bluetooth intro

Introduction

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Session 1 - Agenda

Bluetooth Intro Applications and Usage Scenarios Comparison – WLAN, ZigBee The Market and Main Players

Bluetooth Architecture Controller Layers Host Layers

Bluetooth Radio Basics Concept of Frequency Hopping

Bluetooth Topology


What is Bluetooth ?

It is a cable-replacement technology

Named after a Danish Viking and King, Harald Blåtand (translated as Bluetooth in English)

Conceived initially by Ericsson

Low cost, low power, Short-range (10m-100m)

SIG Special Interest Group


What can I do with Bluetooth ?

Eliminating the need for wired connections between electronic products and accessories

Exchanging files, business cards, calendar appointments, etc. with groups of Bluetooth users

Transferring and synchronizing files between devices

Connecting to localized content services in public areas

Functioning as remote controls, keys, tickets and e-cash wallets


Applications and Usage Scenarios

Mobile Phones

• Headset• Handhelds• PC• Printer• Mobile

Phones• Cameras• Automotive• GPS

PCs• Mobile

Phones• Handhelds• PC’s• MP3 Players• Keyboard• Mice• Camera• Access Point


Applications and Usage Scenarios

Innovative Solutions• MP3 Headsets• Gaming• Automotive Diagnostics• Barcode• Music System• Monitoring


The Main Players

- Truly integrated single-chip Bluetooth system. - CMOS technology.

- Stack and Profiles-

- Single-chip radio processors, -stand-alone radio modems- Ultimate Blue Series

Single Chip solutionsStrong in Cell phone Market BlueLink series

- Single Chip solutions Stack & Profiles (WIDCOMM)

-- BlueTonium Series


Bluetooth journey

V 1.1• From Feb 2001• Low power modes• Isochronous connections

V 1.2 • Nov 2003• Co-existance with other wireless applications• Improved support for isochronous connections• Faster connection


Bluetooth journey (contd..)

V 2.0• Nov 2004• Higher speed

723kbps to 723*3 kbps

V 2.1 • July 2007• Ultra low power consumption• Enhanced security• Faster user response


Protocol Stack

Bluetooth

Controller

Bluetooth

Host


Protocol Stack

Radio• Transmit/receive packets on physical channel• Transforms streams of bits between physical channel

& baseband.Baseband and Link Control• The Baseband and Link Control layer enables the

physical link between Bluetooth units forming a piconet

• Bluetooth uses FHSS where packets are transmitted on defined frequencies in defined time slots

• This layer uses inquiry and paging procedures to synchronize the transmission hopping frequency and clock of different Bluetooth devices.

• Provides asynchronous and synchronous logical connections

• Takes care of encoding / decoding , Encryption etc


Protocol Stack

Link Manager Protocol• The link manager protocol is responsible for creation,

modification and release of links between Bluetooth devices.

• Authentication and encryption• Control and negotiation of Baseband packet• Controls the power modes and the connection states of a

Bluetooth unit.Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)• The Bluetooth logical link control and adaptation protocol

(L2CAP) adapts upper layer protocols over the Baseband.• L2CAP provides connection-oriented and connectionless

data services to the upper layer protocols with protocol multiplexing capability.

• Segmentation and reassembly operation.• Group abstractions.


Protocol Stack

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)• Provide the basis for all the usage models. Using

SDP, device information, services and the characteristics of the services can be queried and after that, a connection between two or more Bluetooth devices can be established.

RFCOMM• RFCOMM is a serial line emulation protocol and is

based on ETSI 07.10 specification. This “cable replacement” protocol emulates RS-232 control and data signals over Bluetooth.


Bluetooth Radio Basics

The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum spreading by frequency hopping in 79 hops displaced by 1 MHz, starting at 2.402GHz and finishing at 2.480GHz.

Uses GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) Modulation

Uses PSK (Phase Shift Keying) Modulation for EDR

BB Radio

Digital IFC


Bluetooth Channel

The channel is represented by a pseudo-random frequency hopping sequence & slot timing

The channel is divided into time slots where each slot corresponds to an RF hop frequency. Consecutive hops correspond to different RF hop frequencies. Each slot is 625 us in length. The time slots are numbered according to the Bluetooth clock of the piconet master.

A TDD scheme is used where master and slave alternatively transmit. The master shall start its transmission in even-numbered time slots only, and the slave shall start its transmission in odd-numbered time slots only. The packet start shall be aligned with the slot start


Bluetooth Topology

PICONETTwo or more Bluetooth devices using the same channel form a piconet.

There is one master and one or more slave(s) in each piconet

SCATTERNETIf multiple piconets cover the same area, a device can participate in two or

more overlaying piconets by applying time multiplexing.


Bluetooth Channel (Cont..)


Bluetooth Clock and Bluetooth Device Address

LPO Worst Case accuracy +- 250ppm

Standard Worst Case accuracy +- 20ppm

Obtained from the IEEE Registration Authority.


Packet Format

Standard basic rate packet format


Packet Format

Standard Enhanced Data rate packet rate format

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