bluetooth technology, standard and applications. assignment 2011 - 2 c15
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
1/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport
Bluetooth Technology
Standard and Applications
By
Student No 10020605
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
2/28
Mobil io ommuni tions
ni sit of l s, ort P g I Student o 10020605
Assi m i f:
Module Title: Mobile dio ommuni tions
Module ode: G106801
Assignment umber: 1
Topi forInvestig tion: Bluetooth Technolog , St ndardand Applications.
Aimof the Assignment: Toresearch and investigate the topicof Bluetooth and its
applicationsandpresent it bymeansofa formal technical
report.
overage Scope: 1. Introduction
2. Descriptionandexplanationusing blockdiagrams here
necessary
3. onclusion
Dateof Submission: Monday 7 March 2011 - 4.00 p.m.
SubmissionMethod: Printed Paper
General comments: The topicmust becovered from theviewpoint ofpresenting
toa target audienceof juniorengineerswhoare technically
competent but may havenodetailedknowledgeof Blue tooth
technology, standardand itsapplications.
Full drawing illustrationsmust be included.
Thecompletedworkmaybenomore than 15 pagesofprinted
material.
Printedworkmust bereportedusing 12 point Arial font using
1.5 linespacing.
Grading Subjects: Introduction/background
Literaturereviewwith references
nderstanding of the issues involvedwith thenetwork,Standardsand Protocols.
Analysisanddevelopment ofmodel andcontributions
onclusionsandpresentationandstructureof thereport.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
3/28
Mobile adio ommunications
niversityof ales, ewport Page II Student o 10020605
S mm
Thepurposeof thisreport is toshow how thisstudy has looked into the technologyof
Bluetooth, the Bluetooth standard, the Bluetooth applicationsandpresent it bymeans
ofa formal technical report.
Thereport will bepresented in threebasicsections giving:
1. Introduction/ Background
Thissectionwill show how theword Bluetooth cameabout and list what thisreport is
about.
2. Description & Explanation
Themainbodyof thereport will be in thissectionandwill go intodetail of the
Bluetooth technologystudy.
3. onclusion
Finallyanyconclusionsdrawnwill bediscussed here.
It isassumed that the 15 pagesofprintedmaterial mentioned in theassignment brief
onlyrefers to thepart of thedocument between the introductionand theconclusion
section inclusively. Therefore the final document mayb emuch largerto includeall the
othersections that makeup thisreport.
Acknowl m nts
Inproducing thisreport I feel that I couldnot ofproduce thiswithout theuseof the
internet and the Googlesearch engine forfinding thedocumentsre ferred to in thereferencematerial sectionof thisreport.
The following softwarewasuse in thecompilationof thisreport:
Microsoft ord 2010 sed towrite, format andcompile thisdocument.
Microsoft Paint sed toconvert andresize images.
Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Theslidesareproducedbyusing PowerPoint .
Internet Explorer Browsing the informationsuperhighway
( orld ide eb).
