bob blonski irr presentation crrc_ferro
TRANSCRIPT
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy
Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.
Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors
Cleveland, Ohio 44105
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
LBL
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Top of Colorant Layer
Elementary Layer of Thickness dx
Backing of Reflectance Rg
x
Kubelka-Munk Formalism
K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering Coefficient
Change inUpward Flux: dj = -(S+K)jdx + Sidx
Downward Flux: di = -(S+K)idx + Sjdx
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance
For Opaque Sample
K (1-R)S 2R
2=
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K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance
2K (1-R)S 2R
=
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Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientC=Concentration
K KS
CC
i
i
i
i
Total
STotal= i
i
= (1-R)2R
2
For a Multi-Component System
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Examples of Increasing Infrared Reflectance
By Modifying Scattering (S)
By Modifying Absorption (K)
Fire-Retardant White Paint
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel forHalogen Lamp Cooking
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Bohren & Huffman, 1983
Mie Scattering Theory
Extinction Cross Sectionversus
Size Parameter =
2*pi*Radius/Wavelength
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Rutile Scattering Cross-section
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Rutile Scattering Cross-section
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Reflectance of Rutile Pigments
Radiation from wood fire~ 1500º K black body
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At RiskSubstrate
0.2 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment
1.5 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment
1500° KBlackbody
Flame
70% Absorbed30% Reflected
30% Absorbed70% Reflected
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TypicalWhitePaint
Fire-RetardantWhite Paint
“Shedding Light on Firefighting”Photonics Spectra, Dec. 1995
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Cooking with Light
Hybrid MicrowaveInfrared Ovens
Microwave +Tungsten Halogen
Lamps
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0
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40
60
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100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ceTypical White Porcelain Enamel
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Titanium Opacified Porcelain Enamel
Glass with a high titania concentration is smelted at a high temperature
The glass is ground to form a frit powder
The frit is applied to substrate and fired
Titania precipitates from frit during firing
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
For example: Fe+2 strongly absorbs infraredradiation while Fe+3 and Fe+4
do not
In general: oxidized = “lighter”reduced = “darker”
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0
20
40
60
80
100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
High IR Reflecting
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
0102030405060708090
100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500Wavelength (nm)
Ener
gy
UV VIS IR3% 40% 57%
Solar Spectrum
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White Porcelain Enamel
0
20
40
60
80
100
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
0
20
40
60
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100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
High IR ReflectingNormal
Solar Reflectance = 80.4 Solar Reflectance = 89.9
Normal Infrared Reflecting
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
CamouflageWoodland
ArcticDesertUrban
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Conventional Photographic Film
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Infrared Film
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Conventional Film Infrared Film
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0
10
20
3040
50
60
70
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Buckeye Leaf
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Conventional Cobalt Bearing SpinelCamouflage Pigment
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Conventional
CobaltAbsorption
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250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Conventional Cobalt FreeCamouflage Pigments
CobaltAbsorption
Solar Reflectance=43%
Solar Reflectance=26%
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Ultralight Camouflage Netting System(ULCANS)
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Arctic Camouflage
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Titania
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ceZirconia
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0
20
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Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Titania Zirconia
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0
20
40
60
80
100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Normal High IR Reflecting
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel
0
20
40
60
80
100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
Titania Zirconia
Arctic Camouflage
Whites
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Insect VisionSensitive to Blue and near-UV
“Dark”“Bright”
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Zircon Praseodymium Yellow
0
20
40
60
80
100
250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 1250 1350 1450
Wavelength (nm)
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0
10
20
30
40
50
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing
Three Black Inorganic Pigments
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0
20
40
60
80
100
250 750 1250 1750 2250
Wavelength (nm)
% R
efle
ctan
ce
IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing
Three Black Inorganic PigmentsSolar
Reflectance
25%
12%
5%
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+b(Yellow)
+a (Red)-b
(Blue)
(Green) -a
L= 100= White
L= 0 = Black
ColorValues
CIELAB
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0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0
Wa v e l e n g t h ( n m )
x
EyeSensitivity
Curve
X X d=400nm
=700nm
Illuminant ReflectanceCurve
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0
W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0
W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )
A
Calculate Color CoordinatesY, x, z
For example: x =
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Calculate Color ValuesCIE 1976 L*a*b*
a* = 500 [ (x/xN)1/3 – (y/yN)1/3 ]
b* = 200 [ (y/yN)1/3 – (z/zN)1/3 ]
L* = 116 [ (y/yN)1/3 - 16
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Solar Reflectance of Gray ScalePVDF Coating: Titania + Black Pigment
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 40 60 80 100
L*
Sola
r Ref
lect
ance
Normal Black _____PB-28
IRR Black _____PG-17
Black White
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Solar Reflectance=25% Solar Reflectance=40%
L* = 57 L* = 72
L* = 30 L* = 61
Normal BlackPB-28
IRR BlackPG-17
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
A solar reflectance specification effectivelyfixes how visibly “dark” a surface can be.
0102030405060708090
100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500Wavelength (nm)
Ener
gy
UV3%
Vis40%
IR57%
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
“Cool Colors” Reflect SolarRadiation
Emit ThermalRadiation
Passive SolarHeating
Absorb SolarRadiation Emit Thermal
Radiation
Do Not
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Optimization of Solar-Selective Paint Coatings
Final Report- June 1982M.A. McChesney, P. B. Zimmer, and R.J.H. Lin
NTIS DE83001278
The Solar Heating and Cooling Development BranchOffice of Conservation and Solar Applications
United States Department of Energy
Do You Remember “The Energy Crisis”?
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Infrared Absorbing Pigment
Nanosized 30-200 nmCu, Mn, Fe containing Spinel
“C.I. Pigment Black 26”
100 nm
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Thickness-Sensitive Selective Paint
Thickness-Insensitive Selective Paint
Metallic Base Coat
Pigmented CoatingOver Metallic Base
Pigment + Aluminum FlakeCoating Over Arbitrary Base
Arbitrary Base Coat
AluminumFlakes
Solar Absorption = 90%
Solar Absorption = 89%
Thermal Emmisivity = 7%
Thermal Emmisivity = 31%
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Silver Coated HollowGlass Sphere
Infrared Reflective Visually ColoredMetallic Compositions
Spectro Dynamic Systems, LLCUS Patent 6,468,647
October 22, 2002
Same Nanosized InfraredAbsorbing Black Pigment CoatedOnto Silver Coated Hollow Glass
Spheres
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
ElectromagneticRadiation
CommercialPigments
MilitaryPigments
UV
Visible
Near-IR
Far-IR
200 nm
400 nm
700 nm
2,500 nm
15,000 nm
Weathering
Color
HeatBuild-up
HeatRadiation
FullSpectrum
Specifications
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible
CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy
Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.
Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors
Cleveland, Ohio 44105
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible