bluescape how do i get an air permit in california? webinar 3-11-14

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How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? A Practical Guide for Facility Managers March 11, 2014 James A. Westbrook [email protected] 858-774-2009 mobile

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This webinar was performed by James Westbrook, President of BlueScape Environmental to provide you with practical training from the viewpoint of a facility manager or project developer. For projects in California, you will learn how to assess whether a permit is required for new or modified equipment, to review the feasibility of meeting permitting requirements and rule conditions, to complete the steps for writing an application to obtain a permit, and to negotiate permit conditions with the air district. James can be reached at 877-486-9257. For a video presentation, visit BlueScape's YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3TkjQnDCaA. Also see www.bluescapeinc.com.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

How Do I Get an Air Permit in California?

A Practical Guide for Facility Managers

March 11, 2014 James A. Westbrook

[email protected] 858-774-2009 mobile

Page 2: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Topics  •  What  situa-ons  trigger  air  permi3ng  requirements?  

•  Is  an  air  permit  required?  •  Air  permi3ng  steps  in  California  

–  Preliminary  design  review  and  permit  feasibility  –  Applica-on:  fees,  forms,  rule  review,  New  Source  Review,  special  technical  studies,  etc.  

–  Applica-on  submiGal  process  –  Nego-a-ng  a  final  permit  to  construct  –  From  permit  to  construct  to  permit  to  operate  

Page 3: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

About  the  Presenter  •  Nearly  30  years  experience  with  air  permi3ng  in  

California,  more  than  100  projects  •  Power  plants,  industrial  cogen,  LNG  facili-es,  building  

materials,  aerospace,  refineries,  oil  &  gas  processing  •  Na-onal  Experience  –  California,  Midwest  &  Gulf  •  Solve  tough  air  permi3ng  issues  and  get  the  permit:  

-­‐  Develop  permi3ng  strategy,  quickly  obtain  permits  -­‐  Reduce  impacts  on  opera-onal  flexibility  -­‐  Excel  in  technical  analysis  tools,  emission  controls  and  modeling  -­‐  Develop  workable  monitoring,  recordkeeping  and  repor-ng  -­‐  Established  agency  rela-onships,  lead  nego-a-ons  

 

Page 4: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

California  Air  Districts  •  15  Air  Basins  •  35  Air  Districts  •  Similar  permit  process  •  There  are  differences  

between  each  district:  –  Fees  –  Forms:  general,  equipment-­‐

specific  –  Applicable  rules  and  

requirements  –  Emission  factors  

Page 5: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

diesel  engine  

new  coa-ng  process  

modified  paint  booth  

loading  opera-on  

boiler  

portable  sprayer  

portable  concrete  plant  

cooling  tower  

chemical  storage  

baghouse  

hospital  

data  center  

oil  drilling  

refinery  heater  

Title  V  facility  

heat  trea-ng  

merger  

third-­‐party  

con-guous  proper-es  

Page 6: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Business  and  Regulatory  Changes  Can  Trigger  Air  Permit  Needs  

BUSINESS  CHANGES:  •  Change,  expand  or  consolidate  opera-ons  

–  New  equipment  –  Modified  equipment  

•  Physical  modifica-on  •  Change  in  method  of  opera-on  

–  Change  in  equipment  descrip-on,  permit  condi-ons  •  Upgrade,  retrofit  or  replace  equipment  

–  New  or  modified  equipment  –  Change  in  permit  condi-ons  (not  physically  modified)  –  Emission  reduc-ons,  and  apply  for  offsets  

•  Change  of  ownership,  mergers,  acquisi-on  •  Rental  units,  exemp-ons  from  Portable  Registra-on  REGULATORY  CHANGES:  •  Comply  with  new  emission  control  requirements  •  New  Federal  rule  applicability  

–  Title  V,  NESHAP,  NSPS  

Page 7: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Why  is  an  Air  Permit  Required?  