Adobe eader Toopenportabledocument format (PDF) files found in
theresearch.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
4/28
Mobile adio ommunications
niversityof ales, ewport ontents A Student o 10020605
Contents
1. Introduction/ Background ................................................................................. 12. Bluetooth Description & Explanation ................................................................ 2
2.1. What is Bluetooth? ......................................................................................... 22.2. Why this technology iscalled Bluetooth? ....................................................... 42.3. Bluetooth Enabled Products ........................................................................... 5
2.3.1. Basic Technical Questions Answered ........................................................ 6a. What Is Pairing?................................................................................... 6b. HowMany Devices an ommunicateona Single etwork? ............. 6c. What isa Scatternet? ........................................................................... 6d. What isa Piconet? ............................................................................... 7e. What isa Parked State? ...................................................................... 7
2.4. Bluetooth Standardsand Protocols ................................................................ 82.4.1. The BiggerPicture................................ ................................ ...................... 8
a. WPA .................................................................................................. 8b. OSI....................................................................................................... 8
2.4.2. TheOSI Model ................................ ................................ ........................... 92.5. Security........................................................................................................ 11
3. Conclusion...................................................................................................... 184. ReferenceMaterials....................................................................................... 195. Appendices..................................................................................................... 20
5.1. Appendix A - ................................................................................................. 205.2. Appendix B - ................................................................................................. 215.3. AppendixC -................................................................................................. 225.4. Appendix D - ................................................................................................. 23
Eq tions, bles, Sli es &Fi es
EQ
ATION1-H+B =BL
ETOOTH............................................................................................ 1EQ
ATION2-COMBINED RUNICSYMBOLS.............................................................................. 4
TABLE 1-BLUETOOTHCLASSES............................................................................................. 2
SLIDE 1-BLUETOOTHSURFACE MOUNT MODULE.................................................................... 3SLIDE 2-BLUETOOTH............................................................................................................ 3SLIDE 3-SECURITY RISKS &TRANSMISSIONEXPOSURE LIMITS.............................................. 17
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
5/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Contents B Student No 10020605
FIGURE 1-ASCATTERNET................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6FIGURE 2-DETAILED SCATTERNET......................................................................................... 7FIGURE 3-WIRELESS NETWORKS.......................................................................................... 8FIGURE 4-OSIMODEL,IEE802STANDARDS &BLUETOOTHMAPPING................................ ..... 9
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
6/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 1 Student No 10020605
1. Introduction/Background
Thename Bluetooth is taken from thenameof the Danish King Harald Blaatand
whosname translated into English means Bluetooth . Just as King Harald Blaatand
united thewartornregion, Bluetooth wouldunite theworldofcomputersand
telecommunications.
What is Bluetooth?
Is it a technology, astandard, an initiative, anapplicationoraproduct?
Thisreport will showwhat Bluetooth is, how it isusedand inwhat typeofdevices that
incorporate Bluetooth and theapplications that Bluetooth isused in.
Equation1 - +b = Bluetooth
What is themeaning of the orh+b in theequationabove?
Thereport will reviewsomeof the l iteratureandmaymakereferences to it.
Thereport will try to giveanunderstanding of the issues involvedwith anetwork, its
standardsandprotocols that maybe involved.
Thereport will alsomakeananalysisof Bluetooth, thedevelopment of the Bluetooth
model, itscontribution tocommunicationsandmakesomeconclusions.
Thereport will bepresentedinastructuredmanorwhich maycontainslidesand
information touchedon inanearlierreport on Personal AreaNetworks which was
authoredbymyself foradifferent communicationsmodule .
However, thisreport will beamuch more indepth stu dyof the Bluetooth element that
was touchedupon in the Personal AreaNetworks report.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
7/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 2 Student No 10020605
2.Bluetooth Descri tion &Ex lanation
2.1. What isBluetooth?
Is Bluetooth a technology, astandard, an initiative, anapplicationoraproduct?
Bluetooth isawireless technology, which isorientated towardsmobilitysuch as
headsets tomobilephones, therebyeliminating short distancecabling. Bluetooth
connectsbetween twodevicesonaone toonebasis thussimplyreplacing thecable
connectionandwasconceivedasawi relessalternative to theRS232 serial port.
Bluetooth hasaan IEEE standardand that standard that is fullycompatiblewith
Bluetooth v1.1 is IEEE 802.15.1
The Bluetooth initiative involves thefollowing companies:
Global technology leaders Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel and Toshiba founded the
Bluetooth SIG in 1998. Thesecompaniesarenowsupportedbyover1,000 other
organizationswith awiderangeofexpertise, including Widcomm, Inc.
Bluetooth applicationsutilise typical dataratesare 1Mbit/s, 2Mbit/sand 3Mbit/s
depending on the Bluetooth versionandalsoutilises frequency hopping.
Bluetooth is typicallyused in PDAs, mobilephoneandsome laptops
Class, PowerLevel & Operating Range
Class 3 devices 100 mWupto 100 metres
Class 2 devices 10 mWupto 10 metres
Class 1 devices 1 mWup to 1 metres
able1 - BluetoothClasses
Bluetooth usually hasa typical limit of 10 metres (33 feet)but depending on the
powerclass Bluetooth canconnect up to 100 metres (330 feet)away andoperates in
the 2.400 to 2.4835 GHz frequencyband.
