labor

average earnings

classified hours

table b

classified earnings

b o r s t

u g u s t

t ic s