BLUE  ECONOMY:  PROMOTING  SUSTAINABLE  MARINE  AND  FISHERIES  DEVELOPMENT  IN  INDONESIA  

(A  policy  framework)    

SUNOTO,  MES,  PHD  Ministry  of  Marine  Affairs  and  Fisheries  

Republic  of  Indonesia    

The  Third  APEC  Blue  Economy  Forum  Xiamen,  August  25th,    2014  

CRITICAL  ISSUES  •  Oceans  cover  more  than  70%  of  the  earth’s  surface  with  abundant  natural  

resources  that  economically  provide  billion  of  people  with  food  and  livelihoods,  including  energy  and  services,  such  as  transportaSon  and  tourism.  

•  Oceans  consStute  99%  of  the  living  space  on  earth  and  about  97%  of  waters  on  earth  is  in  the  oceans.  

•  Ocean-­‐based  fisheries  produce  about  94.6  million  ton  in  2011  dominated  by  5  top  producers:  China,  Peru,  Indonesia,  USA,  and  India  (most  populated  countries).  

•  Approximately  85%  of  fish  stocks  are  fully  exploited  and  about  32%  of  the  stocks  are  esSmated  overexploited  and  depleted.  

•  Aquaculture  will  play  an  important  role  in  the  future  in  providing  sources  of  food  to  meet  demand  that  has  significantly  increased  in  the  past  few  decades  with  the  producSon  of  83.73  million  ton  (mariculture  and  fresh  water  aquaculture)  as  global  populaSon  will  increase  from  about  6.8  billion  people  to  9  billion  by  2050.  

•  Ecologically  oceans  play  an  important  role  in  producing  oxygen,  absorbing  CO2,  and  maintaining  marine  biological  diversity  and  ecosystem  producSvity.  

•  Unfortunately,  the  degradaSon  of  marine  resources  caused  by  irresponsible  land-­‐based  and  ocean  economic  pracSces  have  been  worst  caused  by    global  warming  and  climate  change.    

•  Integrated  sea  use  management  is  needed  and  internaSonal  cooperaSon  is  required  to  promote  sustainable  ocean  management.  

MARINE  AND  FISHERIES  POTENTIAL  1.  Indonesia  is  an  archipelagic  country  with  abundance  of  marine  and  fishery  

resources.  However,  the  contribuSon  of  marine  and  fisheries  sector  to  the  economy  is  relaSvely  sSll  small.  

2.  MARINE  RESOURCES:    •  Number  of  Islands:  17,508  Islands  •  Coastline:  104,000  km  •  Marine  area:  5.8  million  km2  

•  Industry:  80%  of  industries  and  75%  of  major  ciSes  are  located  in  the  coastal  area  

•  Capture  fisheries:  the  6.5  million  tones  of  fish  per  year  •  Mariculture  potenSal:  more  than  12  million  ha  •  Oil  &  gas:  oil  &  gas  Indonesia  Basin  from  60  spots,  70%  are  in  the  ocean  •  Petroleum  reserves  of  9.1  billion  barrels  at  sea  •  Tourism:  most  of  the  tourist  acracSons  linked  to  the  sea  

3.  ENVIRONMENTAL  CONCERNS:  RISKS  –  Environmental  DestrucKon  and  PolluKon  –  Global  Warming  and  Climate  Change   3  

POLITICAL  WILL  AND  COMMITTMENT  

•  For  Indonesia  ocean  is  very  important  economically  and  ecologically  since  the  fact  that  two  thirds  (2/3)  of  the  territory  is  ocean  with  17,508  islands  and  coastal  lines  of  104,000  km.    

•  The  fourth  most  populated  country  with  more  than  200  million  people:  mostly  live  in  the  coastal  area,  the  area  that  is  ecologically  vulnerable.  

•  Ocean-­‐based  economy  and  ocean-­‐related  acSviSes  have  been  growing  and  tend  to  conSnue  to  develop  in  the  incoming  decades.    

•  Understanding  the  importance  of  the  oceans  and  coasts,  Indonesia  has  been  commiced  to  improving  ocean  and  coastal  management  by  establishing  sustainable  marine  and  fisheries  development  policy  based  on  the  principles  of  Blue  Economy.  

NEW  INITIATIVE  

•  In  order  to  achieve  sustainable  marine  and  fisheries  development,  Indonesia  has  iniSated  new  approaches  to    managing  the  ocean  and  coastal  through  promoSng  good  ocean  governance  and  blue  economy  models  investment.  