The Bluetooth technology hasproducedaproduct that isused inotherproducts to
make them Bluetooth compliant. Oneof theseproducts isshow n inslide 1 asa
surfacemount module that complieswith v2.0 + EDR (enhanceddatarate)
specifications.
Slide 2 summaries thequestionofwhat Bluetooth is.
Bluetooth isa technology that hasan initiative, astandardandaproduct that isused
inotherproducts.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
8/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 3 Student No 10020605
A Class 2 Bluetooth module compliant with Bluetooth
Specification V2.0+EDR for various application.
Slide1 - Bluetooth Surface Mount Module
Bluetooth
So what is Bluetooth, is it a technology, a standard, an initiative, or a product?
Bluetooth is a technology
Mobility Orientated
Headsets to Mobile Phones
Eliminating Short Distance Cabling.
Frequency Hopping 1Mhz Channels
Bluetooth is a technology that has an initiative, a standard and a product thatis used in other products.
Slide2 - Bluetooth
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
9/28
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
10/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Pa e Student No
2.3. Bluetooth Ena led Products
e number of products t at are Bluetoot enabled is continuously rowin and one
of t e latest tec nolo ical announcements is t e new Casio watc w ic features
Bluetoot tec nolo y. e report on Wed 19th January 2011 11:44 AMat
ttp://www.watc s op.com/watc news/Casios Bluetoot watc could be a turninpoint$ .html says:
A new Casio watch featuring Bluetooth technology could herald a turning point in the
industry, according to a gadget blog, which praised the device
Casio's new Bluetooth-enabled watch could herald a turning point in the timepiece
sector, according to an expert blog.
LatestGadgets.co.uk said that no longer will people be using their watches just to tell
the time, they will have far more important things to do.
"Casio has just unveiled plans for a new watch that will be Bluetooth low energy
enabled using recently developed technology
allowing it to communicate with our smart
phones. All new smart phones will shortly
carry Bluetooth low energy wireless
technology allowing them to pair up with
networks of other devices," the author said.
It added that once the Casio watch is paired with
a smartphone it will be able to maintain the
correct time, notifying the wearer of incoming
calls or emails, while also giving the opportunity
to set phone alerts or alarms through a single
button press.
Recently, Nike and TomTom unveiled a new watch which links via Bluetooth to a
sensor in a running shoe to log data when out on the track.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
11/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Pa e Student No
2.3.1. Basic Technical Questions Answered
a. hat Is Pairing?
Bluetooth pairin is when two Bluetooth devices are wirelessly linked to
each other by the means of sharin an identical password or passkey.
Before the pairin can occur one of the Bluetooth devices must be setinto discoverable mode. Once a Bluetooth device is set into discovery
mode other Bluetooth devices can try to connect with it and a
successful link can only occur if both devices share the same passkey.
It is recommended not leave the device in recovery mode once the
pairin with another device has occurred, otherwise other devices may
try to connect with it. or further readin on pairin see
http://www.bluetomorrow.com/about bluetooth-technolo y/general-
bluetooth-information/bluetooth-pairing.html.
. How any evices Can Communicate on a Single Network?
According to the Bluetooth website:
http://www.bluetooth.com/English/Technology/Works/Pages/Architectur
e__Baseband.aspx a single piconet can have up to slave devices
concurrently communicating, although a much larger number of devices
can be link but in a parked state. Also a device can be linked to more
than one piconet which makes it a part of scatternet and the device can
be a master in one network and a slave in the other or a slave in both .
c. hat is a Scatternet?
A scatternet is a network containing two or more piconets. See igure
- A Scatternet represented below: The picture below represents a
scatternet consisting of three grey circles) piconets, within each piconet
are a number of devices the red dot represents a master devic e, the
green dot a slave device, blue dot is a parked device and the
red/green dot is both the master of one piconet and a slave device in
another piconet.
Picture taken from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatternet
igure 1 A Scatternet
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
12/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Page Student No
d. hat is a Piconet?
A piconet is a collection of devices occupying a shared physical channel
where one of the devices is the master and the remaining slave devices
are connected to it. Eachgrey circle in igure - etailed Scatternet
represents a single piconet and each dot within the grey circlerepresents a single device.The minimum of a master and single slave
forms a piconet.
e. hat is a Parked State?
