bob johnson rizzo lab uc davis plant...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ganoderma in the almond forest of the central valley
Bob Johnson Rizzo lab UC Davis Plant Pathology
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What is a forest?
dictionary.com “A large tract of land covered with trees and underbrush; woodland.”
Merriam-webster.com
“A dense growth of trees and underbrush covering a large tract”.
en.oxforddictionaries.com
“A large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth.”
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Almond acreage ~1.25 million acresOther perennial crops ~ 1.95 million acres
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Initial Objective
Identify the main fungi associated with wood-decay diseases of almond in California.
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G. adspersum G. brownii
• Two Ganoderma species were
identified in California almond
orchards, G. brownii and G.
adspersum.
• G. brownii is endemic to California
seems to be less aggressive and
infection was limited to a few trees in
older orchards or in trees already
suffering from some other disease.
• G. adspersum, previously unreported
in California, is native to Europe and is
more aggressive than G. brownii. It has
been found in orchards as young as 7
years old and incidence of infection
tends to be high.
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All Ganodermas are not created equal
a a a
ab
b b b
B
A A
B B
C
D
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
G. adspersum 1 G. adspersum 2 G. adspersum 3 G. resinaceum G. brownii 1 G. brownii 2 Control
Ave
rage
mas
s lo
ss (
g)
Ganoderma isolate
Decay of Prunus by Ganoderma isolates
fresh autoclaved
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New Objectives
1. Determine patterns of infection in orchards and possible sources of inoculum
2. Deploy molecular techniques for improved diagnostics and early detection of decay fungi in standing trees.
3. Assess rootstock resistance and susceptibility.
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0%
10%
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50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Per
cen
t o
f o
rch
ard
Orchard age (years)
Tree mortality over time for an orchard infected with Ganoderma adspersum.
standing treeswindfall treespredicted
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Sources of InoculumSpores vs. Root contact
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Somatic Compatibility groupings
• Pairings of all possible combinations of 30 isolates from an orchard block in Kings county.
• No paired isolates resulted in a compatible reaction.
• Several stumps contained multiple isolates.
• Results suggest spores were the source of inoculum for this orchard.
• DOES NOT rule out the possibility of infection via root contact.
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Inoculum survival in soil• 30 stumps of windfall trees from which G.
adspersum was isolated.• Each stump cut in half • Each half divided into 7 size classes• Buried in field• Re-isolate from one half at 7 months and
the other at 12 months
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size class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
average volume (cm3) 1820 910 455 228 114 57 28
recovery at 7 months 50% 36% 25% 21% 4% 0% 0%
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Harvest practices most likely contribute to spread
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Rootstocks?Table 1. Rootsock varieties included in wood decay experiments
Rootstock Parentage Experiment
Source
Nonpareil almond 1,2 TG
Hrse-East almond 2 TG
Hrse-West almond 2 TG
Arbuckle almond 2 TG
3-305 almond (P. scoparia) x peach 2 TG
1-107 almond (P. tangutica) x peach 2 TG
20-192 almond x peach 2 TG
Hansen 536 almond x peach 1,2 SG
Viking almond x peach x plum x apricot
2 SG
Empyrean 1 peach 2 SG
Nemaguard peach 1,2 SG
Lovell peach 1,2 SG
Krymsk 86 peach x plum 1,2 SG
Myrobalan 29c plum 2 SG
Mariana 2624 plum 1,2 SG
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Rootstock susceptibility to decay
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0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Ave
rage
mas
s lo
ss (
g)
Rootstock
Mass Loss from Ganoderma adspersum
Fresh Autoclaved
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Future Direction
• Continue surveys and orchard mapping• Expand into natural forest
• Spore monitoring
• Root stocks
• Shaker trials
• Bio-controls ?
![Page 24: Bob Johnson Rizzo lab UC Davis Plant Pathologycaforestpestcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/bob-johnson.pdf · Bob Johnson Rizzo lab UC Davis Plant Pathology. ... Other perennial](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041102/5edbd872ad6a402d666641fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Thank you
• Rizzo lab • Ian Good
• Almond board of California
• California dried plum board