bocad basic

14.02.2005

Basics I.– bocad-3D Editions –

Basics I.– bocad-3D Editions –

All information contained in this manual has been carefully collected. We cannot be held respon-sible for typographical errors or modification of individual program functions.

Program version: 20.503 , dated Februar 2005

Version of Manual: 14.02.2005

Am Umweltpark 7D-44793 Bochum

Hotline: 0234 / 9 64 17-85 Monday to Friday: 8 until 12 o’cockHotfax: 0234 / 9 64 17-86 12:30(pm) until 4:30 (pm)

eMail: [email protected]

Basics I - Contents

Version 20.000 14.02.05 bocad-3D Editions - I

Contens

1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1. History of bocad Software GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2. Hardware equipment of a bocad-3D workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. Establishment of a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1. Program starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2. File: New / Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3. Rules concerning directory names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4. Input of project data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Operating of bocad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.1. Program surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2. Symbol bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3. Pickmodus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4. The mouse in bocad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5. Keyboard layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4. Input of grid data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.1. Geometrical construction, coordinate directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2. Replicator sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.3. Axis-row-level names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.4. Structure: Modify properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.5. Create grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.6. Delete grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5. Main views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.1. Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2. Additional ! Main view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3. Create via grid elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4. Create via points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.5. Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. Creating points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.1. Rule of signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.2. Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.3. Angel, arc, circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

7. Creating of members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.1. Indication of the files describing members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.2. Shifting of members in longitudinal view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.3. Shifting a member with the help of member anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447.4. Creating of members in side view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.5. Creating of plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

8. Editing of members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.1. Length modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.2. Volume operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

9. Work on outline plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.1. Work on: outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Day of training - part1

Basics I - Contents

Version 20.000 14.02.05 bocad-3D Editions - II

10. Welded connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6210.1. Automatic weld seam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6210.2. Controls: Info Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

11. Bolted connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6511.1. Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6511.2. Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6911.3. Work on bolt groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

12. Backup procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8012.1. After automatic query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8012.2. Planned saving a point of procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8012.3. Saving when ending a session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8112.4. Behaviour in case of program crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

13. Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8413.1. Creating a phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8413.2. Changing a phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8413.3. Controlling and editing the phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

14. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Basics I. - General

Version 20.000 14.02.05 bocad-3D Editions - 1 - 1

1. General

1.1. History of bocad Software GmbH

1972 Development of a 3-D model for the steel constructionDecision in favour of a computer oriented 3D model which contained the firstideas at the chair for steel construction at the Ruhr University BochumBasic functions for operations in the field of geometry, hidden lines, etc.Development of a design language for steel construction companies

1977 Delivery of the first CAM program unitsShop drawing programFirst post processors for NC machinesFirst 3D CAD program for the steel construction (CADBAU3)

1980 Foundation of the bocad engineer community (GbR)First merely commercial installation of CADBAU3

1983 Foundation of bocad Software GmbH (31.08.83)Business goal: Development, maintenance, distribution and training of softwarefor the building industry15 companies use CADBAU3 as a mere batch system

1986 First installation of the graphically interactive version of bocad-3DFirst application now as well in smaller companies and engineering officesModification of the program name form CADBAU3 in bocad-3DFirst installation of the graphically interactive version (GKS) with tablet

1991 First installtation of bocad-NC

1992 Moving in the own company building

1993 First installations with MOTIF surfaceFirst installtation of bocad-3D Roof & Wall

1994 First installtation of bocad-3D Glazing

1996 First PC version of bocad-3DFirst installation of bocad-STFirst installation of bocad-3D Expert Tower

2000 First installation of bocad-PMRFirst installation of the new bocad-3D Roof & Wall moduleIAI interfaceFirst CNC -interface in metal constructionMembership in the Open DWGAllianceFirst installation of bocad-3D Expert Small Fabricator

2003 Starting of bocad-NC version 7.5

2004 Starting of bocad-3D Editions and bocad-3D Expert Small Fabricator in the versions 20with Microsoft Windows surface

Basics I. - General


1.2. Hardware equipment of a bocad-3D workplace

Monitor / graphics board

" minimum requirement 20 or 21inch CRT or 17 or 19 inch TFT mo-nitor

" graphics board with a minimum re-solution of 1,280 * 1,024 pixel

" Solution with two monitors is pos-sible

Printer

" Output of DIN A4 or DINA3

" Colour or monochrome" If possible HPGL2 or

PCL5 (or higher) or forpostscript

Computer

" Processor with recommended 2 GHZtiming

" with at least 512 MB main memory" Sufficient hard-disc drive

(0.5 GB für bocad installation and withadditional memory for project data)

" Operating system Microsoft Windows2000/XP or Linux, eg. SuSe 9.0

" bocad hardware dongle and valid li-cense

Plotter

" Output in DIN A0" Colour or monochrome" HPGL2 or PCL5 (or high-

er) or for postscript

Backup mediums

" CD/DVD burner" DAT drive" Backup in the network

Basics I. - Project


2. Establishment of a project

2.1. Program starting

The program starting of the bocad program can be carried out in two different ways.On the desktop (of the surface of the operating system) you will find an icon. Bydouble-clicking or simple clicking in combination with the return button bocad will bestarted.

Another alternative is to change via the start bar of Windows below the menu point programsinto bocad and to load bocad-3D.

bocad will be now be started and two windows will appear. First a DOS window will appear.Here the bocad program will be started.

The DOS window willbe registered automa-tically into the startbar. It should not beclosed while workingwith bocad-3D becau-se that will cause aprogram crash.

After the start of bo-cad the program will open with a license window which can be left by clicking the OK button inorder to get to the project processing of the program.

bocad licence window

Basics I. - Project


2.2. File: New / Open

Establishment of a new project

After starting the program a new project must beestablished before starting the design process.Choose the menu item File in the menu bar.

In this context you will also find the term casca-de (comprises e.g. Saving, copying, creatingof profiles, etc.) instead of menu bar. After choosing the menu File you must use thefunction New. A new dialogue window will open.Here you can enter the name of the project.

File cascade

Creating a new project

Display of already exi-sting projects. If requi-red, you can Delete oroverwrite with OK mar-ked projects.

Entry field for theproject name.

Here you will receive aninformative survey con-cerning the project datafor a marked project inthe left area.

Preview window for al-ready existing project-related drawings.

Basics I. - Project


2.3. Rules concerning directory names

There are the following rules concerning the project names:

" Project names are composed only of small letters (capital letters will automatically transfor-med)

" Special signs, such as ' ! " § $ % & / ( ) = ' as well as German special signs are not allowedand will be rejected

" Numbers may be used" Space characters in the project name are not allowed. Individual words, however, may be

connected by '_' (underline)

After confirming the new file name by pressing the OK button, a file for the new project will becreated below the project directory ([installation drive]:\bocad\project). All data concerning theproject will be stored in that file. Those data include e.g. all created members, created drawingsor parts lists, but also project-related settings you carried out in bocad.

2.4. Input of project data

After establishing a new project you can determine more details. These details are alwaysavailable in the current project and can e.g. be evaluated for the parts lists or the drawing ge-neration. The dialogue box bocad Start new project has two different input areas: the areaabove is for the input of project data; the area below is for the definition of a basic grid (we willlater give more details about that):

Examples for permissible names Examples for not permitted names

small_hallExtension of a STEELHALL

(no use of underlines)

roof_2004 canopy_(1265)

(no use of special signs)

Entry area for project data

Entry area for project data the ba-sic grid

Visualization of the basic grid at activa-ted preview

Basics I. - Project


Considering now the area above, you will find four entries. But there are more entries in thatbox. Click on the tab Details in order to make those entries visible:

Now you can set more entries. Theses entries can be modified later by the menu point Struc-ture choosing the function Project data.

Here no rules, such as during the determination of the project name, must be observed. Clickthe mouse in the corresponding line in order to enter the name (be sure to delete the defaultunderline; otherwise it will appear again later).

Tab for extended project data

Later editing of the project data

Basics I. - Operation of bocad


3. Operating of bocad

3.1. Program surface

The program surface consists of the main window with the menu, icon and status bar and theworking area. In that area you can open and arrange (member) views for your project proces-sing in subordinate windows.

Menu bar

The menu bar is below the header of the main window and contains all processing functions ofthe program (arranged according to subjects). Click a menu point in order to open the requiredmenu cascade.

Cascade

In the documentation of bocad the individual menus are also called cascades. There you willfind the functions of a selected menu. By clicking on the relevant entries you will start the re-quired program function.

Standard area for icon bars

Headline of the main window

Menu line Working area

Trace window (here minimized)

View windowStatus line

View window with basic dimetry

Menu bar in bocad



Status LineYou will find the status line at the bottom of the program window. It is subdivided into five hori-zontal areas. In the individual areas you will find information about:

Display of input readiness: That function will show you, similar to a traffic light, whether at themoment a program input is possible or not (e.g. during longer calculations or a security query).

1. Display of the message. After choosing a function via the menu you will receive informationabout each function you want to carry out.

2. Display of the currently chosen working or design step.

3. Display of the currently chosen pick mode (compare chapter Operating of bocad: pick mo-de).

4. Display of the phase plane. Here you see the phase plane you are working in. As long asyou do not create a new phase plane, all design Steps refer to Phase plane 1: design Stepp(compare chapter Phase plane).

Trace windowAn additional window of the working area opens automatically when starting the program andshows the bocad-3D trace in which you can find indications and possible error messages. Inthe first line of the trace you will also find the revision number after starting the program.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Areas of the status line

Program is occupiedProgram entry possible



The trace window has the same functions as the views windows. It can, however, not be clo-sed.

3.2. Symbol bars

All important functions of the bocad system can not only be realised via the menus but as wellvia categorised symbol bars. Since in real working conditions never all existing symbol bars arerequired at the same time - “and the simultaneous representation of some hundred individualsymbols would be extremely confusing” - , the necessary functions can be determined indivi-dually, depending on the working condition and habit.

3.2.1.Example: Activate symbolbar

Procedure

" Drag your mouse pointer to themenu bar

" Click the right mouse button in or-der to open the context menu (seeright side).

" Choose a menu entry, e.g. View.

Result

The context menu will be closed and,during the first choice, the chosensymbol box will be automatically regi-stered above, in the second line. The-re you can also remove the box andplace it individually at any place of theworking area.

If you have already activated a boxbefore and placed it to another place,it will be placed at the former place incase of a new activation.

If you open again the context menu - as explained before – you will see a check mark in frontof the menu entry of the selected and visible symbol box. That check mark indicates that therelevant box is activated and visible on the screen.

Trace window

The check mark infront the entry indica-tes that the symbolbox is already activa-ted, i.e. it has alreadybeen placed!

Via Line up you canarrange the symbolboxes automatically.By clicking the entryall activated symbolboxes will be summa-rized forward or up-ward, i.e. in a place-saving way.



3.3. Pickmodus

The pickmodus is a means to facilitate the easy and direct selection of elements which are veryclose together. The correct selection of the pickmodus thus makes it possible to work preciselyand to avoid unintentional entries. The activated pickmodus will always be displayed in the sta-tus line and permits only the marking of the elements listed in the following survey:

For many functions, the selection of an adequate pickmodus is a significant working step. If thefunction Delete a member, for example, requires the marking of a member and the pickmodusis set on pick points, at that place no member can be chosen and the function can only be ter-minated when an adequate pickmodus is selected.

The function-oriented working is an essential feature of the pickmodus. Any modification of thepickmodus will be valid for each step of the current function. Thus the pickmodus will not bemaintained until the next manual modification but will be switched into the latest modus or intoa reasonable default modus for every function and every working step. From that point of viewwe have to do with intelligent functions. They adjust themselves to the individual working pro-cesses and thus support in particular repeated design steps.

Members (catches member edges and edges)

Bolts (catches all connec-tions, except for pop marks, welds and struct. connections)

Member, bolts and points

Points (catches grid, pick and database points)

Text(catches any texts as e.g. designations of axes)

Weld seams(catches only weld seams)

Dimensioning(catches all dimen-sioning elements)

Plots-Lines (cat-ches graphic elements)

Any(catches any ele-ment types)

Free(enables free mar-king without refe-rence to elements)



3.4. The mouse in bocad

Left mouse button = functional button

! Choose functions:Click the menu entries by a simple pressing of the mouse button;

! Choose elements:Depending on the required function pick e.g. a grid, point or member by a simple pressingof the mouse button;

! (Individual) choice of element:Press the shift button on your keyboard and keep that button pushed. Now pick step bystep all required elements by a simple pressing of your mouse button;

Execution of the function Splitting members

First functional application Second functional application

Members (Indication in case of

this function)

First step:Select member to work on


this function)

Points (will here be manually changed to free)

Second step:Indicate section plane

free (stored from last

functional application)


this function)

Third step:Select waste side of the member


this function)

Pickmodus at the beginning of each working step

Behaviour of the pickmodus concerning function and working step

Functional

Representation button

Parameter button

The mouse on the mousepad leads the cursor on the screen.