•  Good  ocean  governance  is  required  to  provide  appropriate  policy  frameworks  in  managing    ocean-­‐based  economy  and  ocean-­‐related  acSviSes  with  the  principles  of  sustainability,  accountability,  integraSon,  empowerment,  growth  with  equity,  and  jusSce.    

•  Whilst  Blue  Economy  Model  Investment  is  needed  to  promote  environmentally  friendly  investment  and  businesses,  supported  by    public  investment  on  infrastructure  and  appropriate  policies.  

   

OBJECTIVES  

1.   Promote  Good  Ocean  Governance,  as  the  guiding  principle  of  policies  at  all  levels  of  authoriSes:  naSonal,  provincial,  and  district  governments  

2.   Develop  NaKonal  Ocean  Policy  Frameworks,  as  the  guidelines  of  policy  implementaSon  in  achieving  sustainable  marine  and  fisheries  development      

3.   Promote  Blue  Economy  Model  Investment  and  Businesses,  as  a  means  of  achieving  environmentally  friendly  investment  and  business  pracSces.    

GOOD  OCEAN  GOVERNANCE:    GUIDING  PRINCIPLES  

•  Principles:  sustainability,  consistency,  integraSon,  law  enforcement,  partnership,  equity,  public  parScipaSon,  transparency,  decentralizaSon,  accountability,  and  jusSce  .  

•  Approaches:  integrated  sea  use  management  and  ecosystem-­‐based  management  for  healthy  and  producSve  ocean  

•  Legal  aspects:  1)  Coastal  and  Small  Island  Management  Act  27  of  2007  that  was  recently  amended  as  Act  1  of  2014,  and  2)  Ocean  Act  that  has  been  ready  for  approval  by  the  Parliament  and  expected  to  be  effecSve  by  this  year.  

OCEAN  POLICY  FRAMEWORK  

1.   IMPLEMENTING  INTEGRATED  SEA  USE  MANAGEMENT:  spaSal  marine  planning,  managing  ocean  space,  natural  resources  and  ocean-­‐related  acSviSes  and  services  that  include  fisheries,  sea  transportaSon,  mineral  and  energy,  marine-­‐based  industry,  and  tourism  

2.   DEVELOPING  BLUE  ECONOMY  ZONE:  integrated  land-­‐based  and  ocean-­‐based  development  through  applying  ecosystem-­‐based  management,  such  as  integrated  coastal  zone  management  —pilot  projects:  Lombok  Island  (in  collaboraSon  with  FAO)  and  Nusa  Penida,  Bali  

 3.   PROMOTING  BLUE  ECONOMY  MODELS  INVESTMENT  AND  

BUSINESSES:  environmentally  friendly  investment  based  on  the  principles  of  nature’s  efficient,  leave  nothing  to  waste,  and  social  inclusiveness    

 INTEGRATED  SEA  USE  MANAGEMENT  ACT  27/2007  jo  ACT  1/2014  and  OCEAN  ACT    

 •  SEA  SEA  USE  

MANAGEMENT  SEA  USE  

PLANNING  MARINE  SPATIAL  

PLANNING  

OCEAN  ZONING  MAPS  AND  REGULATIONS  

COMPREHENSIVE  MARINE  

SPATIAL  PLAN  

OTHER  MANAGEMENT  MEASURES  

PERMITS  AND  OTHER  MANAGEMENT  MEASURES  

SEA  USE  MANAGEMENT  PLAN  ICZM  

SOURCE:  DOUVERE  AND  EHLER  (2008)  MODIFIED  

MACRO-­‐POLICY  PRINCIPLES    

1.  BALANCING  ECONONOMIC  GROWTH  AND  EQUITY  

2.  NATURE’S  EFFICIENCY  3.  LEAVE  NOTHING  TO  WASTE:  ZERO  WASTE  4.  SOCIAL  CAPITAL  AND  SOCIAL  INCLUSIVENESS  5.  GENERATING  MULTIPLE  REVENUE/INCOME  6.  CREATING  JOB  OPPORTUNITY  7.  DEVELOPING  INNOVATIVE  AND  CREATIVE  

BUSINESSES  AND  INVESTMENT  8.  IMPROVING  BUSINESS  CONNECTIVITY  

STRATEGY  1:  DEVELOPING  INTEGRATED  NATIONAL  POLICY  

(MACRO  POLICY)    •  IntegraKng  NaKonal  Ocean  Policy  (OCEAN  ACT):  

marine  transportaSon,  mariSme  industry,  energy  and  minerals,  marine  construcSon,  marine  services,  tourism,  coastal  and  small  islands  management,  and  fisheries,  

•  Developing  a  Policy  Framework  based  on  Blue  Economy  Principles:  especially  coastal  and  small  islands  management,  fisheries,  and  other  related  sectors  

•  Establishing  a  NaKonal  Master  Plan  on  Sustainable  Marine  and  Fisheries  Development.  