A device operating in a basic mode piconet that is synchroni ed to the
master but has given up its default AC logical transport. ooking back
to igure - etailed Scatternet represents the AC logical transport
link and the blue dots the parked devices whichhave given up their
AC logical transport link.
. hat is a aster evice?
A master device on Bluetooth is the device that initiates the connection
however this device can then become the slave device by swapping
roles.
g. hat is a Slave evice?
A slave device is the device that is being connected by the master
device, once connected these roles may be swapped.
igure 2 etailed Scatternet
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
13/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Page Student No
2.4. Bluetooth Standards and Protocols
This section will look at the various standards and protocols that make up a
Bluetooth network how the Bluetooth network sits amongst other wireless networks
and whether the standard follows the OSI model.
2.4.1. The Bigger Picture
By looking at the graph in igure - Wireless Networks it can be seen
that Bluetooth only occupies a small space in the bigger picture of
wireless networks, where the range is very limited compared to the
other network types. The range being only in the WPAN area of the
graph and its data rate is also quite limited.
Although new specifications may allow forhigher data rates and a
greater distance essentially the original specifications did not allow for
this.
igure 3 ireless Networks
.
a. PAN
WPAN is short for Wireless Personal Area Network and as the name
suggests it has a limited transmission range.
. OSI
OSI is the standard model for network transport layers.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
14/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Page Student No
2.4.2. The OSI odel
The Bluetooth model maps onto the OSI model as shown in igure -
OSI Model, IEE Standards & Bluetooth Mapping below:
The OSI model has seven layers and the first two layers of this model
are shown mapped to the IEEE standards. The Bluetooth WPANmodel which fully maps the physical layer PHY), only maps the
medium access MAC) sub-layer part of the data link layer as the logical
link in Bluetooth is controlled by a li nk manager.
igure 4- OSI odel, IEE802 Standards Bluetooth apping
The first two layers of the ISO model are:
a. The Physical Layer (PHY)
This layer is the first and lowest layer of the OSI model and due to the
plethora of different hardware technologies makes this layer the most
complex, basically it forms the actual network connection.
. The ata Link edium Access Su -Layer ( AC)
It provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that
make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate
within a multi-point network. Wikipedia)
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
15/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 10 Student No 10020605
2. . . heBluetoothArchitecture
The Figure 5 - Bluetooth ArchitectureModel shownbelowshow the
how thevarious Bluetooth layersare linked togetherto form the
architecture
Figure - BluetoothArchitecture Model
The layersare:
a. he F ayer
Responsible fortransmitting andreceiving packetsof informationon the
physical channel, theRF block transformsastreamofdata toand from
thephysical channel and thebaseband intorequired formats.
b.Baseband ayer
A control path between theba sebandand theRF blockallows the
basebandblock tocontrol the timing and frequencycarrierof theRF
block. Shownasa linkcontroller it isresponsible fortheencoding and
decoding of Bluetooth packets
Also thebasebandresourcemanagerpart of thebaseband layer is
responsible forall access to theradiomedium .
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
16/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 11 Student No 10020605
c. ink Manager ayer
Within the linkmanagerlayeris thedevicemanagerwhich isalsowithin
thebroadband layer.
The linkmanager isresponsible forthecreation, modification, and
releaseof logical linksand theirassociated logical transports ifrequired. This isachievedby talking to the linkmanagerofanassociated
Bluetooth deviceusing the (LMP) linkmanagerprotocol.
Thedevicemanagerisresponsible for the functional block in the
baseband that controls the general behaviouro f the Bluetooth enabled
deviceand it isresponsible forall operationof the Bluetooth system that
isnot directlyrelated todata transport .
d. osttoController Interface CI Control
TheHCI splits the Bluetooth architectureorstack into two that is tosay
intocontrollerand host Figure 6 - Host ControllerInterface below.
