bobby parker osteoporosis. overview definitions epidemiology symptoms treatment effects of exercise...
TRANSCRIPT
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BO B BY PA R K E R
OSTEOPOROSIS
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OVERVIEW
• Definitions• Epidemiology• Symptoms • Treatment• Effects of Exercise• Testing• Prescription• Conclusion• References
http://www.beautyhealthwomen.com/benefits-in-women
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VIDEO
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ
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DEFINITIONS
• Osteoporosis is a bone disease that thins skeletal bone tissue losing bone density over time• There is no cure for low bone mass and
osteoporosis, successful management is possible• Osteoporosis is directly related to Osteopenia
referring to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Currently it is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from this disease • Researchers estimate that about 1 out of 5
American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis. About half of all women over the age of 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra (bones of the spine).• Women can lose up to 20% of their bone mass in
the five to seven years after menopause
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Approximately 30% of all postmenopausal women have osteoporosis in the United States and in Europe• In 2005, the cost associated with osteoporosis-
related fractures was estimated at $19 billion• By 2025, the costs are expected to rise to
approximately $25.3 billion.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY IMAGE
http://www.iofbonehealth.org/bonehealth/epidemiology
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SYMPTOMS
• There are no symptoms in the early stages. You will not notice any pain or changes as the bones become thinner!• In the later stages, symptoms include bone
pain/tenderness, fractures, loss of height, low back/neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones, Stooped posture (kyphosis)• Since your bones are getting thinner, there is an
increase risk of breaking a bone because the bone is less dense.
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OSTEOPOROSIS IMAGES
Normal bone Matrix Osteoporosis
http://www.doctortipster.com/1333-osteoporosis.html
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RISK FACTORS
• Older age• Gender (females have a higher percentage)• Family History• Smoking• Alcohol Consumption• Low Calcium and Vitamin D intake• Low lean body mass• Diseases (anorexia, bulimia, asthma, cystic
fibrosis, celiac disease, etc.)
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DIAGNOSIS
• DEXA Scan (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry) is the most common• Quantitative computed tomography (QCT)• The World Health Organization (WHO) Fracture
Risk Assessment Tool (FRAXTM). It’s available online and can be used to determine the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture
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IMAGES
http://www.gorhams.dk/html/what_is_dexa_scanning.html
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PRESCRIPTION
The National Osteoporosis Foundation suggest the following five steps that together optimize bone health and help prevent osteoporosis• Obtain the recommended, age-related amount of
calcium and vitamin D per day• Engage in regular weight-bearing and muscle
strengthening exercises• Avoid Tobacco and excess alcohol• Education about bone health• Having a bone density examination/taking
medication when recommended
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MEDICATION
• Antiresorptive medications:• Bisphosphonates (alendronate and alendronate plus
vitamin D3)
• Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or estrogen agonists • Raloxifene, which is FDA approved for osteoporosis in
post menopausal women)
• Bone Forming (Anabolic) medications:• Teriparatide (Forteo which is a form of parathyroid
hormone)• Limited time on for postmenopausal women and men
with very low bone mineral density
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EFFECTS ON EXERCISE
• Mechanical limitations imposed on respiratory muscle functions in individuals with severe thoracic kyphosis• For those who only complication is low bone
mass, standardized exercise testing with precautions to minimize the risk of falling during the test is recommended • Regular aerobic, weight-bearing, and resistance
exercise training has been shown to have a positive effect on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine in post menopausal women
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EXERCISE TESTING
Methods Measures
Aerobic Cycle (ramp protocol 5-20 W/min; staged protocol 25-50 W/3min stage)Treadmill (1-2 METs/stage)
12-lead ECG, HRBPRPE (6-20)METs
StrengthWeight machinesFree WeightsHandheld dynamometer
PainFatigue
NeuromuscularGait analysisBalance
Pain Fatigue
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EXERCISE TESTING (CONT.)
Methods Measure
Functional6 min walkTandem gait speedStep testTimed chair sit to stand testADL/functional performance testsPostureQuality of life Scales
DistanceSpeedCountTry without use of armsFlexicure to determine the index of kyphosis (IK)
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EXERCISE PROGRAMMING
Modes Intensity/Frequency/Duration
AerobicLarge muscle activities (Walking, Cycling, Elliptical, Running, etc.
40-70% peak HR, METs3-5 days/week30-60 min/session
Strengthdumbbells, weight machines, etc.
75% of 1RM, 8-12 reps2 sets of 8-102-3 days/week for 20-40 min
FlexibilityStretching, Chair exercises
5-7 days/week with prolonged holding (30s as tolerated)
FunctionalActivity-specific exercise, brisk walk, chair sit, balancing exercises
3-5 days/week2-3 days/week
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POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluxTHfi-AE&feature=fvst
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
• Osteoporosis is the thinning of the bone tissue and loss of bone density over time• There is no symptoms in the early stages• There is no cure• Exercising and eliminating risk factors can help
prevent and manage Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
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REFERENCES
• American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). L. Dustrine, P. Painter, G. Moore & S. Roberts (Eds.), Illinois : Human Kinetics.
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/• http://www.iofbonehealth.org/bonehealth/epidemiology• http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410461• http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/502984_5• http://www.hazletonhealthandwellness.org • http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/osteoporosis-diagnosis-tests