STRATEGY  2:  DEVELOPING  BLUE  ECONOMY  ZONES  

AND  INTEGRATED  COASTAL  MANAGEMENT  (ICM)  Principles:  Integra0ng  Environment,  Economy,  Social,  Culture,  

and  Recrea0onal  Ac0vi0es    •  Developing  integrated  economic  zones  based  on  

the  principles  of  sustainability,  nature’s  efficiency,  zero  waste,  and  social  inclusiveness,  

•  Developing  integrated  management  of  small  islands,  coastal,  and  conservaSon  areas  as  a  model  of  archipelagic  state  economic  development,  

•  Applying  integrated  spaSal  planning  to  promote  sustainable  development  

•  Social  and  cultural  capacity  building  

STRATEGY  3:  PROMOTING  BLUE  ECONOMY  MODELS  

INVESTMENT  AND  BUSINESSES    •  Exploring  innovaSve  and  creaSve  business  and  investment  opportuniSes,  

•  Establishing  strategic  policies  to  promote  blue  economy  models  of  businesses  and  investment,  

•  PromoSng  integrated  mulSple  businesses  with  mulSple  products,  services,  revenues,  and  job  opportuniSes,    

•  Strengthening  public-­‐private  partnership.  

STRATEGY  4:  DEVELOPING  BUSINESS  CONNECTIVITY  AND  

INTEGRATED  INFRASTRUCTURE    •  Strengthening  naSonal  and  internaSonal  

business  networks  and  empowering  community-­‐based  businesses,  

•  Government,  businesses,  and  community  partnership  (public-­‐private  partnership),  

•  Developing  infrastructure:  transportaSon,  energy,  water  supply,  irrigaSon  and  telecommunicaSons.  

STRATEGY  5:  DEVELOPING  SCIENCE,  TECHNOLOGY,  AND    

HUMAN  RESOURCES  SCIENCE  AND  TECHNOLOGY:  •  Developing  science  and  technology  to  promote  innovaSve  

and  creaSve  economic  acSviSes  •  Developing  partnerships:  research  insStuSons,  universiSes,  

and  industries    HUMAN  RESOURCES  :    •  Developing  educaSon  and  training  to  improve  human  

resources  capacity  •  Developing  extension  systems  to  promote  innovaSve  and  

creaSve  busines  development  for  local  communiSes.  

STRATEGY  6:  STRENGTHENING  INTERNATIONAL  

COOPERATION  

•  NaSonal  and  regional  efforts  that  contribute  to  meeSng  global  goals  and  targets  in  achieving  sustainable  ocean  management,  

•  Ocean-­‐based  economic  development,  food  security,  and  trade,  

•  Environmental  ProtecSon:  marine  conservaSon  (marine  biodiversity  conservaSon-­‐marine  protected  areas  and  endangered  species),  

•  InformaSon  sharing,  science,  research,  technology,  and  human  resources,  

•  MiSgaSon  and  adaptaSon  of  climate  change  •  IUU  Fishing    

BLUE ECONOMY ZONE NUSA PENIDA ISLAND, BALI

Luas Masing-masing Zona 1. Perairan Zona Inti : 120,29 Ha Zona Wisata Bahari Khusus : 905.24 Ha Zona Wisata Bahari : 1.221,28 Ha Zona Budidaya Rumput Laut : 464,25 Ha Zona Suci : 46,71 Ha Zona Pelabuhan : 35,15 Ha 2. Darat Zona BIo Gas : 19,63 Ha

Zona Vaname Pond : 102,69 Ha Zona Farming : 618,72Ha Zona Marine Industri : 40,23 Ha Zona Desalinasi : 51,05 Ha Zona Home Industry : 102,09 Ha Zona Hutan Lindung : 2655,70 Ha Zona Wisata : * Hotel And Tourism : 2.759,45 Ha * Wisata Kuliner : 2,46 Ha

MMAF  

Sea weed Potency 464,46 Ha Utilized 308 Ha Production 103.204 Ton

Ocean energy Toyapakeh Strait 1.  speed 0,5 – 3,2 m/s 2.  1 turbine 40 m2 = 400 kw 3.  energy 100 turbinee = 40 Mw

Mangrove, animal feed and textile production Mangrove Forest area of 230, 07 Ha There are 13 species of Mangrove and 7 types of plant associations 5 species of water birds and 25 species of land birds