Figure - ostController Interface
.The Bluetooth controllerpart issaid to have limiteddatabuffering
capabilitywith the host. TheHost toControll er interface implementation
isconsideredanoptional service.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
17/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Page Student No
e. L2CAP Resource anager
The CAP resource manager block is responsible for managing the
ordering of submission of Protocol ata Units P Us) fragments to the
baseband. Also the CAP resource managerhas some relative
scheduling between channels to ensure that CAP channels with uality of Service oS commitments are not denied access to the
physical channel due to Bluetooth controller resource exhaustion. This
is required because the architectural model does not assume that the
Bluetooth controllerhas limitless buffering, or that the HCI is a pipe of
infinite bandwidth. CAP resource managers may also carry out
traffic conformance policing to ensure that applications are submitting
CAP Service ata Units S Us within the bounds of their negotiated
oS settings.The general Bluetooth data transport model assumes
well-behaved applications, and does not define how an implementation
is expected to deal with this problem.
. L2CAP Transaction odel
Below is a model of the CAP transactions and how data is passed
between layers is implementation specific and the - CAP Transaction
Model is shown in igure below.
igure 7- L2CAP Transaction odel
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
18/28
Mobile Radio Communications
University of Wales, Newport Page Student No
g. Upper Layer
This is the system layer above the CAP where service data units
S Us are used these can be segmented and reassembled.
h. Lower Layer
This is the system layer below the CAP where protocol data unitsP Us are used these can be fragmented and reassembled.
i. Protocol ata Units (P Us)
The P Us or part of the P U called data fragments are used to
communicate between the CAP layer and the lower layers.
A P U is always started by a Basic CAPheader.Types of P Us
are: B-frames, I-frames, S-frames, C-frames and -frames.
j. Service ata Units (S Us)
The S U is used at the upper level which uses S Us to communicate
between the higher level protocols and the CAP layer.
The v Bluetooth Protocols says CAP permits higher level protocols
and applications to transmit and receive upper layer data packets
CAP Service ata Units, S U) up to kilobytes in length. CAP
also permits per-channel flow control and retransmission via the low
Control and Retransmission Modes. Also the S Us can be split into
smaller units called a segment which when put back together make up
the S U.
k. Reassem ly
igure 8 -
L2CAP S U
Reassem ly
igure - CAP S U Reassemblyis where in the S U segments are
being re-established into a S U from the segments received over an
CAP channel. Reassembly also occurs in the lower layer where the
P U fragments are re-established into a P U.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
19/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 14 Student No 10020605
l. Audio
Audiodoesnot normally go through L2CAP except when it is
packetizedaudiodata, such as internet protocol telephonywhich may
besent, using communicationprotocolsrunning over L2CAP. However
thenewaudiostandards thereare threenewmethods that use L2CAPlink theseare Audio/Video Distribution Transport Protocol (AVDTP),
Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile (GAVDP), and Advanced Audio
Distribution Profile (A2DP).
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
20/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 15 Student No 10020605
2. . . Data Packet Formats
Thereareanumberofdatapacket formats that operateoverBluetooth
but thebasic L2CAP headerismadeupasshown in Figure 9- Standard
BasicRate Packet (ConnectionOrientated B-Frame) belowalsoknown
asa SynchronousConnection-OrientedorSCO link.
Figure 9- StandardBasic ate Packet Connection rientatedB-Frame)
Although theminimumpayloadcanbe zerobytes theactual supported
minimum transmissionunit MTU size is 48 octets (ambiguousbytes)
and the MTU limits thepayloadsizesso thisneeds tobe taken into
account.
Figure10 - ConnectionlessChannel Basic ate Packet G -Frame)
Figure 10 - ConnectionlessChannel BasicRate Packet (G-Frame)
shows the L2CAP PDUpacket onaconnectionlesschannel this isalso
knownasan AsynchronousConnection-LessorACL link. The PSM
canbe greaterthan 2 octetsbut will reduce thepayloadsizeby the
sameamount and thepayloadcanbe 0 to 65535 octets.
Figure11 - ypical Bluetooth Data Frame
Figure 11 - Typical Bluetooth Data Frame showa frame that hasa
lowerpayload than that of the B-FrameorG-Frame this typical frame.
The first 72 bitscontain theaccesscode, the header is 18 bitsrepeated
three times totalling 54 bitsand thedatacanbe 0 to 2744 bits long.
