bm3 introduction to english linguistics part ii
DESCRIPTION
BM3 Introduction to English Linguistics Part II. Session 2: Phonetics. Who am I? Rebecca Carroll, M.A. Contact options: Stud.IP A 10 1-103 / phone 0441-798 3181 Email: [email protected] All information can be found on my homepage: www.staff.uni-oldenburg.de/rebecca.carroll. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BM3Introduction to English Linguistics
Part II
Session 2: Phonetics
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Who am I?
Rebecca Carroll, M.A.
Contact options:
• Stud.IP• A 10 1-103 / phone 0441-798 3181• Email: [email protected]
All information can be found on my homepage:
www.staff.uni-oldenburg.de/rebecca.carroll
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Literature
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyams, N. (2006). An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Wadsworth.
Roach, P. (2000). English Phonetics & Phonology – A Practical Course. 3rd ed. Cambridge: CUP.
Ladefoged, P. (2006). A Course in Phonetics. 5th ed.
Hanke, J. & Intemann, F. (2000). The Interactive Introduction to Linguistics. CD ROM. Version 2.0. München: Hueber.
See Handapparat for further introductory books
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Any Questions So Far?
• Organizational• Concerning the lecture• Concerning this class
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Overview: Where are we?
• Phonetics/ Phonology • Morphology• Syntax• Semantics• Pragmatics• Applied Linguistics
(Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Textlinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, Computational Linguistics, …)
major areasof (theoretical) linguistics
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Phonetics – The Art of Articulation
What organs are involved when we produce sounds?
• Airstream mechanisms• Phonation• Vocal tract • Articulators• Tongue
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Phonetic Description of Sounds
• Phonation• Place of articulation• Manner of articulation• Lip rounding
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Places of Articulation:the Vocal Tract
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Places of Articulation:the Tongue
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Places of Articulation:Vowels
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Places of Articulation: Consonantal Chart
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Places of Articulation:Consonantal Chart
InternationalPhoneticsAssociation
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Manners of Articulation
• Plosive• Fricative• Nasal• Approximant• Trill• Lateral• Flap/ tap
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Co-articulation and Other Nuissances
A sound can be slightly altered in anticipation of the following sound, so that the articulators have to „work less“. e.g.
• Lips of an unrounded vowel (or consonant) can be slightly rounded in anticipation of a labial consonant
• Vowels preceding a nasal are typically slightly nasalized as well
Transcription issues:
• The length of a vowel is also transcribed /uː/ as in ‚two‘
• Usually, you will also find stress marks: primary stress /ˈ/ as in /əˈbəʊt/ and secondary stress /ˌ/ as in /ˌlɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/
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Your Turn!
Name the articulators/ vocal organs in the figures.
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Your turn!
Listen to the sounds and write down the phonetic properties referring to
Manner of articulation Place of articulation Lip rounding Tongue position (front/ back/ high/ low)
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Your turn!
Determine the sound of the following sound-descriptions and find an example word which contains that sound.
e.g. /b/ as in bat
voiced velar plosive unrounded close-mid front v.
voiceless bilabial plosive rounded open back vowel
voiced alveolar nasal neutral mid central vowel
voiceless labiodental fricative rounded close-mid back v.
voiced labio-velar approximant unr. open(-mid) front vowel
voiced alvolar lateral rounded open-mid back v.
voiceless glottal fricative unrounded close-mid front v.
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(Brief) Description of Articulatory Actions of the Word „Ship“
1. Starting point: normal breathing (how?)
2. Blade of tongue is raised against in the post-alveolar region of the hard palate; lips are slightly rounded.
3. Lungs are compressed to produce an egressive pulmonic airstream; air escapes through a passage along the center of the tongue causing friction.
4. Vocal fold vibration begins; tongue is lowered and moved to a high front position; lips are rounded.
5. Lips are closed to form a closure in the vocal tract; air is compressed, voicing ceases.
6. Release of compressed air by opening mouth, air escapes.7. Lung pressure is lowered and the articulators return to normal
(breathing position).
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Your turn!
Try to give the same detailed description for the articulation of (one of) the following words:
- this - bee
- those - shoes
- bang - myth
Pay special attention to details such as coarticulation, nasalization, voicing, etc.
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