! Confirm choice of element (individual):Confirm your choice of element by double clicking the latest element.

! (Multiple) choice of element:Press you left mouse button and keep it pressed. Now draw a frame around your selectedelements. Then release the button. When you draw the frame from the left side below to theright side above, all elements within the frame will be selected. If you proceed the other wayaround (i.e. from the right side above to the left side below), all elements which are positio-ned and in touch with the frame will be marked as selected;

! Confirm choice of element (multiple):Press the return button on your keyboard if you want to confirm elements you selectedwith the help of a lasso.

Middle button = Representation button

! Refresh representation:Press again the middle mouse button. Thus "empty surfaces" as the result of deleting ele-ments can be filled again with still existing elements (e.g. grid lines).

! Zoom in:Press the middle mouse button and keep it pressed. Now draw a frame around the area youwant to represent.

! Zoom out:If you want to return the last representation after zooming something out, simply press themiddle mouse button;

! Shift representation:Press your middle mouse button and keep it pressed. Now draw a narrow frame in order toshift the view. If you draw the frame from the left side below to the right side, the represen-tation will be shifted to the right side, from the right side to the left side you will achieve ashift to the let side. The same function can be achieved for the other two directions. the widthof the shift will be determined by the length of the frame.

Right button = Parameter button

! Load parameter box:After choosing a function you can load the relevant parameter box by a simple pressing ofyour right mouse button. In the parameter box you can carry out special settings for thefunction.

3.5. Keyboard layout

Especially in the case of frequent working steps the use of keyboard commands can be verymuch quicker than the input with the help of the mouse and menus. Such keyboard commandsor short cuts are also available in bocad.

Explanation of functions of keyboard combinations

The individual function of keyboard combinations is dependent on the context of the relevantapplication. Such contexts are:

! Input of coordinates,! Selection of element with a special polygonal Lasso,! Selection of command,! Initial contex.



Input of coordinates (K)In this context, the coordinates for further processing within the current command will be deter-mined.

polygonal Lasso (L)In this context, the elements within the polygonal frame for further processing within the currentcommand will be determined.

Selection of elements (E)In this context, the elements for further processing within the current command will be determi-ned (picked, selected).

Selection of command (H)Here you can repeat former commands which are also known as history function.

Initial context (I)After starting the program or if no command is activated you are in the initial context.

Explanation of keyboard combinations exceeding the context

The graphic Undo will be activated for each window. The indicator is the system menu icon.This window is protected against modifications in the model as long as the graphic Undo is ac-tivated. After deactivating the graphic Undo or closing the window or the drawing file the Undoinformation will be no longer available.

There is no additional keyboard input for the initial context. The following additional keyboardcombinations are valid in the context of the selection of commands.

BREAK (Interrupt.),CANCEL

Abort of the current command, leave the current con-text, return to the initial context

Ctrl+k, Page-Up Change into the context of selection of commands, atthe same time selection of preceding commands

Ctrl+c Copy of element references in the intermediate storage,abort of the current command

Ctrl+v Use of the reference element from the intermediatestorage at a coordinate which has to be entered

Ctrl+z Model-Undo

Shift+Ctrl+Z Model-Redo

Shift+A Refresh view (new drawing)

Shift+D Recalculate the current section, if necessary with call

Shift+U Starting graphic Undo for the current window, a redicon will appear on the left side above in the systemmenu

Ctrl+U Deactivating graphic Undo for the current window, ablue icon will appear on the left side above in the systemmenu

(minus) Graphic Undo

+ (plus) Graphic Redo

Ctrl+TAB Browsing opened windows in bocad one after another,i.e. activate and load into the foreground.

Ctrl+Shift+TAB Browsing opened windows in bocad in reverse order.



Explanation of the keyboard combinations for the element selection

Explanation of the keyboard combinations for the polygonal Lasso

Explanation of the keyboard combinations for the input of coordinates

The keyboard combinations for the context of the selection of elements are also valid for thecontext of the input of coordinates:

Ctrl+j, Page-Down Selection of the next command in the list

Ctrl+k, Page-Up Selection of the preceding command in the list

Enter, Return Execute the selected command and leave the contextof the selection of command

t Place pickmodus on members

s Pickmodus on members, bolts, pickpoints

p Pickmodus on points

b Pickmodus on any element

a Place pickmodus on text

f Free pickmodus

Delete Empty picklist

Backspace Remove last element from picklist

Return, Enter Confirm picklist, start action

left Go the beginning of the picklist, cancel selection

Right, Shift+Return Take over element from preceding picklist

Above, Ctrl+Return Take over all elements from preceding picklist

Below Reset last element

Ctrl+Backspace,Ctrl+Down, end

Reset last pick action (also Lasso)

Insert Load context dialog (right mouse button)

ll Change into polygonal Lasso context

ESC, BREAK (Inter-rupt.), CANCEL

Abort of the polygon admission, leave the current con-text, return to the preceding context

Shift+A Refresh view (new drawing)

Enter, Return Execute the selected Lasso polygon and leave the po-lygon admission

u Set origin and width for coordinates from grid

g Change into coordinates from grid

f Change to free coordinates

x Freeze the Y-coordinate, only X is variable

y Freeze the X-coordinate, only Y is variable

oo Orthogonal modus, the respective major coordinate direction is variable, thesmaller one will be frozen.

q Cancel x,y,o

Basics I. - Grid data


4. Input of grid data

4.1. Geometrical construction, coordinate directionsThe grid forms a cube (and can only be created in that form). The cube will be defined by theinput of the grid coordinates. The user chooses those coordinates at the beginning of everyproject. Here it makes sense to choose a grid with dimensions which are as similar as possibleas those of the design. You can use e.g. the axes for the building as basis for the selection ofthe coordinates.

A selected grid can always besupplemented by new ones(e.g. for secondary members)or be edited later. Thus, acube can also be taken as thebasis of the design of complexbuildings.

By defining the first basic gridthe position of the global coor-dinate system will be determi-ned. All grids which arecreated later refer to that ori-gin, even if the first grid will bereplaced by another one du-ring the design process.

The zero point of the coordina-te systems is in the lower rightcorner of the basis dimetry.The first grid receives the gridnumber 0. The following gridsreceive serial numbers.

Considering the dialog box bocad Start New project, the input of the basic grid of the building(tab Project/Grid) has three groups of input lines: One line each in X, Y and Z direction withthe corresponding designation of the grid (axis-row-level names).

Basic grid in bocad

Entry area for basic building grid



Basic information concerning inputThe basic input in x and y direction is always possible for relative values, i.e. the entered valuesdescribe the distances between the individual grid levels. The input of the value z will be madeas an absolute value.

That default value can be modified by placing the following abbreviation (incl. double point!) infront of the catchment's values:

r: r: for a change form absolute to relative values

a: a: for a change form relative to absolute values

You can also start with zero for the catchment's values. It can also be started with a negativevalue. If you use negative values the grid will not start in the original coordinates but in the cor-responding value before. In case of the following input:

x: -5000,1500,500,3500

the grid will start 5000 mm in negative x direction, then it will continue with a positive distanceof 1500 mm, 500 mm and 3500 mm. In this case the original coordinates are within the grid (theoriginal coordinates can be displaced via View / Edit / Properties).

Simple input of the values over individual sectionsThe following catchment's values will be separated by a comma. e.g.:

x: 0,5000,2500,500,2500

A grid will be created with the distances of 5000 mm, 2500 mm, 500 mm and 2500 mm.

In the case of z values the entered values are really levels and not distances like in the case ofx and y. Thus the following input has the following meaning:

z: 0,1250,2750,5200

That levels will be created at 0, at 1250 mm, at 2750 mm and at 5200 mm.

4.2. Replicator sign

Reduced input of values in case of repeating sectionsIf you have sections with the same dimensions you can reduce the input of values. If you nor-mally write e.g.:

x: 0,2500,2500,2500

You can also define the repeating distances as follows:

x: 0,3:2500

The result would be the same: In both cases, three sections with each a distance of 2500 mmwill be created.

Reduced input of values in case of repeating areasIf you have areas with the same dimensions, you must not enter the values for these areas asfollows:

x: 0,250,1000,1000,250,250,1000,1000,250,250,1000,1000,250

Alternatively you can also give a reduced input by summarizing an area in square brakkets:

x: 0,3:[250,2:1000,250]



If you apply any of both notations, three areas with a distance of 250 mm, 1000 mm, 1000 mmand 250 mm will be established when the grid is created.

Note: You can as well combine the different notations in one input line. In this case besure to separate the sections and areas by a comma.

4.3. Axis-row-level names

Standard designation of axis and rows

As a standard you will find in bocad numbers for the names of the axis - starting with the num-ber 1 – and capital letters for the names of rows – starting with the letter A. That allocation ofnumbers and letters is automatic if no other values are entered in the input lines for the namesof the axis and the rows.

Modified designation of axis and rows

You can modify the standard designation of the axis by entering numbers, letters or combina-tions of letters. All entries of a line will only be separated by a comma. Here you will find someexample for possible alternatives:

Note: The automatic designation of the alternative A’ which continues after B’ isfor the time being not possible because bocad refers to the last sign and not tothe first.

Level description

The default letter for the level description is K.That letter will be placed continuously in front ofall level indications. If you want to have special designations for levels you must enter the re-quired designation for each level. If you enter for example an additional designation after theletter K, only the second level will receive that designation. The following levels will receiveagain the first input - the letter K.

Grid designations spelled/numbered backwards

Depending on the input for the names of axes and rows the order of the grid designations canbe modified by clicking the icons / . Instead of continuing the usual way of counting orspelling the indicated letter / the indicated number will be spelled / numbered backwards byclicking the icons.

M By entering one letter or one number you will determine a new star-ting letter or a new starting number for the designation. If no otherentries are carried out, the letters and/or the numbers of the designa-tion of the axis will continue automatically.

G,First,H If you have exactly three axes/rows, these will be designated in theabove mentioned way. If you have more than three axes/rows, onlythe first three ones will be designated that way. The designation ofthe following axes/rows will refer to the last letter and/or the last num-ber and continue on that basis. Suppose the last entry would e.g. beFirst. The next designation of the axis would then be Firsu, thenFirsv.



Examples of input for grid elements

4.4. Structure: Modify properties

Later you can modify properties of existing grids, both of the entire grid and individual gridelements.In the menu entry Structure you will find the function Attributes in Grid element. When youload that function, a dialog box will open. In that box you can make the relevant settings formodifying grids:

4.4.1. Grid nameEach created grid can have both an unambiguous (automatic) number and a grid name. Nor-mally, that name will be immediately determined at the creation of the grid. But you can alsomodify the name later by activating the option Grid name in the dialog box Modify propertiesin the area above in Grid and by entering the new name in the entry field on the right side.

The same procedure is valid for the edition of the pen number. Here the old pen number forvisible / invisible must be replaced by new ones.

Grid elements Input Result

Axes and rows B B, C, D, E, .....

9,14 9, 14, 15, 16, ...

3F 3F, 3G, 3H, ...

Level K K [Height]

Floor, eaves, roofridge Floor [Height], eaves [Height],

Roofridge [Height]

Floor+, eaves+, roofridge+ Floor+ [Height], eaves+ [Height]

roofridge+ [Height]

Later modifying of grid properties



In order to make modifications visible after the editing process, if they not appear automatically,you should recalculate at least in the current window.

Confirm you input with OK and the box will disappear and in the status bar of bocad will appeara message explaining the necessary steps of that function: Pick axis-row-level 1. Double clickon any text element of that grid whose name shall be modified.

Note: The continuous recalculating of graphics would occupy too much capacity of thecomputer, especially in the case of bigger designs. You can, however, carry outany time a manual recalculating in any drawing window by clicking the icon .

4.4.2. Name of element

As well as you can modify the name of the entire grid, you can also adjust individual designationelements. For doing that load again the dialog box Attributes.

Note: If you have modified the grid name during the preceding step, you can now openagain the dialog box by clicking the right button of your mouse. This is a principleyou will always find in bocad: once you choose a function, it will remain activa-ted until you choose another one. So long you can reach the parameters of thefunction by clicking your right mouse button.

Deactivate, if necessary, the option Grid name and activate then the option axis-row-level inthe area Element. Enter the new name in the entry field on the right side and then confirm yourinput with OK.

Follow the information of the messages and pick one or several grid elements by clicking (foreach element) your left mouse button. Terminate your input by double clicking. The selectedgrid elements will now receive a new name.

4.5. Create grid

Additional grids will be created with the function Grid: Create in the menu Structure. In thatcase it has to be assured that all values of grid data always refer to the global coordinate sy-stem.

Entering of vaules for additional grids



The settings of the new grid including the grid name will be set the dialog window of thefunction. If you want to create the new grid with a distance in x and/or y direction referred to theoriginal point, you have to enter the values of these distances instead of the default zero value.Adjust the grids to existing ones in order to avoid that they are directly overlapping. Therefore,they should be continued in a logical way. New grids will receive in addition to their name aswell an additional, continuously upwards counting grid number for their unequivocal identifica-tion.

4.6. Delete grid

If you want to delete a grid, be sure that always at least one grid will be left. Therefore it is notpermissible to delete the last grid. For deleting a grid load again the menu point Structure >Grid: Delete. The dialog box Delete grid will open.

Mark the grid you want to delete by simply clicking your mouse button and leave the dialog boxwith OK. The query Delete correct? will appear. The grid will only be deleted if that query willbe answered with Yes - that query will appear, however, only if you activated before the optionDelete grid with query in the dialog box..

Basics I. - Main views


5. Main views

The designing process with bocad-3D is based in so called main views which represent two-dimensional planes within the global coordinate system. These working surfaces for the designprocess are defined by three points and each surface has an individual, local coordinate sy-stem.

The plane of the view always extends over the X and the Y direction with the Z axis showingfrom the plane into the direction of the viewer (similar to the three-fingers-rule). All functionsconcerning main view planes are below the menu point View.

Plane of main picture and coordinate system

XY

Z



5.1. Change

Depending on the working process it will be necessary to change current design view in themain view window. Due to the default setting main views for all grid planes will already be crea-ted when the project is established. Activate the function View > Main view: Change in orderto change into the currently displayed view.

All existing main views will be listed in the opening dialog box. The represented plane of thedesign can be changed by choosing a view and confirming it with OK.

5.2. Additional ! Main view

In bocad it is possible to dispose more than one main view in the working area in order to workin several views at the same time. For doing that you can open an additional main view via themenu point View > Additional view: Main view. As well as in the case of changing the mainview you must choose first of all an existing main view. After confirmation a dialog box will ap-pear in which you can adjust the representation type of the additional view.

After activating the option With new viewport and confirming the dialog box with OK, the pre-viously selected main view will be opened in an additional window.

Alternatively it is also possible to arrange different main views in one single window. For doingthat the option With new viewport must be deactivated. After confirming the dialog you candetermine with you mouse pointer a lower position on the left side for the view to be insertedby following the message Pick view location in an existing window.

Change of the view plane



5.3. Create via grid elements

Creating views via grid elements is comparatively the easiest possibility to create new mainviews. If you want to create views for new grid elements or to modify the properties of an exi-sting view, based on the a.m. procedure, you only need to determine the position in order todefine the view by indicating the corresponding axis, row or level.

The settings for this function are carried out after activating the function via View > Main view/Create in the dialog box Create main view via point-grid-view and then the selection of theoption Pick: Grid name.

This dialog box contains varioussettings. For the time being,however, only one setting is in-teresting for us. The optionswith axis or against axis permitthe selection of the view direc-tion on a plane. Here the globalcoordinate system is referred to:Against the axis means againstthe direction of the positive glo-bal coordinate axis, i.e. you mustdetermine from which side youwant to look at the plane beforecreating the plane. Lets take asimple example: you can look atany surface of a cube from theinside (you are in the building) orfrom the outside (viewer standsin front of the building).

Since this function permits to create various main views in one working process, the view di-rections for axis, rows and levels can be switched separately. If you want to replace existing

XY

ZX

Y

Z

View against axis ... and with axis



main views, you must also activate the option Overwrite existing viewport. Otherwise a mes-sage would indicate that existing views can not be replaced.

After confirming the settings with OK, the dialog box will disappear and you can pick grid ele-ments in any view. Terminate your input by double clicking or pressing the return button andthe new views will be created.

5.4. Create via points

The creation of the view via points will be carried out by indicating three points defining the pla-ne. The creation via points, compared with the automatic creation of a view, has the advantagethat the adjustment of the plane can be determined by the order of the points. Activate thefunction in View > Main view: Create and in the opening dialog box by selecting the optionPick: 2-3 points. Enter the name of the plane you want to create in the entry line. You shoulduse logical names for the planes so that the position can be easily recognized, e.g. axis_3,row_5, level_First, etc.

After confirming the dialog box with OK the message Pick plane point 1 between min. 2 andmax. 3. During the picking process the currently entered point will be displayed in the message.You can use the basic dimetry for picking the points or any other view or spatial representation.

In the later view, the first pikked point forms the origin of the coordinate system and is positio-ned below in the left corner of the view. The second point defines the direction of the X axis.Later, it will extend from the first to the second point and is positioned at the inferior edge of theview. The last point defines the direction of the Y axis. Here, it is not important whether thethird point is orthogonally on the first one, but that point is only there for indicating the directionof the positive axis. Finally, you must confirm that point by double clicking or by pressing thereturn button. Thus the view is defined.

5.5. Delete

All created main views can as well be deleted. So you may delete, for reasons of clarity, unne-cessary views from the view list. The only main view you can never delete is the global plane.

For deleting views choose the function Main view: Delete in the menu View. In the dialog win-dow of that function all existing views are listed. You select individual views by mouse clickingand confirming with OK.



Examples for creating views

The following examples shall give a practical understanding of the function of the describedcreation of views via points. The main focus will be on the connection between the picking or-der of the three plane points and the resulting view.

Picked plane and viewdirection

Example 1

First point: B1/bottomlevel(origin)

Second point: A1/Bot-tom level(defined X axis)

Third point: B1/level3000(defined Y axis)

X

Y

Example 1:Created main view

The result is a place corre-sponding to the grid element(axis 1). The viewer is outsidethe building looking at the in-terior of the building.

1.

2.

3.



Example 2

First point: B2/Bottomlevel (Origin)

Second point: B1/Bot-tom level (defined X axis)


Picked plane and viewdirection

X

Y

The result of this point order isa plane (grid element row B)which are viewed from the in-terior of the building.

Example 2:Created main view

1.

2.

3.



Example 3:

First point: !1/level 3000 (origin)

Second point: A2/level3000 (defined X axis)


X

Y

Picked plane and view direction

The result is a roof plane.The viewer looks from out-side at this inclined plane.

Example 3: Created main view

1.

2.

3.

Basics I. - Points


6. Creating points

When designing with bocad, the designer/engineer orientates himself with the help of differentspatial points. That may be points created by grids (grid points) or by a member (e.g. outlinepoints of a HEA profile) or via the menu point Points. In bocad there is a classification of dif-ferent types of points.

Grid points

Grid points are created via the grid input (compare Input of grid data). They are representedas ⊗ and are visible in all views and can only be deleted together with the grid elements.

Pick points

Pick points are created via the menu Points or the symbol bar Points Normal. They are onlyvisible in the view in which they were created and are represented as ⊗ , like grid points. Theycan either be deleted via the menu point Points (function Delete point) or via the symbol De-lete point.

DB-points

DB-points are created by transforming existing grid or pick points. DB-points are visible in anyview and are represented with a drawback line and a serial number.

You can delete them via the function Points > Delete point with the setting DB-points (or any)within the corresponding dialog box which will appear after clicking you right mouse button:

Symbol bar Point Normal

Basics I. - Points


Points 2D/3D

Various functions in the menu Point either consider the creation of points in the plane (2D) or in the space (3D), for example, the functions Add or Projection. You will find in several functions the option With Z coordinate for distinguishing whether the creation of points will be carried out two or three dimensionally, i.e. whether the third axis shall be considered in case of picked points. Depending on you requirements that option can be switch in or off.

6.1. Rule of signs

All actions serving to create points refer to a previously created point (or to a grid point). Nor-mally a measure (in mm) or an angle (in grade) will be rotated from an existing point. Theseentries can be both positive and negative. It is also possible to enter repeating values as dis-cussed in the chapter Entry of grid data.

An angle in the bocad system is defined in the mathematically positive sense, i.e. it is positiveif it turns anti-clockwise. You need a local coordinate system in order to enter a positive or ne-gative dimension. This coordinate system is defined by the order of the points.

As well as in the case of creating a plane the first clicked point is defined as the origin of thecoordinate. The second point defines the direction of the x axis. The y direction is positionedvertically on the x axis. Therefore dimensions will be registered on their respective axis in de-pendence of their signs. Positive signs may not be written in front of a dimension. In case ofnegative values it is obligatory to set a minus sign.

6.1.1. PerpendicularWith the function Perpendicular you can create one or several points from two existing ones.From the name of that function you can already recognize that the new point will then be per-

Point 1Point 1 Point 2

Direction

Sig

nY

X

Basics I. - Points


pendicularly to the original points. Among other things, the dialog box Perpendicular showsthe input line for entering the dimensions of the distances with their sign (if negative).

The input is a relative value. Therefore you can create several points with always the samedistances. If you want e.g. to determine the geometric positions (points) of the rafters on a pur-lin, so you can enter 4 : 500 in the input line. As a result four new points will be drawn witha relative distance of 500 mm between each point. You may add additional points with differentdistances by separating them by commas.

After entering the dimensions you leave the box with OK In the message you will see PickPoint 1. After clicking the first point the message Pick Point 2 will follow. After pickingpoint 2 the program will calculate the points and display them on the screen:

6.1.2. ParallelThe function Parallel is similar to the function Perpendicular. Here two new points will be crea-ted in the defined distance, parallel to the two picked points. As in the case of the creation of points via the perpendicular, the distance of the parallel pointscan be positive or negative. A - quicker - alternative for indicating a negative distance insteadof a positive one is to reverse the pick order of point 1 and point 2.

6.1.3. Lengthen

With the help of two points on the line a third one can be created in one distance. That distancerefers to the second picked point and can be both positive and negative. In case of positive va-lues the point will be created in direction of the axis (first point is origin, second one indicates

Point 1 Point 2

created PointD

ista

nce

Point 1 Point 2

created Points

Dis

tan

ce

Basics I. - Points


the direction). In case of negative values the point will be created against the positive axis di-rection.

That function can as well be used in the 3D area. For doing that you will find the option with Zcoordinates in the parameter box. If that option is activated you can create a point with 3Dcoordinates in a perspective view. For doing that you must pick the points in a perspective view.If you work with the same setting (option with Z coordinate active) in one plane, the point willbe projected into the plane. .

Point 1 Point 2created Point

Distance

Point 1

Point 2

created Point

Distance

Basics I. - Points


6.2. Tools

6.2.1. Add

With the function Add you can create new points by adding distance values for the X, Y and Zaxis with reference to existing points.

The input of 1:100 or only 100 in the line dx of an existing point in local x direction, for in-stance, will create a new point with a distance of 100 mm. Correspondingly, the input of 3:100in the line dy will create three points with a distance of each 100 mm from the original point inthe local y direction.

The input for the value dz will only be considered if the option With Z coordinate is activatedand the original point is picked in a perspective view.

6.2.2. Mirror

One important function in the point package is the function Mirror. Two picked points form themirror axis (pick point 1 and/or pick point 2 of the mirror axis). After definingthat axis you can mirror as many points as you like. For doing that you only have to pick thesepoints (pick point 1, 2, 3, …). The last point will be confirmed with a double click or withthe return button.

Point 2

created Point 3

Mirror axis Point 3

Point 1

Point 1 of axis

Point 2 of axis

created Point 1

created Point 2

Basics I. - Points


6.2.3. Divide line

In the menu Point you will find the function Divide line. In the selection list of the dialog boxyou will find various possible settings for creating several new points via an existing line.

The division of the line can be realised by Number of points, Maximum field length, RestP2, Rest P1, Rest P1&P2 or Free input.

Division of line with Number of points

The division of line with Number of points divides a straight line represented by two pointsby a defined number of points. For doing that you can enter the number of intermediatepoints in the dialog box of the function. After confirming the box with OK you must then pickthe two end points of the straight line in accordance with the indications of the messages.

Division of line with maximum field length

The setting with maximum length has a similar function as the setting with Number ofpoints. However, instead of a number of points a maximum distance value will be indicated,i.e. the systems will calculate a regular division of the length which is smaller or equal incomparison with that dimension.

Division of the line with Rest P2 / Rest P1 / Rest P1&P2

These settings are similar concerning their functions. As in the case with setting with ma-ximum length an existing line will be divided. The division is, however, precise. Due to theprecise division rests, i.e. lines will remain which are smaller than the indicated dimension.These can be distributed with different setting at different places. The rest lengths can eitherbe distributed to point 1 (with rest P1) or point 2 (with rest P2). It is as well possible to dis-tribute regularly to both points (rest P1&P2).