South  Coast  AQMD  Rule  201:  A  person  shall  not  build,  erect,  install,  alter  or  replace  any  equipment  or  agricultural  permit  unit,  the  use  of  which  may  cause  the  issuance  of  air  contaminants  or  the  use  of  which  may  eliminate,  reduce  or  control  the  issuance  of  air  contaminants  without  first  obtaining  wri:en  authoriza<on  for  such  construc<on  from  the  Execu<ve  Officer.    Therefore,  equipment:  -­‐  Has  to  cause,  reduce  or  control  issuance  of  air  contaminants  -­‐  Has  to  be  within  jurisdic-on  of  the  air  district,  generally  a  

sta-onary  source  (not  portable  or  mobile)  -­‐  Not  otherwise  exempted  from  permit  requirements    Consequence  of  non-­‐compliance:  viola3ons,  fines,  even  an  order  to  shutdown!  

Page 8: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Permit  Review  Approach  •  Iden-fy  all  equipment  affected  by  changes  •  Establish  permit  ownership  •  Know  ways  equipment  will  be  used,  and  alterna-ves  •  Will  air  emissions  occur  or  be  controlled?  •  Facility  (major/minor)  and  equipment  permit  status  •  Sta-onary,  portable  or  mobile?  

–  Consider  portable  or  mobile  source  regula-ons  •  Take  ac-on:  

-­‐  Document  negligible  emissions,  or,  -­‐  Exempt  it,  contact  district  or  memo  to  file  -­‐  Register  as  portable  equipment,  if  applicable  -­‐  Permit  it  as  sta-onary  new  or  modified  equipment  

Page 9: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air  Permit  Exemp-ons?1  Equipment   Ra-ng  /  

Throughput  Business  Use   Exempt  from  Air  Permit?  

Diesel  engine   100  hp,  fixed   Emergency  backup  

No,  >50  hp  needs  a  permit  

Air  compressor   75  hp,  portable   Construc-on   Yes,  if  registered  portable  

Boiler   1.5  MMBtu/hr   Process  heat   Yes,  but  must  register  

Storage  Tank   500  gal  capacity   Diesel  storage   Yes  

Storage  Tank   10,000  gal  capacity   Gasoline  storage  

No  

Baghouse   2,000  cfm   Machining   Yes,  if  low  VOC  materials  

Spray  Coa-ng   200  gallons/day   Aerospace   No  1South  Coast  AQMD  Rule  219  

Note:  Source-­‐specific  rules  may  apply  even  if  permit-­‐exempt  

Page 10: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

New  Source  Review  •  Emission  increases  from  new  or  modified  equipment,  

exceeding  applicability  thresholds  •  Modified  –  physical  modifica-on  or  change  in  method  of  

opera-on  –  Throughput  change  without  changing  a  permit  limit  does  not  count  

•  In  California,  generally  for  non-­‐aGainment  area  pollutants  –  Ozone  precursors  (NOx,  VOC),  PM10,  PM2.5  

•  Major  source  facili-es,  special  requirements  •  Unit  or  Project  Based  •  NSR  Requirements:  

–  Evalua-on  under  CEQA  (project)  –  Review  of  impacts  on  nearby  schools  (project)  –  Best  available  control  technology  (unit  or  project)  –  Emission  Offsets  (unit  or  project)  –  Modeling  for  ambient  air  quality  standards  (project)  –  Health  Risk  Assessment  screening  for  air  toxics  (unit  or  project)  

Page 11: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Example  Permit  Situa-ons  -­‐  Test  1.  Install  3  new  boilers  x  1.5  MMBtu/hr  each  2.  Rent  backup  portable  diesel  engine  for  90  

 days,  un-l  electrical  upgrades  complete      3.  Mobile  gasoline  fueling  opera-on,  500  gal  on  a  diesel  pickup  truck    4.  1,000  gallon  closed  hydrochloric  acid  tank,  

 vented  during  filling  5.  Replace  10  boilers  with  a  4  MW  gas  

 turbine,  decrease  in  all  emissions      

Page 12: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Opera-ng  w/o  a  Permit?  •  What  if  I  find  I  am  opera-ng  without  a  permit?  •  Document  why  and  how  you  learned  about  it  –  you  will  need  

these  details!  •  Consult  an  aGorney  familiar  with  air  districts  about  poten-al  

legal  ac-on  against  your  company,  and  disclosure  needs  •  File  an  applica-on  with  the  air  district  as  soon  as  possible  

–  Depending  on  aGorney  recommenda-on,  work  out  with  air  district  –  File  forms  and  pay  fees  as  soon  as  possible  when  known  –  Amnesty  may  be  possible  with  higher  fee  payment  –  Air  district  might  allow  a  Compliance  Agreement  

