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Page 1: BM Version Forward Exit - smkttdi.edu.my · 3.1 Human Excretion Excretion is a process which organisms undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy The

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Page 2: BM Version Forward Exit - smkttdi.edu.my · 3.1 Human Excretion Excretion is a process which organisms undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy The

Chapter 3 : Excretion 3.1 Human Excretion Human excretion Excretory organs and excretory products The importance of excretion 3.2 The Urinary Systems in Humans The human urinary system Structure of the kidney Function of the kidney Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys Living with kidney failure 3.3 Excretion in Plants Excretion in plants

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3.1 Human Excretion

Excretion is a process which organisms undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy

The urinary system eliminates wastes from the blood and controls blood concentration by removing excess water produced by body cells via respiration

The three excretory organs of a human are skin, lungs and kidneys

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3.1 Human Excretion

Skin Method of excretion : Produces sweat Excretory materials : Water, urea and mineral salts

Excretory organs and excretory products

Hair Sweat pore

Sweat duct

Sweat gland

Blood capillary

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3.1 Human Excretion

Lungs Method of excretion : Releases water vapour Excretory materials : Water and carbon dioxide

Trachea Lungs

Bronchus

Bronchiole

Alveolus

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3.1 Human Excretion

Kidneys Method of excretion : Produces urine Excretory materials : Water, urea and salts

Vena cava Aorta

Left kidney Right kidney

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3.1 Human Excretion

To maintain health To regulate blood concentration To regulate body temperature

The importance of excretion

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3.2 The Human Urinary System The human urinary system

Excretory organ that removes wastes from the blood into the urine

Kidney Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Ureter

Temporary storage for the urine before removal

Bladder

Tube that carries urine from the bladder for removal

Urethra

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3.2 The Urinary System in Humans

Structure of the kidney

Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system Human kidneys are bean-shaped and are reddish

brown

Renal artery

Capsule Cortex

Pelvis Renal artery Renal vein

Medulla

Ureter

Knot of blood capillaries

Tubule

Collecting duct

Impured blood

Cleaned blood

Renal vein

Ureter

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3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Functions of the kidney

To filter blood and remove urea, excess mineral salts and water to form urine

Keep the water and mineral contents of our body in balance

Control the amount of mineral salts in the body fluid

To maintain the pH of blood and tissue fluid

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3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys

To avoid kidney diseases and kidney failure Ways to maintain healthy kidney’s * Drinking plenty of water * Avoid taking food and medicine that harm the kidneys * Limiting salt and protein intake * Taking urine and blood tests

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3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Living with kidney failure

Two ways to treat kidney failure: * Dialysis (a) Carried out with the use of a machine (b) Blood is withdrawn from an artery in the arm or leg and is circulated through the machine before being returned to the same vein * Kidney transplant

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3.3 Excretion in Plants Plants excrete water, mineral salts, oxygen,

carbon dioxide and other nitrogenous wastes Plants excrete their waste products by simple

diffusion through the cell wall and through the stomata

Mineral salts are remove mainly through crystal formation in the plant

Nitrogenous wastes in plants are normally removed as complex substances. These substances are removed when plants shed their flowers, leaves or bark

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The End

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Bab 3 : Perkumuhan 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan manusia Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan Kepentingan perkumuhan 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia Struktur ginjal Fungsi ginjal Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal 3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Perkumuhan dalam tumbuhan

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan adalah proses menyingkirkan

bahan toksik daripada badan untuk mengekalkan kesihatan sebarang organisma

Sistem urinari menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah dan mengawal kepekatan darah dengan menyingkirkan lebihan air yang terhasil oleh sel badan melalui respirasi

Tiga organ perkumuhan manusia ialah kulit, peparu dan ginjal

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Kulit Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan peluh Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam mineral

Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan

Rambut Liang peluh

Salur peluh

Kelenjar peluh

Kapilari darah

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Peparu Kaedah perkumuhan : Membebaskan wap air Bahan kumuh : Air dan karbon

dioksida

Trakea Peparu

Bronkus

Bronkiol

Alveolus

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Ginjal Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan air kencing Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam

Vena kava Aorta

Ginjal kiri Ginjal kanan

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Mengekalkan kesihatan Mengawal kepekatan darah Mengawal suhu badan

Kepentingan perkumuhan

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia

Organ perkumuhan yang menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah ke dalam air kencing

Ginjal Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada ginjal ke pundi kencing

Ureter

Simpanan sementara bagi air kencing sebelum disingkirkan

Pundi kencing

Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada pundi kencing untuk disingkirkan

Uretra

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Struktur ginjal

Ginjal adalah organ utama sistem urinari Ginjal manusia berbentuk kacang dang merah

keperangan

Arteri ginjal

Kapsul Kortex

Pelvis Arteri ginjal Vena ginjal

Medulla

Ureter

Knot kapilari darah

Tubul

Salur pengumpul

Darah tidak tulen

Darah bersih

Vena ginjal

Ureter

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Fungsi ginjal

Menapis darah dan menyingkir urea, garam mineral berlebihan dan air yang membentuk air kencing

Memastikan air dan mineral dalam badan kita seimbang

Mengawal jumlah garam mineral dalam aliran badan

Mengekalkan pH darah dan aliran tisu

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat

Mengelakkan penyakit ginjal dan kegagalan ginjal Cara mengekalkan kesihatan ginjal * Minum banyak air putih * Mengelakkan pengambilan makanan dan ubatan yang berbahaya kepada ginjal * Mengehadkan pengambilan garam dan protein * Mengambil ujian darah dan air kencing

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal

Dua cara merawat kegagalan ginjal : * Dialisis (a) Mengeluarkan dengan menggunakan mesin (b) Darah dikeluarkan daripada arteri di lengan atau kaki dan diedarkan melalui mesin sebelum dikembalikan ke vena yang sama * Pemindahan ginjal

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3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan air, garam mineral,

oksigen, karbon dioksida dan buangan bernitrogen yang lain

Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan bahan buangannya dengan cara pembauran ringkas melalui dinding sel dan stoma

Garam mineral disingkirkan melalaui pembentukan hablur dalam tumbuhan

Bahan bernitrogen dalam tumbuhan biasanya disingkirkan sebagai bahan komples,. Bahan-bahan ini disingkirkan apabila tumbuhan menggugurkan bunganya, daun atau kulit kayunya

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