Division of line with free input

With the help of this function you can realise a division of line between minimum and maxi-mum values. For doing that you must indicate the minimum and maximum values for theareas edge 1, field and edge 2. Then a regular division within these values will be created.The value delta defines the approximation of the values in millimetres. The bocad systemalways orientates itself to the maximum values. After confirming the dialog box the usualmessages will appear.

Basics I. - Points


6.2.4. IntersectionThe procedure of the intersection will calculate a new point on the basis of four given points,i.e. the intersection. After loading that function the message will ask for the first two points, i.e.the points of the first imaginary line. Then the points of the second line will follow. The two lineswhich may not be parallel will finally be intersected.

The function Graphic intersection offers a similar function. The only difference is that here nopoints but lines can be directly picked. These lines will then indicate as well the individual in-tersection.

6.3. Angel, arc, circle

6.3.1. Rotate angleIn addition to the described function which are carried out with the help of X and Y coordinates,there are function working with angle functions. These functions include the function Rotateangle. That function creates a point on the circle arc via two pick points or via an indication ofan axis which refers to the local coordinate system.

In the dialog box Rotate angle you must enter a degree number in the input field Angle. Here,the rule of signs is applied as well. If the default setting Basic line: Pick is switched on and thebox left by confirming with OK, the message will ask to pick two points. After defining the ima-ginary line, a new point will be created. That point will be rotated around the first pick point inthe indicated angle and the distance first to the second pick point.

If you activate +/- X or +/- Y you will need only one point. Based on this point, an angle referring

Point 1

created Point

Point 4

Point 3

Point 2

Point 1

created Point

Angle

Point 2

Basics I. - Points


to a new point will rotate in the chosen Distance in direction of the local coordinate axis. Bothsigns and input rules are fully valid.

6.3.2. Divide an angle in halfThis function will create a new point via three pick points. First of all, the message will requirea centre of a circle and then an additional point on an imaginary circle. The third point definesan angle which refers to the centre of the circle. The new point will rotate in the middle of theangle, on the circle.

6.3.3. Divide arcThe function Divide arc creates any number of points, on an arc with regular division, via threepick points or two pick points and the angle data. For doing that, the following indication arerequired in the function's dialog box: angle if the option Angle is activated, and the number ofpoints to be created.

After confirming the box with OK the pick points will be selected. The bocad system will thencreate in regular distances a new number of points limited by the second and third pick point

Pickpoint

created Point

Distance(here in positive X-direction)

Angle

Point 2

created Point

Point 1

Point 3

Basics I. - Points


or by the arc around the first pick point and limited by the angle.

6.3.4. Intersection Circle - Line, Circle - CircleIn the menu Points > Circle intersection you will find the functions Circle-Line and Circle-Circle. With the help of these functions you can create new points as intersections to an ima-ginary circle. The first step for both functions is identical: first of all, a circle will be defined bytwo picked points – centre of the circle and radial circle point. During the following workingsteps this circle will be emphasised with the help of an helpline.

Intersection Circle - Line Concerning this function, in the second step you must pick a line via two points. When calcu-lating the intersections the extension of the line will be considered as well. The new points willbe created at both intersections with the circle.

Intersection Circle - CircleIn this function an additional circle will be picked in the second Step. The two new points willthen be created at the intersections of the second circle with the first circle.

Point 3

Angle

Point 1 Point 2

createdPoints

Day of training - part 2

Basics I. - Members


7. Creating of membersIn the basic setting of bocad you can create all standard profiles (such as UB, UC, RSC, RHS,etc), members with geometries to be determined (e.g. plates or bars), cold rolled sections(ZKRUPP, STABA, etc.) and catalogue profiles, e.g. for glazing and metal construction.

Activate the function for creating of profiles in the menu point Members > Create profile. Then,typical for the working style in bocad, you can open the dialog box Create profiles < Membersby clicking your right mouse button:

Selection of the profile type to be created: "Standard profiles as well as profiles with geometries to be determined "Cold rolled sections"Profiles from given or customers' individual catalogues

(Optional) preview of the set posi-tion parameter and the selected profile type - the eye symbol indi-cates here the view direction on the creating plane.

Settings of the preview

Basics I. - Members


7.1. Indication of the files describing members

7.1.1. Initial mark number

The initial mark number serves for preliminary numbering of crea-ted members. It is characterised by 'S' (for start position) and anumber, e.g. 'S300'. The definite numbering will be carried out la-ter by the positioning.

The initial mark number has two properties. With the first property you can structure the num-bering process. So the entry (default is 1) indicates the start value for the numbering of the po-sition number.

For example, you can link number starting with 300 to such members as e.g. roof purlins. Fordoing that you must enter 300 in the entry line. Unless you modify the number all created mem-bers will receive from now on an initial mark number starting with the set value 300 (numberswill be counted upwards).

The other main function of the initial mark number is to set members in accordance with partslists or to create them as null position. Null positions are members at the site as e.g. bases oras well steel components not belonging to the delivery scope; therefore, they receive the initialmark number '0'.

7.1.2. Designation

The designation is a precise description concerning a member. For example, you can define amember, in addition to the name (profile), in its function, e.g. as support, beam, etc. You mustnot comply any convention when entering your description in the relevant entry line beside thedesignation. You can open a list containing various designations by clicking the button besi-des the entry line:

Basics I. - Members


Note: The selected designation will be later a relevant distinguishing characteristic du-ring the positioning. Concerning other properties such as profile and lengths,identical members will be positioned with different numbers if they have differentdesignations.

7.1.3. Profile types

As mentioned before you will find various profile types as default entries in the bocad system.You must observe the designation of profiles in order to find them when they will be created. Ifyou make no entry in the dialog box Create profiles < Members besides the button Profileand then click it you will open a profile list.

The profile list contains all standard profiles of the bocad profile database including all usualprofiles in steel construction. In addition to the profiles of the list you can create profiles withindividual geometries, at example plates PL (see the following tables concerning profile types).

Now you can select the required profile form the profile list. The existing list is very extensiveand the user will be faced with the problem to browse to entire list. One useful function in thewindow Profile list (as in other profile windows in bocad) is the possibility of jumping in thealphabetically sorted list by entering letters. For doing that you must mark any entry in the listwith the help of your mouse. If you now enter a letter the mark will jump the first entry of thislist beginning with that letter. By quickly entering a combination of letters (e.g. 'IP') you can alsosearch profiles beginning with those letters.

The second search help for he profile list is a filtered list, i.e. the indicated list can be reducedto one certain profile type. For doing that you must first of all enter the name of that row in theentry line beside the button Profile, e.g. IPE. If you click then the button Profile you will onlyreceive the profiles of the IPE row:

Of course, you have also the possibility in bocad to enter the profile type of a profile row direct-ly, e.g. IPE300. Especially in this case you must observe a particular notation (compare withthe following tables).

Basics I. - Members


Standard profiles

Profiles with individual geometric dimensions

Note: In the case of standard profiles you can use as well ½-I-profiles. For doing thatyou must enter e.g. 1/2IPE300 in the dialog box. In the case of plates there isfor example an unlimited variety of geometries. Therefore, they are for the timebeing not included in the profile list. After shifting a plate this will automaticallybe adopted in this list.

7.1.4. Materials

Via the button Material you can open a selection list which contains all usual material names.Here you can select any entry and link it to the profile.

Profile type Notation Example

HEA HEAh or HEhA HEA100 or HE100A

IPE IPEh or IPhA IPE300 or IP300E

Profile type Notation ExamplePlates BLd*h BL10*240

Edged U-profiles BLUh*b*d BLU200*80*8

Edged L-profiles BLLh*b*d BLL200*80*8

Flat bar FLh*d FL100*8

Squared timber KHh*b KH100*30 [cm]

Rectangular hollowed MSHh*b*d MSH100*200*8

Rectangular section (RHS) MSHh*d MSH200*8

Square tube round-edged QRRh*d QRR200*8

Square tube sharp-edged QRSh*d QRS200*8

Rectangular tube round-edged

RRRh*b*d RRR200*100*8

Rectangular sharp-edged RRSh*b*d RRS200*100*8

Square VKh VK60

Tubes TUBEh*d TUBE100*8

Round iron bar ROUNDd ROUND10

Plate girder BTfh*fd*sh*sd BT300*30*1200*15

Acronyms: h = height w = widthth = thickness hf = height of flangetf = thickness of flange hw = height of webtw = thickness of web

Basics I. - Members


7.2. Shifting of members in longitudinal view

In case of this type of creat a member with its longitudinal axis will be placed parallel to the re-ference plane. Normally the reference plane is here identical with the plane of picking of thatview in which the first member-defining point will be picked.

7.2.1. Number of generation points

You can carry out the creating of members in long view via one or various points. The first pick-point always determines the origin or the start of the longitudinal axis. The following determi-nation of length and alignment of the member is dependent on the setting of the option Points.

:Creating via a point:

If you shift a member only by picking the original point you will determine the length of themember with the help of a fixed value to enter in the dialog window. The member direction willbe calculated via the value Angle determining the rotation of the longitudinal axis of the mem-ber around the picked original point:

Line of sight on the reference plane (Z axis)

Rotation of the member around the original

Basics I. - Members


Creating via two points:

If you create the member with the help of the setting 2 points, the first pickpoint will determinethe origin and the second pickpoint the end point of the longitudinal axis of the member andthus length and alignment of the member:

The creating forms of profiles via n points and the creating of bended members will be treatedseparately in the Basics Volume II. in the chapter Curved members.

7.2.2. Setting of the viewed face

There are different views depending on the position from which you look on the member. bo-cad offers four different viewed faces in order to facilitate the placing of members in differentviews: front view, top view, rear view and bottom view. These views can be set before shiftingin long view. Front view is basically defined as the view on the web (in case of standard profi-les). In case of plates front view is defined as the view on the surface.

While an UB profile has only two different views, since the top and bottom view and the frontand rear view are identical, an unequal L profile, for example, will be represented differently inall switchable views:

Line of sight on the refe-rence plane (Z axis)

Original and end point of the member

Basics I. - Members


We recommend activating the option Preview in the dialog window of the function in order tocheck before the creating how the realised settings would influence the later position of themember in the reference plane.

The four available viewed faces in the example of an uneven L profile

Top view

Bottom view

Rear view Front view

In addition to the set viewed faces you can indicate a free angle for car-rying out more precise rotations around the member axis.

Basics I. - Members


7.3. Shifting a member with the help of member anchors

7.3.1. Member anchors

Up to now we took as a starting point that the position of a member will be determined alongsideits middle axis between a picked original point and an end point – either picked or by enteringa value. The position of the member and its anchorage in the reference plane is determined bythe middle point of the profile and each 50% of the member is above and below the referenceplane and the member is in the middle of the selected create axis:

If you want, however, that a member levels with its superior left profile edge at the create axis,you can modify the default anchorage of the member with the help of the setting matrix Loca-tion:

In the same way you can orientate the location of the member to the create axis via the settingmatrix at each of the nine possible anchor points. Here you have to observe that the anchor

Basics I. - Members


points always refer to external outline of a member. Depending on the profile type, those an-chor points do not touch directly the member:

So you can create a member above, in the middle of or below the reference plane by using thevertical setting matrix of the Position. By using the horizontal setting matrix you can align themember anchor with regard to the create axis to the left hand, in the middle or to the right hand.In any case one point of the external outline touches the create axis.

7.3.2. Auxiliary shift

By entering a value for depth and transverse shift (DZ or DY) you can additionally shift themember anchor set in the location matrix in order to create a tolerance or an overlapping bet-ween the member and the create axis. The definite location of the member will thus be deter-mined by a picked axis and the corresponding anchor point on it and, additionally, by the setdepth or shift in y direction.

The depth shift DZ will result in a shifting of the anchor alongside the Z axis of the referenceplane. A positive shifting value will create a tolerance and a negative value an overlapping ofmember and create axis if the anchor is located at a vertical external point of the profile outline.If the anchor is located vertically in the middle, you will always shift upward. In case of a nega-tive value you will shift downward.