•  Breakdown?  –  Has  to  meet  breakdowns  rule,  unforeseen,  no-ce  required  

•  Variance  to  con-nue  opera-ng?  –  You  must  show  good  cause,  beyond  control  and  not  gran-ng  

variance  is  taking  of  property  

Page 13: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Example  –  Opera-ng  without  a  Permit  ABC  Energy  acquires  a  cogen  facility  with  four  gas  engines  from  ZYX  Energy,  located  at  a  large  industrial  host  facility.      ABC  does  a  scheduled  portable  analyzer  reading  and  finds  that  NOx  emissions  are  exceeding  the  9  ppm  permit  and  rule  limit.  ABC  consults  past  records  from  ZYX,  and  finds  that  records  exist  of  similar  exceedances  that  were  never  shown  or  reported  to  the  air  district.  Each  -me  before  a  reading  or  source  test,  emissions  were  “dialed  in”  and  new  official  readings  taken.  Upon  inves-ga-on  ABC  finds  that  there  is  a  problem  with  the  air/fuel  ra-o  controller  on  the  older  three-­‐way  catalyst  control  system.  A  consultant  anonymously  calls  the  air  district  and  learns  that  this  is  a  common  problem,  with  NOVs  and  heavy  fines  recently  issued  to  several  companies.    ABC  wants  to  keep  opera<ng  un<l  a  fix  can  be  done,  what  should  ABC  Energy  do  next?    ABC  Energy  knows  that  a  fix  means  replacing  the  air/fuel  ra-o  controller.  This  equipment  is  part  of  the  emissions  control  system,  and  named  on  the  permit;  this  requires  a  permit  applica-on.  A  breakdown  cannot  be  claimed,  as  this  is  a  known  and  ongoing  condi-on  that  has  not  been  reported.  A  variance  allowing  con-nued  opera-on  could  be  possible  while  a  fix  is  made,  but  ABC  should  have  a  problem  making  the  findings  given  the  problem  was  not  fixed  by  ZYX  when  first  known.  AGempts  to  cover  up  the  problem  could  be  seen  as  willing  intent  to  violate  the  rules.    In  consulta-on  with  an  aGorney,  ABC’s  best  op-on  is  likely  to  file  an  applica-on  to  replace  the  air/fuel  ra-o  controller  and  perform  a  new  source  test  as  soon  as  possible.  ABC  Energy  should  nego-ate  a  work-­‐out  with  air  district  staff  to  con-nue  opera-ng,  paying  higher  permit  fees  to  mi-gate  any  excess  emissions  with  more  frequent  portable  analyzer  readings.    However,  full  shutdown  may  be  required  un-l  the  situa-on  is  fixed.      

Page 14: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Recommenda-ons  •  Keep  an  accurate  equipment  inventory  and  log  

books  •  Periodically  audit  facility  equipment  &  permits,  for  

changes  in  rules  or  exemp-ons  •  Establish  a  management  of  change  policy,  to  

evaluate  changes  for  business  ac-ons  •  Maintain  a  working  rela-onship  with  agency  staff  •  Hire  experienced  consultants  and  aGorneys  

–  Project  permit  design,  avoiding  opera-onal  issues  –  Address  issues  before  changes  are  made  –  Correc-ve  ac-on,  if  out  of  compliance  with  permit  and  rule  

requirements  

Page 15: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air Permit Application Steps in California

Page 16: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

What  are  your  Permi3ng  Objec-ves?  •  Get  the  permit,  move  project  development  

forward  –  Quick,  smooth,  hassle-­‐free  process  

•  Save  money  on  equipment  and  emission  controls  •  Avoid  mistakes  in  equipment  selec-on  •  Minimize  regulatory  limita-ons  and  constraints  •  Maximize  opera-onal  flexibility  •  Get  ahead  of  changing,  stricter  requirements  •  Allow  for  future  plant  expansion  if  needed    An  air  permit  is  a  cri3cal  piece  of  business  insurance  !!  

