blstst burns sting bite
TRANSCRIPT
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MODULE 3:(i) BURN INJURIES
(ii) STING
(iii) BITE
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+(i) BURN INJURIES
In medicine, a burn may be an
injury caused by heat, cold,electricity, chemicals, friction or
radiation (e.g. a sunburn).
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+Classification of Burns
Nomencl
ature
Traditional nomenclature Depth Clinical
Findings
Superficia
l thickness
First
degree
Epidermis
involvement
Erythema, minor
pain, lack of
blisters
Partialthickness-
superficial
Seconddegree Superficial(papillary)
dermis
Blisters, clearfluid and pain
Partial
thickness-
deep
Deep
(reticular) dermis
Whiter
appearance, with
decreased pain.
Difficult to
distinguish from
full thickness
Full
thickness
Third-
or
fourth-
degree
Dermis and
underlying
tissue and
possibly
fascia,bone, or muscle
Hard, leather-like
eschar, purple
fluid, no
sensation
(insensate)
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+ How to assess burns?
Rule of Nines
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+Management
Stop the burning process.
With dry powder burns, the powder should be brushed off first.
Rinsed with a large amount of clean water at affected site to removeforeign bodies.
Cold water should never be applied to any person with extensive
burns, as it may severely compromise the burn victim's temperaturestatus.
Assess airway status.
Must be assumed that the patient has sustained inhalation injuryuntil proven otherwise
Fluid replacement
Treatment of low-grade burns (first- and second-degree burns)
Local anesthetic (Lidocaine)
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+(ii) BEE STING
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+ Management Removal of the barbed stinger.
Reduce pain and swelling with a cold compress.
Many traditional remedies have been suggested forbee stings including
damp pastes of tobacco
salt
baking soda
meat tenderizer
toothpaste
clay
aspirin
ice
Note:
Bee venom is acidic.
These interventions
are often recommended
to neutralize the venom.
However, these interventions are not scientifically proven yet!
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+Snake Bite
Not all snakes arepoisonous.
Not all poisonoussnakes are fullycharged with venom.
Even those that arefully charged do notalways inject a lethaldose
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+Main Goal
To support patients until theyarrive at the emergency
department.
1.Avoiding excessive activity.
2. Immobilizing the bitten extremity.
3. Quickly transporting the victim to
the nearest hospital.
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+Reassurance helps reduce anxiety
related high blood pressure,palpitations, tremors, sweating and
rapid breathing.
Check if the bite is due to a poisonousor a non-poisonous snake.
Try to identify the snake.
If possible kill and take the snake
along to the hospital.
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+Restrict activity and immobilize the
affected area (commonly an
extremity).
Keep walking to a minimum.
Try and keep bitten extremity at bodylevel, when the person is lying.
Raising it can cause venom to travel into
the body.Holding it down, can increase swelling.
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+ ONLY For Presenter!A wide, flat constriction band may be applied proximal
to the bite to block only superficial venous and
lymphatic flow (typically, with about 20 mm Hgpressure) and should be left in place until antivenintherapy, if indicated, is begun.
One or two fingers should easily slide beneath thisband, since any impairment of arterial blood flow could
increase tissue death.
Upper extremities should be splinted as close to agravity-neutral position as possible, preferably at heartlevel.
No study has shown any benefit in survival or outcomefrom incision and suction.
However, a venom extractor can be beneficial ifapplied within five minutes of the bite and left in placefor 30 minutes
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+Do not make an incision in the field.
Immediately transfer to definitive care.
Do not give antivenin in the field.
A patient bitten by a cobra or krait if not dead
in 2 hours will probably recover rapidly.
A patient bitten by a viper is
in danger for a much longer time.