Shrimp (Vanname), Chitin and Chitosan production (Total area of 102 Ha)

Slaughterhouse, Maggot, Animal Feed, and and Biogas: Cow, Goat, and Pig

NUSA PENIDA : INTEGRATED REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON BLUE ECONOMY BUSSINESS MODEL

Farms and meat production 1.  Cows : 23.946/year 2.  Goats :143/year 3.  Pigs: 13.786/year 4.  Total: 37.875/year

 

Wind energy at Mundi Hills: 1.  speed 3 – 12 m/s 2.  capacity 9 unit. 3.  Power 740 kw equal with

225.000 liter gasoline =225.000xRp4.500 = Rp 1.012.500.000,00

 

Beaches and TOURISM (Diving) 1.  Tanjung Sanghyang 2.  Jungut Batu 3.  Ceningan 4.  Batununggul 5.  Toyopakeh 6.  Teluk Penida 7.  Pasir Hug 8.  Atuh 9.  Suana  

MMAF  

BLUE  ECONOMY  ZONE:  EAST  LOMBOK    

PEARL  Potency:  3.433,65Ha  ExisKng  area  :  1.628,15  Ha  Total  Product  :  0,20  tons  (2009)    

SEAWEED  Potency:  2000  Ha  ExisKng  area:  526,18  Ha  Total  Product:  118,975  tons  (2009)  

GROUPER  Potency:    509,40  Ha  ExisKng  area  :    9  Ha  Total  Product  :  12,60    tons  (2009)  

LOBSTER  Potency:  525,68  Ha  ExisKng  area  :  28,55  Ha  Total  of  Product  :  146  tons  (2009)  

SALT  Potency:    2.183,13  Ha  ExisKng  area:    205  Ha  Total  Product:  9.106,38  tons  (2012)  

ProducSve  salt  pond  :  205  Ha  PotenSal  salt  pond  :  2.183,13  Ha      Forest  Area  

DIREKTORAT  TATA  RUANG  LAUT  PESISIR  DAN  PULAU-­‐PULAU  KECIL                                          MMAF  

TOURISM  Potency:    Coral  reef,  pink  sand      ExisKng  area  :    1  hour  from  Lombok  internaKonal  airport  

Farming  Zone  

Forest  area,  Central  park  Techno  Park  Industry  &  Energy  Marine  Industry  Housing  

Tourism,  Culinary  

Salt  EvaporaKon  Pond  

Lobster  Grouper  Seaweed  Grouper,  Lobster,  Pampus  Argentus  Ecotourism  Pearl  Loligo  spp  

LEGEND  :  Plan  of  Main  Road  

Planning  area  boundary  

INTEGRATED  BLUE  ECONOMY  ZONE:    EAST  LOMBOK  

MMAF  

M  

Nursery  Ground  Shrimp  

Nature  

Shrimp  

Mangrove  

Leafs  

Animal:  Goats  

Waste  

FerKlizer  

 Policulture:  Milk  Fish  

and    sea  weed    

Fresh  Fish  

Silvofishery  

Integrated  Fish  and  Rice  Field  

Fish   Rice  

High  Quality  rice   Waste  

Animal  Feed  

Policulture  of  Shrimp  &Sea  weed  

Shrimp  

Fresh  Shrimp  

Sea  weed  

Dried  Sea  weed  

Foods,  Pharmacy,  texKle,  and  others    

Animal  Feed  

Restaurants  and  

consummers  

Waste  

INTERGRATED  AQUACULTURE    (BLUE  ECONOMY  MODEL  INVESTMENT)  

Eco  Tourism  

Duck  farming  MMAF  

MARINE  RESOURCES  

FRESH  FISH  BM  =  5%  Kapasitas  

8.028.800  ton  

Gracilaria  sp  Gelidium  sp  Prod:  28.500T  Eucheuma  sp  Prod:  10.500T  Eucheuma  cof  Prod:  93.500T  