Page 17: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air  Permi3ng  Process  -­‐  Summary  

Page 18: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air  Permi3ng  Process  in  California  •  Permit  feasibility  review  •  Pre-­‐applica-on  Mee-ng  with  Agency  

–  Hear  what  they  want,  tell  ‘em  what  you  want  –  Find  out  about  and  file  for  Expedited  Permi3ng  

•  Complete  Applica-on  Package  SubmiGal  –  Fees  –  Cover  LeGer  –  Forms  –  general,  equipment-­‐specific  –  Technical  Report  –  emissions,  BACT,  applicable  rules  –  Air  Quality  Impact  Analysis  –  Equipment  Specifica-ons  –  Manufacturer  Guarantees  –  Site  plans  and  area  maps  

•  Applica-on  SubmiGal  Mee-ng  •  Agency  Completeness  Determina-on  Period  •  Agency  Applica-on  Review  Period  •  Nego-ate  Permit  to  Construct  (or  Authority  to  Construct)  •  Convert  Permit  to  Construct  to  Permit  to  Operate    

Page 19: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Planning  &  Feasibility  Analysis  •  Plan  early  at  the  drawing  board  •  Technical  Issues  review  –  “fatal-­‐flaw”  analysis  •  Data  development  –  project  design,  vendors,  geography    •  Issues  List:  

–  Best  Available  Control  Technology  (BACT),  by  unit  –  Prohibitory  Rules  –  exemp-ons,  limits,  monitoring,  recordkeeping  and  

repor-ng  requirements  –  Startup  and  Shutdown  Emissions,  Varying  Condi-ons  –  Emission  Offsets,  by  facility  /  project  –  Title  V  and  PSD  permi3ng,  by  facility  /  project  –  Air  Quality  Impacts  by  project  

•  Ambient  Standards  •  Health  Risk  Assessment  

–  Poten-al  to  develop  Emission  Credits  for  sale  •  Community  Support  and  Involvement  •  How  feasible  is  this  project,  what  must  happen?  •  Develop  a  Permi3ng  Strategy  and  Workplan    

Page 20: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Applicability  Thresholds  •  Emissions  calcula-ons  are  used  to  determine  applicability  of  the  following:  –  New  Source  Review    

•  Best  Available  Control  Technology  (BACT)  •  Emission  Offsets  •  Public  No-ce  •  Health  Risk  Assessment  (HRA)    •  Daily  Emission  Limits  •  Monitoring,  Recordkeeping,  Repor-ng    

–  Federal  Emission  Standards,  Title  V  and  PSD  –  Air  Quality  Impact  Assessment  (AQIA)  –  Poten-al  Emission  Reduc-on  Credits  to  bank    

 

Page 21: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Threshold  differences  among  Districts:  

District:   BACT   Title  V  (Major  Source)  

South  Coast  AQMD   None;  must  use  BACT    (policy  is  1.0  lb/day)  

10  tons/yr  NOx  or  VOC;  100  tons/yr  SOx;    

50  tons/yr  CO/yr;  and  70  tons/yr  PM10  per  facility  

Bay  Area  AQMD   10  lb/day  NOx,  CO,  POC,  NPOC,  SO2  or  PM10  

100  tons/yr  NOx,  SOx,  Pb,  VOC,  CO,  or  PM10  per  

facility    

San  Diego  APCD   10  lb/day  NOx,  VOC,  SOx  or  PM10  

100  tons/yr    NOx,  CO,  VOC,  SOx  or  PM10  per  facility    

San  Joaquin  Valley  APCD   None;  must  use  BACT  

10  tons  NOx  or  VOC/yr;  100  tons  CO/yr;    

and  70  tons/year  PM10  or  SOx  per  facility  

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Rule  Review  •  Your  rule  review  may  include  but  is  not  limited  to  the  

applicability  determina-on  of  the  following  rules:    –  California  Environmental  Quality  Act  (CEQA)  –  New  Source  Review  (NSR)  –  New  Source  Performance  Standards  (NSPS)  –  Na-onal  Emission  Standards  for  Hazardous  Air  Pollutants  

(NESHAP)  –  Airborne  Toxic  Control  Measure  (ATCM)  –  Preven-on  of  Significant  Deteriora-on  (PSD)  

•  We  suggest  looking  at  prior  permit  evalua-ons  from  your  air  district  to  determine  the  basic  content  and  structure  of  your  rule  review  sec-on.    