Basics I. - Members


Z axis of the reference plane

Depth shift of the anchor point via a positive value:

Depth shift via a nega-tive value

Reference plane

Z axis of the reference plane

Reference plane

Depth shift of the anchor point via a negative value:

Basics I. - Members


In the same way a transverse shift DY will cause a shift of the anchor alongside the X axis. Incase of the positive value you will create a tolerance and in case of a negative value an over-lapping of member and create axis if the anchor is located at a vertical external outline point. Ifthe anchor is located vertically in the middle, you will always shift to the left side. In case of anegative value you will shift to the right side:

7.4. Creating of members in side view

In addition to the previous explanation how to place members longitudinally in the referenceplane, you can also place members in the depth of the reference plane. When choosing thiscreating type you will thus create members in their side view, i.e. their longitudinal axis will becreated vertically to the reference plane and you only have to pick the original point for themember in the reference plane. You can determine the length of the member to be created –in Z direction of the reference plane – by entering a value in the entry line Length. In addition,

Transverse shift of the anchor point via a positive value:

Reference plane (X-axis)

create axis

Transverse shift of the anchor point via a negative value:

Reference plane (X-axis)

shift axis

Basics I. - Members


you can indicate a rotation around the longitudinal axis of the member by entering a value inAngle. That angle is mathematically defined as positive.

Here you can as well – as already described in Shifting a member viamember anchors – anchor the longitudinal axis of a member via the matrixsetting concerning the location at nine significant locations.

An additional shifting of the set member anchor in direction to the create axisis as well possible. This will, however, not be carried out as depth or trans-

verse shift but via the values X and Y which shift the picked original point for the member in Xand/or Y direction in the reference plane. You can enter both positive and negative values.

When choosing this creating type you can exactly control the positioning of themember in the depth, i.e. with its length alongside the Z axis of the reference pla-ne, with the help of the three settings front, middle or rear and, if required, byusing the additional positive or negative shifting value z. This value correspondsto the depth shift explained in the section Shifting a member.

When shifting a member in the depth to the front, it will be completely above the reference pla-ne. When shifting it in the middle it will be located with one half above and one half below thereference plane and when shifting to the back it will be completely below the reference plane.

Shifting a member in side view

Basics I. - Members


7.5. Creating of plates

7.5.1. Shifting via profiles

Plates can be created longitudinally via the function Create profiles. The way of creating issame procedure as already described in Create members in longitudinal view. You canenter individually the profile dimensions of the plate in the dialog window of the function in theentry field Profile by entering the abbreviation PL and then the profile thickness and profileheight, for example PL25*200.

After generating the plate it will be registered in the profile list. From now on you can load it fromthe profile list by using all possible filters (compare possible filters in the section Profile types).

7.5.2. Via outline plate

With the help of the function Members > outline plate you can create plates with a definedthickness and free outline. The outline plate will be shifted by regulation, i.e. picking its outlinepoints. Therefore, you should have created suitable pickpoints before using the function. In thefollowing figure you can see that, in addition to the designation BL, you only have to indicatethe plate thickness and, if required, the depth shift for the profile name.

The latter value indicates here the location of the plate concerning its thickness to the referenceplane, i.e. whether the plate shall be created above, below or in the middle of the then pickedoutline.

You can also influence the geometry of the plate with a value in expand by. In case of a posi-tive value the plate has an overlap, in case of a negative value it will use this dimension.

When you leave the window with OK, you will see the messages for picking the outline pointsof the plate. The picking order can be carried out either clockwise or anti-clockwise. The lastpoint must be confirmed with a double click or with the return button.

Plate creating via profile

Basics I. - Members


Generated outline plate

Basics I. - Work on members


8. Editing of members

After creating members it is often necessary to edit them, i.e. to modify members concerningtheir form and geometry. You will find all required steps for working on members in the menupoint (Member) Tools.

8.1. Length modification

Editing of members means different requirements concerning their length. For instance, onesituation requires a merely dimensional shortening, another one an adjustment in dependenceof the position of another member. The different functions are grouped in the function Lengthmodification in the menu point (Member) Tools. After loading this function you can open thedialog box Length modification < Work on: Members for further settings by clicking the rightbutton of your mouse

In the left window area you can choose the type of member editing via the tree representation.In the right window area you will then find different possible settings.

8.1.1. Lengthen and shorten

After selection the function Lengthen/Shorten you can enter a value in mm in the input fieldDistance on the right side. This value defines the lengthening of the member. In case of a ne-gative distance value the member will be shortened correspondingly. Additionally, you can alsoindicate via Test whether an individual member (this is normally the case and thus the preset-ting) or a complete construction group shall be edited.

After confirming the dialog box with OK you can pick members to be edited in accordance withthe messages until terminating your input with a double click or by pressing the return button.Then you have to pick that member edge where you want to modify the length. For doing thatyou only need to click in the area of the member edge, i.e. you need not click it exactly. Thelength modification in this function refers only to the length of the member and not to the widthor height.

Functions of length modification



8.1.2. Adapt

With the function Adapt you can adapt members with their front surface to a plane. The adap-tation can be carried out two ways: either Projection to axis or via 2 or 3 points (the third pointwill be used for creating a compound angled section). You will find this function as well in thedialog box Length modification < Work on:Members. It will also be activated by selecting thetype, i.e. in this case Adapt.

.For the adaptation via Proj. on axis you only need one point to determine the adaptation pla-ce. Therefore, the cross section will be adapted directly to the point. If you choose an adapta-tion plane via 2 or 3 points, you will require the corresponding number of points. With the helpof this setting you can adapt members to an inclined plane.

Both settings permit to enter a positive or negative Clearance in order to modify the distanceof the new member edge to the picked axis.

Lengthening of an I- profile by 500 mm

Settings for memberadjustment

Adapt member via two points

Adapt member with proj on axis



8.1.3. Adapt to a memberBy using the function Adapt to a member in the dialog box Length modification < Work on:Members you can carry out a similar member editing as in the setting Adapt. The only diffe-rence is that the adaptation plane will be offered by another – tool-part – member.

In case of this function, you can carry out the setting Adapt to 3D surfaces, Adapt to externalvolume and Adapt to member extreme in the dialog box by using the selection list Adapta-tion plane. These refer to the tool-part member to which the to-be-adapted member shall beadapted and have the following meanings:

Adapt to a 3D surfaces:

Alongside the axis of the tool-partmember it will be checked whichedge of the to-be-adapted memberwill be touched. This edge will be theadaptation plane.

Adapt to external volume:

The tool-part member will be sur-rounded by a cladding. This edge ofthe cladding will be the adaptationplane.

Adapt to a member extreme:

If a member rotates around its ownaxis, this member can be surround-ed by a cladding running through theextremes of the member..

In addition to these setting, you can control in the dialog box Length modification < Work on:Members whether – only if members intersect – tool-part members shall be considered.

Member axis



8.1.4. CutAs in the case of Adapt the member will be shortened via Proj on axis or via 2 or 3 points. Itis also possible to add a Tolerance. When executing this cut alongside a plane, the front sur-face, however, will not be adapted automatically. Rather you must indicate the so-called wasteside of the member.

After confirming the dialog box the plane will be determined as in the case of the function Ad-apt. Then, in accordance with the message Pick side to remove (member-point), youmust pick the side on the left of right part of the section plane. After confirming with double clickor with the return button this waste side will be cut off the member.

8.1.5. SplitDuring the splitting process a member will be divided in two separate members. Here you cansplit a beam with a Tolerance so that, e.g. the plates for a beam joint can be inserted into thesection.

8.1.6. RegroupWith the help of this function you can combine various members. Here a prerequisite is that themembers have the same cross section and an identical member axis. A direct contact area bet-ween the members, however, is not required. If you edit for example two beams by using thisfunction, the new merged beam will extend over the complete length of the original beam andthe previous spacing.

Cut member with tolerance

Adding two sup-por



8.2. Volume operations

As in the case of length modification, the function Volume operation summarizes severalfunctions which can be selected in the menu point Work on members by loading with the rightbutton of your mouse in the dialog box the function Volume operation < work on: Members..

8.2.1. Punch

With the help of the function Punch you can punch tool-part members with to-be-adaptedmembers, i.e. by using a tool-part member you can remove a volume from a to-be-adaptedmember. In contrast to other edit bars for members we presented before, during the punchingprocess a volume will be created as default which will then be deleted after having been pun-ched.

In the following example, a HEA200 shall be punched with a plate so that this one will be coped.

Functions concerningvolume operations

Step 1: Creating of a HEA200

Step 2: Creating of a punching volume

Plate as punching tool. Edges may not be congruent with the edges of the to-be-adap-ted member!



Note for punching of members

a) The surfaces (edges) of the tool-part member and the to-be-adapted member must notbe congruent for carrying out the intersection:

b) The function Punch deletes areas of the to-be-adapted member. It creates, however, nonew members even if they would be created physically by the tool-part volume. Thus, incase of a punching volume no waste member, which could be deleted in the second step,will be created but only the hollowed section will be eliminated:

Step 3: Executing the function Punch

according to message first pick tool-part …

… then to-be-adapted member

Step 4: Deleting of a punching volume

Eliminating of a punching volume via Members > Delete an

Punching not possible!

Result after punching

Remaining web area after deleting the punching tool

Blend



To avoid that you can alternatively set in the function of the dialog box that a Tool modificationwill be applied for the punching. In case of a tube, for example, you would punch with a circularprofile:

8.2.2. CombineThe function Combine makes it possible to combine and/or blend outline plates. Thus it is pos-sible to create irregular elements, e.g. in the area of concrete bodies. That means that you cancombine bodies at their contact areas.

Result after punching with a tool modification

Web area after deleting the punching volume

Blend




9. Work on outline plates

9.1. Work on: outline

The function Outline Plate in the menu point (Member) Tools serves for modifying existingoutline plate in the outline plane of that member. After loading that function you will be askedhow to represent the corresponding outline plate because a new window will be opened for theediting process. After confirming the query with OK the message Pick member will appear. Youmust pick the outline plate in any view and a new window will open with the member in frontview.

In that window, in the menu point Outline you will find the necessary functions for working onan outline plate.

highlight

First of all, you should check whether you have chosen the correct member for working on it.For doing that, load the function highlight. The current member to work on will lighten in anoutline of a different colour.

New plate thickness

A new plate thickness will be assigned to the outline plate. Activate the function and a dialogbox for entering the values will appear.

Outline plate in plane representation ...

... and functions for working on outline plates



Enter the new overall thickness in the entry field Thick-ness. In addition, you also determine the change withregard to the depth by choosing aboce, symmetricand below. This setting refers to the middle axis of theoutline plate. Choosing this setting, the new thicknesswill be divided symmetrically at front and behind, other-wise, depending on the selected direction, to front orbehind.

Move outline points

Choosing this function, outline points will receive new coordinates in the outline plane. After ac-tivating the function, the point will be selected. A crosshairs will appear and by pressing yourleft mouse button you can now determine the new place of the outline point. With the help ofthe pickmodus you can e.g. pull to a pick point or to an existing member edge.

Move outline points via dimensions

Unlike the function Move outline point the new placeof the outline point can be determined by using relativevalues. The procedure is similar to the function Moveoutline point. After moving the outline point, a box willappear in which you can enter the relative values (bet-ween the old and the new place) in the X and Y direc-tion.

Add outline points

You can add new outline points to the outline of the member so that the outline of the memberwill adopt a new shape. For doing that, pick the place on that member edge where you want tothe new point to be. Then determine the new place of the point by pressing your left mousebutton. If the pickmodus is on Free, any place may be defined. You may have created as wellbefore a point, for example, by using the functions in the menu Points. The new outline pointwill then be pulled on that point with the pickmodus Pick points.

Move outline edges parallel

With the help of these functions youcan move parallel existing outlineedges. While doing that the lengthof the moved edge will be maintai-ned. During the moving the adja-cent edges adapt themselvesconcerning length and alignment.

parallel moved outline edge



Move outline edges parallel with value

Similar to Move outline edges parallel the edge to bemoved will be pikked and pulled in the required direc-tion. Then an entry box will appear in which you canenter the parallel distance:

Move outline edges at random

Unlike the parallel moving of an outline edge, you can move an edge as you like when applyingthis function, i.e. the edge to be moved will maintain its length and the adjacent edges will adaptto the moving with regard to their length and alignment. If you activate the function you mustpick the edge. The anchor point is on the centre of the edge. With this point you can move theedge.

Delete outline point

Existing outline points will be deleted. You must, however, maintain at least the three requiredoutline points for describing the outline plate.

Delete outline edges

With the help of this function you can delete outline edges. You must, however, maintain atleast the three required outline points for describing the outline plate.

Add snipe

You can add a snipe from an outline point. The cor-responding outline point will be picked and then theentry box for the relative values will appear:

With the help of this value an angle cut from thepicked point will be carried out:

Add concave corner

With the help of the function Add concave corner a concave rounding at the picked outlinepoint will be carried out. After picking the outline point, a dialog box for entering the value willbe displayed.The distance between the rounding and the pick point can be regularly shifted inthe X and/or Y direction. When selecting one of the two last options an additional entry field for

Final snipe



entering the values will be displayed in Distance.