Sargasum  sp  Turbinaria  sp  

SEA  WEED  BM  =  5%  

Fish  Meat  

Lever  

Fins  

Head  

Silase  

Skin  

Bone  

Canned  Fish*  BM  =  10%  

Kap:  415.000T  Frozen  Fish  BM  =  15%  

Kap:  1.541.729T  Fish  mill  BM  =  5%  

Kap:  176.245T  Fish  Oil  BM  =  5%  Kap:  Food  

Fish  Mill  BM  =  0%  

Kap:  176.245T  Animal  Feed  Material  for  Acessories  GelaKn  

Art  

Kitchen  Oil  

Pharmacy  

Animal  Feed  

Acessories  

Pharmacy  Emulsifier  

ArKficial  Teeth  Shampoo  

Soap  Pharmacy  

Animal  Feed  Drilling  material  

Paint  TexKle  Paper  Ceramic  Soh  Drink  Ice  Cream  

Cocolate  milk  Bread  Jam  

Photography  Paper  

Pharmacy  CosmeKc  

Water  treatment  AddiKve  material  for  high  grade  

woods  

JELLY  BM  =  5%  

Kap:  23.127T  

Karaginan  BM  =  5%  

Kap:  8.400T  

Alginat  BM  =  5%  

FRESH  SHRIMP  BM  =  5%  Kap:+/-­‐4700.000T  

CANNED  SHRIMP  BM  =  5%  

Kap:  415.000T  

FROZEN  SHRIMP  BM  =  5%  

Kap:  1.587.981T  

SHRIMP  SNACK  BM  =  5%  

SHRIMP  MEAT  BM  =  5%  

WASTE  

Pharmacy  Grade  

Industrial  Grade  

Food  Grade  

ChiKn  

Chitosan  

INTEGRATED  FISHERIES  INDUSTRIES  

MMAF  

Agriculture    (FerKlizer,  fungisida,    

bakterisida,  nematocides)  

 

ChiKn  

Medical  Grade    (oinment,  pharmacy,  and    

surgery  materials)  

Chitosan  

 Industrial  Grade  (Water  purificaKon,  paper,  

material  for  metal  deionIzaKon)  

Food  Grade  (PreservaKve  material,  

 fat  blocker,  taste    addiKve,    anK  collesterol)  

 WASTE  AND  HIGH  VALUED  PRODUCTS  OF  SHRIMP  AND  CRUSTASEA  

SKIN  OF  SHRIMP  AND  

CRUSTASEA  

MMAF  

WASTE  

HEAD  

EYE  Omega  3  

BONE  

 FerSlizer  

GelaSn  Food,  cosmeSc  and  Pharmacy  

Colagen   CosmeSc  and  Pharmacy  

MEAT  

Fish  mill  

Fish  Jelly  Products  

Oil   Fish  Oil  

MEAT  

MEAT  Fish  Jelly  Product  

Fish  mill  

OIL   Oil  

SKIN  

Colagen  CosmeSc  and  Pharmacy  

GelaSn   Food,  cosmeSc  and  Pharmacy  

BONE  

FISH  MILL   FISH  MILL  

Colagen   Pharmacy  

GelaSn   CosmeSc  and  Pharmacy  

Gill   Fish  mill   FerSlizer  

WASTE  Fish  Protein  Concentrat

e  

TUNA  

   

FOOD  SECURITY   MULTIPLE  REVENUE  JOBS  

MAIN  PRODUCTS:    FRESH,  FILETTE,  AND  CANNED  FISH  

MMAF  

-­‐B  

SALT  FOR  INDUSTRIES  

PURIFICATION  INDUSTRY  

SALT  FOR  CONSUMPTION    

Food  Industry  

 Catering/Resto/Hotel  

Hausehold  

Salt  Cleaning  Business  

 High  Quality  Salt  

ProducSon  

Q1  

Q2  

Q3  

Soda  Industry  

 Chlore  Alcali  Industry  

Pharmacy  

BITTERN  

IMPORTED  

SEA  WATER  

Standard

Standard

Standard

Salt for with Consumption Yodium

Import 1.400.000 – 1.800.000 Ton/Year

=  IMPORTED  

Imported 200.000 – 500.000 Ton/year

INTEGRATED  SALT-­‐BASED  PRODUCTS  

Employment                      Revenue  MMAF  

BITTERN  

BROMINE  INDUSTRY  

MAGNESIUM  INDUSTRY  

 OXIDE/HIDROXIDE  

POTASSIUM  CHLORIDE    INDUSTRY  

Bromine  (Br2)  

Magnesium

Potassium  Cloride  

•  Desinfectant  •  Halogen  material  •  AddiSve  material  for  oil  drilling  

•  Drug  •  Photography  •  InsecSside  •  SubsStute  material  of  Freon  

•  Refractor  •  Magnesium  Metal  •  Drug/Pharmacy  •  FerSlizer  •  AddiSve  material  of  texSle  

•  FerSlizer  

• NO  WASTE  

SALT,  WASTE  AND  HIGH-­‐VALUED  PRODUCTS  

Tenaga  kerja                        Uang  MMAF  

THANK  YOU