 

Page 23: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air  District  Rule  Structure  (South  Coast  AQMD)  

 

 

I.   General  Provision    II.   Permits  III.  Fees,  Including  Permi3ng  Fees  in  Tables  IV.  Prohibi3ons  ….  IX.  Standards  of  Performance  for  New  Sta-onary  Sources  (Federal  NSPS)  X.  Na-onal  Emission  Standards  for  Hazardous  Air  Pollutants  (Federal  

NESHAPS)  XI.  Source  Specific  Standards  ….  XIII.  New  Source  Review  XIV.  Toxics  and  Other  Non-­‐Criteria  Pollutants  XVII.  Preven-on  of  Significant  Deteriora-on  (Federal  Major  Source  PSD)  XX.   Regional  Clean  Air  Incen3ves  Market  (RECLAIM)  …..  XX.   Title  V  Permits  (Federal  Opera3ng  Permits)  XXI.  Acid  Rain  Permit  Program  …..  

Page 24: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Air  Quality  Impact  Analysis  •  Na-onal  and  state  ambient  air  quality  standards  – NO2,  PM10,  PM2.5,  SO2,  CO  and  VOC  (ozone)  

•  Health  Risk  Assessment  (HRA)  for  Air  Toxics  –  Cancer  risk:  1  in  one  million  to  10  in  one  million  cases  

– Noncancer  chronic  or  acute  risk  •  Agency  will  run  an  independent  analysis  •  Must  show  compliance  to  get  the  permit  

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Health  Risk  Modeling  Requirements  •  Obtain  modeling  guidance  from  your  Air  District  •  Define  your  area  as  either  urban  or  rural  using  your  guidance  •  Define  your  source(s)  as  point,  area,  and/or  volume  sources  •  Source  parameters:  exhaust  release  height,  stack  diameter,  exhaust  

temperature,  exhaust  flow  rate,  etc.  •  Nearby  Building  Dimensions:  height,  width,  length  and  base  

eleva-on  •  Iden-fy  sensi-ve  receptors  within  your  modeling  area  •  Imported  files:    

–  Meteorological  Data:  Obtained  from  your  Air  District  –  Terrain  Data:  Can  be  obtained  using  WebGIS  –  Base  Map  (Op-onal):  can  be  purchased  through  an  aerial  or  satellite  imaging  

company    

•  Use  the  results  from  your  model  to  calculate  the  maximum  excess  cancer  risk  from  your  project  sta-onary  source(s).    

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Permit  Review  and  Nego-a-on  •  Carefully  review  and  meet  with  the  agency  

– Much  can  be  nego-ated  to  allow  flexibility  

•  Public  Review  and  Comment  period,  if  applicable  –  add  30-­‐45  days  

•  Final  permit  issuance  for  construc-on  •  1-­‐2  years  to  complete  project  construc-on  •  Do  I  need  the  ATC  permit  before  I  can  start  any  construc-on?  

 

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Permit  Opera-ons  –  from  ATC/PTC  to  PTO  

•  Start  opera-ons  and  show  compliance  – With  the  permit  and  applicable  rules  and  regula-ons  

•  Monitoring,  recordkeeping,  and  repor-ng  procedures  –  in  place,  track,  track!  

•  No-fica-ons  and  protocols  to  agency  •  Emissions  source  tes-ng  •  Agency  ini-al  inspec-on  –  show  all  permit  condi-ons  are  met  

•  Upon  compliance,  permit  to  operate  (PTO)  

 

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Summary  -­‐  Air  Permi3ng  •  Establish  a  permit  management  program  

–  Inventory  equipment,  track  changes,  record  determina-ons  

•  Understand  the  air  permi3ng  steps  •  Get  the  right  resources  to  help  you  through  challenging  parts  of  air  permi3ng:  –  Designing  a  project  to  meet  your  objec-ves  –  Technical  studies,  emissions,  BACT,  modeling  –  Nego-a-ng  permit  condi-ons  with  the  agency  

•  If  you  need  it,  go  get  the  Air  Permit!  

Page 29: BlueScape How Do I Get an Air Permit in California? Webinar 3-11-14

Contact  Informa-on  

James  Westbrook  BlueScape  Environmental  Mobile:  858-­‐774-­‐2009  

[email protected]  www.bluescapeinc.com  

Connect  with  me  on  Linkedin!    

The  webinar  presenta<on  will  be  posted  on  Slideshare  and  YouTube  (search  for  BlueScape)