Add convex corner rounding

The procedure of this function is similar to the function Add concave corner, with the only ex-ception that a convex rounding will be carried out. After picking the outline point a dialog boxfor entering the values will appear again:

Radius of the resolution in mm

Number of basepoints for the representation of the resolution

Setting of handling of distances(here with regular distance)

Picked outline point

Picked outline point

Radius of the resolution in mm

Number of basepoints for the representation of the resolution

Basics I. - Connect


10.Welded connectionsBelow the menu point Connections you will find various functions for creating connections. Nomatter whether you want to create a seam or – as to be presented in the next chapter – a boltedconnection, you must meet various requirements in order to work with connection means in thebocad system:

" You must choose a reasonable view. For example with the functions Section or Points/linein the menu point View.

" Seam or bolts must already be created. For doing that you can use the function in the menupoint Points.

" The members to be connected, in example, beams and front plates must be suited to bepicked.

10.1. Automatic weld seam

With the help of the function Automatic Weld in the menu Connections two or more memberswill be connected automatically with each other. Contact areas between the partners will befound automatically.

If you want to have another thickness at the seam and web of the seam connection, select theoption Web != flange. In this case additional entry elements for the Weld thickness flange willbe displayed in the dialog window. If the option Web = flange is activated, regular weld thick-nesses with the value Weld thickness web will be created.

One condition for the use of this function is that the connecting partners are suitable to bepicked, another condition is that the parameters have been adjusted in the dialog window. Ad-ditional settings concerning the generation of seams can be carried out on the tab Additionaldata.

Basics I. - Connect


After activating the function, first of all the member with the seam and then the member to bewelded will be picked. The second connecting partner determines the course of the seam:

Member with the seam

Member to be welded

Seam will be created in the contact area of respective members

Basics I. - Connect


10.2. Controls: Info Connection

For controlling created connection you will find various informative functions in the menu pointInfo. With the help of the function Connection: Attributes you can e.g. load a text survey con-cerning a connection. For doing that, load the function via the menu point and pick then an exi-sting connection. The information will then be displayed in a dialog window.


Basics I. - Connect


11.Bolted connections

11.1. Terms

Bolt group: In the bocad system a bolts group is defined as bolts which are gene-rated with functions. A bolts group can have one or several bolts. Thegroup consists of bolts connecting the same members with each other.Thus, these bolts are the same type of bolts, i.e. the have the same gar-niture, material, length, etc.

Loose bolts: Loose bolts distinguish themselves from bolts/studs in the sense thatthey are directly assigned a length. The length is not calculated by thebocad system.

Loose bolts are applied e.g. for connections at null positions, e.g. atconcrete. They are established in the same way as bolts/studs.

Material length: Generally, the material length corresponds to the total of all thicknes-ses of material to be connected.

Garniture: A garniture includes all additional elements such as nuts, bolts, etc.

Bolt length: Material length + garniture + jutting out.

For example, if you select a bolt with a length of 63.5 mm, that boltwhich can be delivered quickly will be chosen. 65 mm.

Basics I. - Connect


Survey of setting concerning the function Connection >Bolts/studs/Loose/ ….

Introductory example:Impact end plates with bolted connections

Should be set on Site to avoid that theentire structure is pending at one member.

Takes over the database entriesList view concerning the

current bolt structure

Text flag, e.g. for a initial tension Determines what the bolt will also create

Loads the settings in thedatabase behind - 1

Automatic be-vel washers

Step 1: Creating of two IPE300 supports and shortening in the front view by each 20 mm:

Basics I. - Connect


Step 2: Insert end plates with a thickness of 20 mm each:

Step 3: Open adequate additional view - e.g. via View > Additional view: Point/Line:

Step 4: Create points for bolt positions - e.g. via Points > Divide line:

Basics I. - Connect


Step 5:Set bolts via the function Connection > Bolt/Stud/Loose-/...

Entering of an M12 bolt and con-firming the dialog with OK.

Picking of bolt point and confir-ming with the return button.

Picking of the end plates in the main viewand confirming with the return button.

Result: Created bolt picture in front and side view:

Basics I. - Connect


11.2. Controls

11.2.1. Info ! ConnectionThe function Connection: Attributes which we already introduced in the preceding chapterconcerning welded connections and which can be found in the menu point Info can also beused for receiving an informative survey of a bolted connection. For doing that, load thefunction via the menu point and pick then an existing bolted connection. The information willthen be displayed in a dialog window:

Basics I. - Connect


11.2.2. Search! Connectivity of bolts

The function Search > Connection control: Connectivity of bolts offers the possibility of anautomatic control of bolt mounting. In the dialog window of the function you can link a nut sizeto a bolt type by choosing the button 3D control on the tab Parameters. With the help of thisvalue each bolt of this type will be controlled concerning its connectivity.

After starting the function, all bolts without connectivity will be emphasized with a tool symbol.In addition you will see a survey of all bolts without connectivity in a new window:

If all relevant bolts have connectivity you will be indicated an empty result list. In this case allbolts with the bolt size selected in the list have connectivity.

After applying the function, all represented tool symbols with the function Search >Delete as-sembly tool can be deactivated again in all windows.

11.3. Work on bolt groups

11.3.1. Delete completely / individually

With the help of the function Delete connection in the menu Connection you can either deleteindividual connecting elements from a connection picture or eliminate a connecting picturecompletely. After loading the function, the delete mode can be switched via the options Con-nection unit or Single element.

Basics I. - Connect


By choosing the option Connection unit you can delete a connected connecting picture. Here,you only need to pick an element of the picture and confirm your selection..

If you choose the option Single element, you can delete individual connecting elements froma bolt picture in any view. Only the picked elements will be deleted and the new connectingpicture will be represented.

Note: If you delete e.g. a single member from a bolted connection (e.g. filler plates ina bolt picture), the bolt picture including holes in that member, but as well in allother existing members will be deleted.

11.3.2. MoveThe function Bolt: Move in the menu (Connection) Tools refers to the moving of individualbolts in a bolt picture. First of all, change in a view where you can see the bolt picture with theviewing direction in or against the bolt direction of the bolts. By activating the function, first ofall, the dialog box for entering relative dimension for moving will appear automatically. After en-tering the dimensions you can pick one or several bolts. The moving will then be carried outwith the specified dimensions relatively to the original position:

11.3.3. New length calculationWith the function Bolt: New length calculation in the menu (Connection) Tools you can cal-culate again a selected bolt. Here, you have no possibility to apply a bolt of another type. Onepossible application of this function is e.g. to integrate new connecting members into a bolt pic-ture.

Basics I. - Connect


In the following example we create apoint of roofridge whose ridge plateswill be connected with bolts (in a boltpicture).

Afterwards we will apply filler plateswhich require a new calculation ofthe bolt picture.

After activating the function, we will carry out the following entries in the dialog box:

Direction shall bemaintained

Length shall bemaintained

Admit that various bolt pic-tures will be created

Connection partners shall besearched automatically

Basics I. - Connect


The result of the new calculation is asfollows:

11.3.4. ExchangeWith the function Bolt: Exchange you can later modify bolt connections. If the function is acti-vated, you can load the corresponding dialog box by clicking your right mouse button. Here youcan make your indication with regard to the bolt type to replace the previous bolt picture. Aftercompleting your indications you leave the box with OK and pick the corresponding bolt picture.The previous picture will be replaced by the new bolt picture.

Example: Bolted connection MSH at IPE profile

Using the following example (fixing of a MSH profile alongside a longitudinal wall at an existingframe support) we will present various possibilities of the function. Both members, a supportIPE360 and a bolt MSH100*100*4 will be connected with each other one after the other in dif-ferent ways. The initial situation is as follows:

Alternative 1: MSH+tubes long/rest short material length

In bocad you can connect profiles by a bolt with a long material length. Normally, you needlong material lengths if a bolt shall penetrate completely a profile, in this example, a MSH pro-file.

First of all select the function Connection > Bolts/studs/Loose/ … in the menu Connection.

MSH 100*100*4

IPE 360

Basics I. - Connect


Open the dialog box of the function by clicking your right mouse button and carry out the follo-wing settings: .

Click the button Designation in order to get a survey concerning the corresponding diameters:

In the opening window you can select a boltwith the corresponding diameter. This bolthas a length. This length, however, will alsobe maintained if it is not sufficient or toolong.Alternatively, you can also do without indi-cation of a length. For doing that, activatethe option Bolts only created if existingin database. In this case the required boltlength will be calculated automatically andthe next bolt with sufficient length will beselected from the database.

Then you must still modify the bolt length inthe dialog box Bolts/studs/Loose/… Fordoing that, select the entry RHS&CHSlong/rest short from the selection list Boltlength.Here, it is also important to activate the option Bolts only created if existing in database. Ifyou did not indicate the length when entering the bolt and if you want to create the bolt even ifit does not exist in the database, the material length will be calculated automatically with thissetting and the bolt will be generated with the correct length.

Select bolt type SKG ...

... and close bolt list

Basics I. - Connect


The dialog box should now be represented as follows:

After confirming the dialog box with OK pick now the bolt point in front view on the longitudinalwall:

Then you must only pick the two members to be bolted. Here you must not observe any order.The bolt direction of the bolt is from the exterior, i.e. into the MSH profile, when you look fromthe exterior on the longitudinal wall.

MSH 100*100*4

IPE 360

Basics I. - Connect


The result of this example is as follows:

Alternative 2: Separated profiles will be connected via short material lengths

This alternative connection is based again on the initial situation of the example. The two pro-files, the support IPE360 and the bolt MSH100*100*4 shall be connected by the bolt SKG12with short material length. In this case, however, no length will be indicated for the bolt but becalculated automatically by the program.

Concerning the bolt connectivity, an additional opening will be shouldered in the MSH profile.In order to generate this opening, a generation of bolts with a second hole tolerance will be car-ried out. Here you have to indicate a diameter for this hole tolerance. As you can recognisefrom the name hole tolerance the overall diameter of the opening is composed of the bolt dia-meter and the hole tolerance. In this example the opening shall have a diameter of 40 mm. Ifyou use the bolt SKG12 you will require a second hole tolerance of 28 mm.

In addition you must indicate where you want to place the opening. Before creating the bolt aninternal examination checks the correspondence of the bolt and the profile. These penetrationpoints can be indicated as position for the second hole tolerance:

In this example, the opening shall be at the first hit. Thus, the following settings are required in

SKG 12*140

Insertion direction

First hit: In this position,the bolt hits a profile for

the first time. Second hit

Basics I. - Connect


the dialog box Bolts/studs/Loose/…, considering the previous demands with regard to theconnection:

Similar to the first example, you must now pick the bolt point and then the members to be boltedafter confirming the dialog box with OK in front view of the longitudinal wall. As a result the fol-lowing connection will be created:

Settings for thesecond hole to-

lerance

bolt withoutlength indicati-

on

Selection forshort material

length

Basics I. - Connect


Example: Stud shear connector on inclined profile

In the following example we will show how stud shear connectors can be set in a grid on aninclined support. As support we will use an IPEA400 and as stud shear connector aKOD22*125. The set bolts shall be distributed regularly on the superior flange of the bolt. Thestuds shall have a distance of 220 mm in direction of the support axis and a transverse distancebetween each other of 100 mm (studs in two rows). In order generate the grid on the flange youmust first change into the top view of the inclined support. For doing that you can open Addi-tional view: Member plane in the menu View. Here, activate the top view, select as Refe-rence the setting Flange/Web surface and pick then the support.

First of all select the function Bolts/nuts … in the menu Connection. Open the dialog box ofthe function by clicking your right mouse button and carry out the following settings:

Activate the option Points on the tab Position in the dialog box and set Rest P1 & P2 for thegrid division in the selection list. Then confirm the button Grid division. Now you can enter thedivision values for the bolt in the opening box (right mouse button).

used stud shearconnector

button sets values ofdialoge box on de-

fault (i.e. ’– 1’)

generate Button Create grid division

Division measure for the thigh to be defi-ned by picked points P1 and P2 in the con-nection.

Division measure for the thigh to be defined by picked points P3 and P4 in the connection.

Basics I. - Connect


After leaving this box with OK you can immediately enter the origin of the grid:

After defining the origin of the grid and the points P1 to P4 you can leave the dialog windowBolts/nuts/… with OK. Now pick one of the generated grid points as bolt point and confirm theentry by pressing your return button. Then pick the support.

As a result the set bolts will now be created on the grid points:

P4 for y-direction

Origin of grid: P1 for x-direction and P3 for y-direction

P2 for x-direction


Basics I. - Saving


12.Backup procedure

During the design phase it may occur that you carry out unintentional modifications such as de-leting members, drawings, etc. or that data will be deleted due to a power failure or incompati-bility in the system. It is not always possible to enter value again and it normally takes a lot oftime. We therefore recommend making backups of the project in regular intervals. In additionthe bocad system offers various possibility of saving data which we will now explain in detail.