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
21/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 16 Student No 10020605
The header ismadeupof 18 bits that consistsof 3 bits fo rthe Bluetooth
device Address a total of 8 devices including themasterdeviceand 7
activeslaves. Next 4 bitsare the Type of frame thenext three 1 bit
fieldsrepresent the Flow, Acknowledgement and Sequence bits
finally followedby the 8 bi t Checksum and this 18 bit headersequenceisrepeated 3 times totalling 54 bits.
Thus the largerSDUsarebrokendown to the PDUs fortransmitting
with a fewadditionbits that makeup the Bluetooth transmission
container
I-frames,
S-frames,
C-frames
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
22/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 17 Student No 10020605
2.5. Security
Howsecure isa Bluetooth device?
Security ssue / Vulnerability Bluetooth Comments
SharedMaster
eyAbetterbroadcast keying system is
needed
NoUserAuthentication
Onlydeviceauthentication ismandatory, application
userauthentication isoptional.
evice
ey Sharing
avesdropping
Anotherusermaybeable to gainunauthorisedaccess todatabetween twootherusersbycorrupt
means.
Compromiseofprivacywhena
deviceaddress iscaptured
associatedwith aparticu laruser.
Once theaddress isassociated
with aparticularuser, that useractivitiescanbe loggedwhich willresult in lossofprivacy
End toEndsecuritynot performed
Individual link areencrypted
authorised, howeverapplicationsabove these linkscanbedevelopedandutilised tobreach
securityasdata isdecryptedatintermediate links.
imited Security Services
Audit, non-repudiation, andother
servicesdonot exist.
Viruses
en ial of Serv ice
attacksvia the internet orvia
ema ils
Vulnerabilityofdata to thirdpartyproviders
BodyArea Current Li
its
roposed
Li
its
(Both)Public Wor kers
Basic
restrictions
(Frequency 10
MHz 10
Hz) Wholebody SAR
0.0
W /kg
0.
W/kg 0.
W/kg
ocalized
SAR(), head
and torso
1.6
W/kg
W/kg 10 W/kg
ocalized
SAR, limbs
W/kg
20 W/kg 25 W/kg
Security Trans ission posure Li itsRisks
Slide 3 - Security Risks & Trans ission posure Li its
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
23/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 18 Student No 10020605
3. Conclusion
IEEE 802.15.1: BluetoothIEEE 802.15.3:High datarateWPAN IEEE 802.15.4: LowdatarateWPAN
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
24/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 19 Student No 10020605
4. eference Materials
Personal AreaNetworks report bystudent 10020605
Why thename Bluetooth namewaschosen:
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070205052400AAJ3AVA
CasioWatch Report:http://www.watchshop.com/watchnews/Casios-Bluetooth-watch-
could-be-a-turning-point 800351083.html
Bluetooth Pairing:http://www.bluetomorrow.com/about -bluetooth-technology/general-
bluetooth-information/bluetooth-pairing.html.
Bluetooth URL:http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Technology/ Building/Specifications/
BluetoothTutorial URL:http://www.palowireless.com/infotooth/tutorial.asp
Bluetooth DefinitionsURL:
http://www.bluetooth.com/English/Technology/Pages/Glossary.aspx
Bluetooth OSI Mapping URL:http://progtutorials.tripod.com/Bluetooth Technology.htm
Bluetooth ArchitectureURL:
http://www.bluetooth.com/English/Technology/Works/Pages/Core_System_Architecture.as
px#3
Bluetooth ArchitectureOverviewby Dr.Chatschik Bisdikian
IEEE802.15: Bluetooth overview
http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/1999/Sep99/Misc/IEEE8021509_14_1999 -r2.ppt
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
25/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 20 Student No 10020605
5.Appendices
5.1. Appendix A -
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
26/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 21 Student No 10020605
5.2. Appendix B -
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
27/28
MobileRadioCommunications
UniversityofWales, Newport Page 22 Student No 10020605
5.3. Appendix C -
-
8/6/2019 Bluetooth Technology, Standard and Applications. Assignment 2011 - 2 C15
28/28
MobileRadioCommunications
5.4. Appendix D -