12.1. After automatic query

After an interval to be set individually by the user, the italic query save boc3db? will appear.(the abreviation boc3db stands for"bocad 3D database"). The query must be answered eitherwith Yes or No in order to be able to continue your work in bocad.

If you answer with Yes the current version of the structure design will be saved in boc3db andalso in the backup directory boc3db.sav below the current project directory. Thus the fileboc3db corresponds to the current representation of the structure. Otherwise the previoussafety version will be maintained, i.e. no further design steps will be added the file boc3db.

In the menu point Saving interval in the menu Extras you can set the interval between twosafety queries as well as name and position of the backup directory:

12.2. Planned saving a point of procedure

If you require a planned saving at a fixed time, you must load the menu point File > Save as.Here you can add a name extension the to file boc3db. The default name is boc3db. and afterthe dot you may enter your name extension. Here you can enter any extension (do not use spe-cial characters, etc.).

Enter here the saving interval.The saving interval will, howe-ver, only be modified after the

next safety queries.

The name of the safety copy must be different from the file boc3db (without extension), see for more explanation planned saving a point of procedure.

Basics I. - Saving


If you do not indicate an extension for the backup the former boc3db.sav will be overwritten.If you enter, however, a new extension, the former backup will be maintained and an additionalone with a new extension will be established. In example, you may enter an extension compo-sed of the current date (example: 18.04.2002 -> boc3db.180402) at the end of a working day.Be sure to create always a new backup when selecting this procedure. The result may be thatyou will have various bakkups in your project directory although you do no longer require them.This procedure results in an unnecessary occupation of your hard disc. In the worst of all casesit may occur that your hard disc is completely occupied and that you can no longer save yourproject.

12.3. Saving when ending a session

When you leave a project and/or the bocad system a safety query will appear. Besides thequery there are two additional indications:

With the help of the option Clear up deleted elements you can remove deleted elements (suchas members, bolts, etc.) which are still in the bocad database as entry (in form of an identifi-cation number). As default setting this option is deactivated. It should be activated as long asthe project is in the design phase. Thus you avoid the unnecessary growth of the file boc3db.

When starting the positioning, however, this option should be deactivated because the clearingof deleted elements refers consequently to the entire model including the position numbers anddrawings. If you delete e.g. members after the generation of drawings and the project has beenclosed with clearance, you will not find the drawings concerning the deleted member becausethe bocad system can not find any members belonging to the drawing.

The activated option Restart with current phase and viewport will automatically open the lastactive phase and viewport when starting again the relevant project. If you do not activate thisoption when saving the project, you will receive the query to select the phase from the list ofexisting phases when starting again the program. Then you must select a viewport from the list

Basics I. - Saving


of all existing planes:

12.4. Behaviour in case of program crash

12.4.1. Diagnosis and terminating the program

A program crash may occur in different ways. The program may terminate with an error mes-sage so that it is no longer controllable, but it may also happen that the program is deadlocked,i.e. it does no longer respond to entries. It may also occur the uncompleted and ragged win-dows will be represented. Another typical symptom is when you can no longer shift windows.You can terminate a blocked program via the task manager of windows. The Task managerwill be opened by pressing simultaneously the buttons Ctr.+Alt+Del and selecting the but-ton task manager in the opening window. During a program crash you will normally see theentry no response in the column Status. You can terminate the program by clicking and con-firming the button Terminate task.

12.4.2. New start of the program with latest backup

If the bocad system crashes during the project processing the project data may be damaged.In this case you will receive the indication "Project is damaged. Continue anyway" when ope-ning again the project. If this message does not appear you can continue designing in the pro-ject without any problems. Otherwise you should use a correct backup of the project.

Basics I. - Saving


12.4.3. Loading the last backupFirst of all terminate bocad in order to load the last backup of the project. Then open the direc-tory of the damaged project and carry out the steps represented in the following illustration:

Start bocad again after carrying out those steps. If you there open the project you will haveaccess to the project data in the recently established directory boc3db and thus to a correctdata version.

If you use external backups, like e.g. backups on CD-ROM, DAT tape or on a network server,you should use those media as the must current and correct data basis after a program crash.

Project directory

1. Directory with damaged da-tabase:Rename with right mouse click (e.g. boc3db.alt)

2. Backup directoryCopy with right mouse click, insert below the project direc-tory and rename the copied di-rectory boc3db.

New database directory based on the backup

Basics I. - Phases


13.PhasesIn bocad you have the possibility to divide a construction. This can meet several demands. Forexample, the construction shall be divided into constructional sections which shall be producedand delivered at different times. In this case you have to establish so many phases as the num-ber of constructional sections and link all members, bolts, seams and other elements to them.Later you can establish and sort parts lists and production drawings classified by phases.

Another case of application is the division of the construction into different sections, as for ex-ample framework and facade. Here you have as well the advantage that you can adapt andoutput the manufacturing documentation individually to each section.

13.1. Creating a phase

13.2. Changing a phase

13.3. Controlling and editing the phase

Basics I. - Index

Version 20.000 14.02.05 bocad-3D Editions - A

14. IndexA

Addtional view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 22Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 17

B

Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – 80blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 57boc3db . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – 80Bolt connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 70Bolt group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 65Bolt length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 65

C

Cascade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 7click . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 11cold rolls sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 37Connection control . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 64, 11 – 69Create points

Angle, arc, circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 34lengthen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 30Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 30Perpendicular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 29Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 32

Creating of membersIn longitudinal view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 41In side view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 47plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 49via a point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 41Via two points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 42

D

Database points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 28depth shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 45Directory name

invalid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 5valid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 5

double click . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12

F

Free profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 40Functional button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 11

G

Garniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 65Grid

create additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 19delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 20Geometric structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 15Modify properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 18

Grid points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 28Grip length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 65

H

highlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 58History of bocad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 1

I

Initial mark number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 38

L

lasso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12Loose bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 65

M

Main viewChange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 22

Main views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 21Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 40member anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 44member with the seam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 63Members

Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 38Menu bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 7message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 8

N

New plate thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 58

O

Outline edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 60Outline plates

work on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 58

P

Parameter button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12pick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 11Pickmodus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 10Pickpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 28profile list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 39Profile types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 39Program surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 7Project

create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 4Project data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 5

R

refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12Replicator sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 16Representation button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12Rul of signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 29

S

Saving interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – 80Screw pictures

work on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 70second hole tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 76Shifting of plates

via outline plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 49via profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 49

Standard profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 40standard profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 37Status line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 8Symbol bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 9

T

three-fingers-rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 21Tool modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 57transverse shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 45

V

viewed face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 42Volume operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 55

Combine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 57Punch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 55

W

weld seamautomatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 62

Weld seams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 62Work on members

Adapt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 52Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 54length modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 51Regroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 54Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 54

Z

zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 12

Version: 26.04.2005

Basics II.– bocad-3D Edition Steel –

Basics II.– bocad-3DEdition Steel –

All information contained in this manual has been carefully collected. We cannot be held respon-sible for typographical errors or modification of individual program functions.

Program version: 20.503 , dated April 2005

Version of Manual: 26.04.2005

Am Umweltpark 7D-44793 Bochum

Hotline: 0234 / 9 64 17-85 Monday to Friday: 8 until 12 o’cockHotfax: 0234 / 9 64 17-86 12:30(pm) until 4:30 (pm)

eMail: [email protected]

Basics II - Contens

Version 20.000 26.04.05 bocad-3D Edition Steel - I

Contens

1. Curved Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1. Creation shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Detaillingbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1. Working method with the detaillingbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2. Functions of the detaillingbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3. Bent Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1. Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2. Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.3. Information / Control information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.4. Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4. Construction methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.1. Basic procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.2. Construction methods - example: stage impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.3. Saving of connection definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5. Copy / Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.1. Selection of the start list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.2. Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.3. New connection partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.4. Opened references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.5. Possible controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

6. Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.1. Exporting sub areas of the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.2. Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

7. Constructional modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.1. Stretch/Shorten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

8. Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.1. Advanced marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.2. Convert member characteristics before positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.3. Identity examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9. Drawing preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.1. Creation of individual drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.2. Opening of created drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829.3. Interactive nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849.4. Position numbers on nested drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.5. Automatic nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.6. Graphical modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

10. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

Basics II - Members


1. Curved MembersDescriptionWith bocad standard or numerous cold rolled profiles can also be constructed and evaluatedas curved members. The possibilities of the construction are explained in the following:

1.1. Creation shapesDescriptionIn order to be able to create curved members there are two creation types. On the one handthe creation over n points and, on the other, the curved creation type. The curved is usable forall circular or elliptical shaped members.The usage of n points is suitable for all remaining va-riants of curves which describe a function.Basically, in both cases the curve is described over a polygon.

Explanation for ...

....the n-points shapeA shop drawing is created with n points. The points for the creation must be created previous-ly, e.g. over the achievement Points / functions.Note: The higher the number of constructed points, the more exact is the description

of the member for the evaluation.Start offset and end offsetCurved members can not be lengthened or shortened in their curvature. Over the Start offsetand End offset you can create a shift of the start and end points. This has, as with straightmembers, only the effect of a lengthening of the last polygon section.

Basics II - Members


Position

The position for curved members is defined in the same way as for straight members (see Ba-sics I., chapter 7.3)The picked points act as neutral fibres! The transverse shiftTS defines the position of the cross section to the neutral fibres of the shop dra-wing!Important:A transverse shift may only be slightly attached. Therefore, evenwith large shifts (lying outside the cross section) the member lengths remain andthe entered radius is maintained. The upsetting or stretching of the memberlengths and the modification of the radius remain unconsidered.All shifts of thesection are permanently saved to the section and can be called up via Info /Members / Member Characteristics.

Shift delta_Y_LThe shop drawing is later shifted to the first and last point at Delta_Y_L. The neutral fibre alsomoves, as it concerns a subsequent shift.

Shift delta_Y_EThe neutral fibre is newly established for the entered value by a parallel shift of the pikkedpoints. Thereby, the new, real length of the member and a new radius result. So overDelta_Y_E positive the section is positively stretched and over Delta_Y_E negative is nega-tively upset!

Use 'TS' and 'Delta_Y_E

The settingsTS "=" value, position designation MIDDLE Delta_Y_E "=" 0

Produce an identical section such as TS "=" 0, position designation MIDDLE Delta_Y_E "=" value.

The difference between the two members exists in the member length, as the first section oc-cupies another position of the neutral fibre and, therefore, underlies other flow conditions.

Important: With it you receive the correct radii details for the evaluation of shop drawings,use with a larger shift (outside the bending line of the cross section) Delta_Y_Einstead of the transverse shift TS. Then through the shift Delta_Y_E the neutralfibre is shifted and the radius is newly determined. For TS the radius remainsgiven, because the neutral fibre remains given.

6000

32.9º

62

3394

211

5000

32.9º

62

211

3394

Indication of the radius with TS > height of cross section

Indication of the radius with delta_Y_E > height of cross

Basics II - Members


... for the curved shapeA shop drawing is shifted by 2 points under consideration of the chosen function Circle or El-lipse. ! Circle

The picked 2 points (start point, end point) and the given radius clearly define the Circle sec-tion, so that the centre of the circle does not have to be inputted. A maximum arc of 180degrees is constructible. The chosen radius must amount to at least half the distance of thepicked points.

! EllipseThe picked 2 points (start point, end point) and the inputted radii of the main axes define theEllipse clearly, so that the centre of the ellipse does not have to be inputted. A maximumellipse arc of 180 degrees is constructible.

! RadiusThe Radius gives the circle radius or the radius of the large ellipse axis. If the radius is ne-gatively given, the course of the curve 'strikes' downwards.

! Second radiusThe Second radius establishes the radius of the small ellipse axes.

Explanation of the additional files for curved members

Tangential or external circleIf the Tangential or external circle option is activated, then the approximation to the circle /ellipse function by tangents to the circle / the ellipse is produced. The member bending pointsare the cut points of the neighbouring tangents and are not base points of the correspondingfunction. The picked connection points "search" the nearest base points of the chosen functionand additionally construct a tangent in the course of the member. Through this, the exact ob-servation of the function course in the connection area tangentially achieved.With the chosen Tangential or external circle option, then the approximation to the circle /ellipse function over external circles of the circle / the ellipse is effected. The member bendingpoints define the base points of the individual function. The picked connection points "search"the nearest base points of the chosen function and additionally construct an external circle inthe course of the member.Through this, the exact observation of the function course in the ben-ding points is achieved.

Basics II - Members


Note: Be aware of the type of creation of the curved section for the dimensioning ofthe arc (see chapter on Arc Dimensioning), otherwise this will not lead to correctresults in some circumstances.

Visible edgesWith the activated option are the Sides visibly displayed, which result from the polygon por-trayal of the course (right picture). If the option Sides visible is chosen, the sides are droppedin the portrayal (left picture)

(Base point) Division parametersThere are three setting possibilities for the base point division parameters which are directlyconnected to the tangential or external circle option::

Note The above described base point division parameter is only valid for the outputform of the member course. The possible, additional connection areas disturbthe chosen division parameter.

SectionWith the Section option you determine how the division parameter of the base point should becarried out. It can either be created over the details of an amount of points, or over issue of amax. length. For every setting the corresponding input for points or lengths is read.(Base) PointsThe figure in the input line Points corresponds to the amount of bending points in the membercourse. Polygon shaped lines are laid down on the created base points. These form then themember sides. Correspondingly, the genuine member sides lie above or below the displayedlines. In order to avoid the connected members becoming too short or too long, the areas towhich the members connect must already be given on creation.Important: Further work and adjustment of drawings (e.g. unfoldings) depends in some cir-

cumstances on the amount of base points of the created and worked on section.I.e. the higher the amount of base points of a section that there are, the harderfurther usage of the section becomes in the programme. The upper limit of base

in X External circle approximation (Tangential or External Circle option deactiva-ted): All bending points have the same relative X distance to one another. Tan-gents approximation (Tangential or External Circle option activated): All middlebending points have the same relative X distance to one another.

in Y External circle approximation: All bending points have the same relative Y di-stance to one another. Tangents approximation: All middle bending points havethe same relative Y distance to one another.

any The bending points are constructively created.

HEA200 HEA200

Edges unvisible - Option deactivated

Edges visible –Option activated

Basics II - Members


points of a section are at the current time at about 4096 points.

The number of base points consists of:

! Base points of the cross section (e.g. for pipes or for resolutions of mem-bers increases),

! Base points which arise from the length (e.g. for severely curved membersincreases),

! Base points which arise from blendings.

All these points run for the further working on the individual work processes,increase thereby, on the one hand the calculation times, or prevent the processcompletely in some circumstances.

LengthThe value for the Length gives the max. distance between the base points.

Example: The construction of a curved member

Prerequisite

The grid should be widened left and right for every measure, so that the member can be crea-ted longer than necessary.

Procedure

Create generation points of the curved member."

Result

2IPE330

2

1 IPE330

A

1000 2000 2000 2000 1000

8000

1 2 3 4 5 6

K 0

K 2000

K 5000

7500

Basics II. - Work on members


2. DetaillingboxWith the help of the Detaillingbox in the menu (Member) edit, you can completely detail anymember with functions like Cutting, Coping, Creation of an internal etc.

Significance of detailling parameters

With the detailling input you find a solution for everything which can be punched. In the follo-wing we will explain the working process with the detaillingbox.

Multiple view from member

Set as handled member

Set coordinate system

Cut member

Cope member

Create inner outline

Delete inner outline

Move inner outline

Move outer edges

Picking external outline

Point info

Functions in the dialog window Detaillingbox

Number of basepoints



2.1. Working method with the detaillingboxProcedure:

1. To shift a member, for example a HEA profile.

2. To load the function Work on members >detaillingbox.

3. To open handled member in Multipleview from member (the handling can bedone, however, in any other view).

4. To set the member as handled member:# Pick member in any view.# The member lightens and is now pre-

pared for the handling.

5. Setting of the coordinate system:In this case a coordinate system is set forthis member. Normally this coordinate sy-stem is set into a edge point of the mem-ber. This Coo syst is a mere localcoordinate system with the X-axis poin-ting in longitudinal direction and the Y-axis in the direction of the profile height.The system can be realised any time byselecting the function Set coordinate sy-stem via the corresponding icon and thendetermining the edge for the new coordi-nate origin via Pick.

6. Selection of a handling via the functionalicons, input of the necessary parametersand handling of the member. The availa-ble handling options for this case will beexplained in detail in the following section.

2.2. Functions of the detaillingbox

2.2.1. Cut memberAfter clicking the icon Cut member, the para-meter values for B and H must be entered (con-firm last entry with the return key). Then youhave to pick that member edge you want to cut.

1.

2.

3.

5.

4.

6.



Note: X- and Y-coordinates must not be entered for this function.

2.2.2. CopingFirst select the icon for Coping. Enter parame-ter values for B and H. Terminate last value withthe return key. Then you have to pick that mem-ber edge you want to cope.

Note: X- and Y-coordinates must not be entered for this function.

2.2.3. Create internal contourThe generation of an internal contour can becarried out in different ways, by defining the po-sition of the internal contour via value input,picking of points or a combination of both:

Create internal contour by values

First select the icon for Create internal contour. Enter then the values for the X and Y direction(the Anchor point of the internal contour can be adjusted in the tab More). Enter the valuesB, H and R next to that tab. Confirm the tab with OK and then create the internal contour bypressing the return key.



Create internal contour by points

The second possibility for creating an internal contour is to determine the place of the internalcontour with the help of reference points created before without specifying the X and Y coordi-nates. Click these points and confirm them with the return key.

Create internal contour by values and point

You can also create an internal contour by specifying B, H, and R and clicking on the positionof the member where you wan to create the internal contour.

Internal contour with distance to another one

With the parameters dx and dy, you can create internal contours with a distance to an existinginternal contour by entering the dx value confirming it with the return key. By pressing againthe return key, the new contour will then be created relatively to the previous one.

2.2.4. Delete internal contourSelect the icon Delete internal contour. Inputof parameters is not necessary for this function.Pick then one edge of the internal contour andconfirm it with the return key.

2.2.5. Move internal contourFirst click on the icon for Move internal con-tour. Then enter only the values for dx and dy -in this case also negative values can be speci-fied. Confirm the last value with the return key.Pick then an internal contour edge in the mainview and confirm it twice with the return key.

Reference points



2.2.6. Outside edge shiftThis function is carried out like the functionMove internal contour. The only difference isthat first the icon for Outside edge shift must beclicked.

2.2.7. Freely pick external outlineAfter picking the icon for Freely pick externaloutline and without specifying any parameter,an external outline can be picked - in thepicking-mode Free. By the picking the externalcontour, you will create a punching plate to bepunched with the member.

The first and the last point of the picked contour are extended automatically, i.e. you can alsouse points which lie on the edge of the member.

1

2

3 4

5

6

1

2 3

4

51

2

3 4

Points for punching volumes

Punched member

Basics II. - Members


3. Bent PlatesTwo variants of bent plates can be created with bocad: On the one hand there are parallel bentplates and, on the other, there are conical bent plates. The parallel bent plate has all sides lyingparallel to one another, i.e. the cross section of the plate remains unaltered. With the conicalbent plate however the sides run – extending endlessly – together into a point. The cross sec-tions on the shift starting point and on the shift end point have the same number of contourpoints, yet the side lengths are different.

In the following the scope with the frequently used parallel-bent plates is explained.

3.1. Shifting

Creation of any thick parallel bent plates

Description

Parallel bent plates can be created in long view, as well as in the side view. Additionally, deter-mined surface characteristics can be assigned to all the bent plates. The procedure - for thecreation of standard and special profiles alike - is explained in the following examples.

Explanation of the "Member-Data" tab

Profile

The profile designation can be written in the input field behind profile, e.g. Input PL (for plate).The measurement specifications for depth, breadth and length are only limited over the posi-tioning as desired (see Advanced positioning of bent plates). They result from the picked geo-metry.

Finishing

With the finishing or colour you define the exterior of the bent plate. There are three options to



input the finishing side or the finishing range:

Consider: As soon as the surface External side or Finishing range is inputted for the Fi-nishing, the possibility of the surface design (Profile surface) is given on theone hand. On the other hand in addition, you must later determine for the pickcycle (according to message) a point to mark the external side of the plate or twopoints for the finishing range.

Profile SurfacesOpen with the Profile Surfaces button the corresponding dialogue box.

Output of the profile surfaces in the selection title block.

Here in three different ways the bent plate can be given the internal and external surface cha-racteristics and values (colour, finishing, depth of the finishing and perforation):

1. Direct input of a "value" in the input field of the characteristict:In the input fields next to the individual characteristics a value for the internal and/or externalsides can be inputted directly. This value is assigned to the plate with the relevant posi-tioning, but is not included in the existing choice.

No finishing If you choose the option of no finishing, the bent plate is crea-ted without finishing. The settings in the Profile Surfaces dia-logue box are not taken into account.

An external side Use the option of an External side, in order to allocate one sideof the bent plate with a finished side - an external side. If youhave chosen the option then you must, after confirming the set-tings in the box with OK and picking from bent plate contour andposition, additionally pick the side for the finishing.

Finishing Range With the Finishing range setting you can determine an area onthe bent plate which is to be finished. You have to identify twopoints on the external side of the bent plate which limit the range,after determining the contour and the position of the plate Whichprocedure is used to create the range (whether the shortest con-nection between the two points or mathematically positive orien-tation - see also the chapter on edge parameters) is dependenton your setting under Extras / Settings / Drawing / Members /Edge Parameters. The mathematically positive setting is re-commended.

06.01.2005 4712

T R AE G E R

G E ZE IC HNE T DAT UM ZE IC HNG .NR

/ 1B E NE NNUNG

S oftware G mbH

R

T S P os . S tk. P rofil Material Dicke Länge LF M Zuschnitt

1 1 1/1 B L1089*10 S 235J R G 2 10.00 2500 2.50 1089F arbe B eschichtung Dicke P erforation

Anmerkung

F 2/B

F 1/A R AL 1005 Honiggelb S L [S chutzlack] 10 P 4 V OLR AL 1001 B eige S L [S chutzlack] 10 P 4 V OL



Note: If no input takes place, i.e. you are choosing two points in the selection; the bentplate is assigned no characteristic. (this is also valid for the following variants!)

2. Choose a "value" by the selection:Via the arrow left next to the input fields a selection can be opened for every characteristic(colour, finishing, depth of the finish and perforation) both for the internal and external sideof the bent plate, in which you choose just as you need.

3. Select a "value" which is not available in the selection:By clicking on the button of the individual characteristic an editor window is opened. Clickhere (or in the File / Open menu), in order to open a text file in which there are furthervalues (e.g. further RAL-colours) [max. 80 characters per value and line] and in order to readthese. This data can be limited or reduced and saved in a file.

Explanation of the "Shift Form" Tab

On the Shift form tab you can input whether you want a bent plate created in Long view orSide view. Depending on setting - long or side view - the appropriate options are offered:

For creation in side view...

For creation in side view the side surface of the bent plate is created here, where you pick theside surface determining contour points of the plate. Through this the position in the plane isclearly determined.

Length InputYou have two opportunities to establish the length of a bent plate in the side viewas follows With the setting as follows the Length option is at your disposal. i.e.

You input a value in mm in the associated input field in order to deter-mine the length.In this way the position of the bent plate in the depth isnot yet determined. Therefore, for this variant you also get the DS Op-tion for Depth Shift.

Over Points If you have chosen the Over Points option then you can determine thelength by picking two points. You have to pick the points on one planewhich lies vertically to the side surface.By picking the points on a vertical to the side surface lying plane, youdetermine at the same time the depth position of the plate. Therefore,in the dialogue box there is also the DS (depth shift) setting possibility.It is advisable to carry out the picking of the length determining pointsin the perspective. Here you have the best control possibility where theplate is created in the depth.

Depending on the sel-ection during theLength input, va-rious settings are pos-sible.



Length

The inputted value "x" in the input field behind length corresponds to the length of the createdbent plate in mm.

... Depth

If a figure "x" in the input field behind Depth is entered, the created bent plate receives a depthof "x" mm.

TSS - Transverse Shift of the Side Surface

TSS represents the cross position of the bent plate applied to the side view. The following set-tings are possible for the cross position in side view:

Be careful of transverse shift side - point sequence!

... DS - Depth Shift

The Depth shift allows the depth position of the plate with regard to the plane to be determi-ned, in which the plate is created.

For creation in long view...

If you create the bent plate in long view, then you can work on the contour points of the platein any view. The points which determine length are picked by you in the view and at the placein, or at which the bent plate is to lie..

TSS - Transverse Shift of the Side Surface

As for creation of bent plates in the side view!

... TS - Transverse Shift

The transverse shift is set with reference to the exterior of the bent plate.The following illustra-

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3TSS left QVS centric TSS right



tion explains the difference to TSS:

Transverse shift with reference to the exterior of the bent plate

... VF - Viewed FaceVia the viewed face you determine the face of the plate which is to be shown on creation.

... DS - Depth ShiftAs for creation of bent plates in the side view!

Explanation of the "Additional Data" tab

Axis for position in illustration

With this option it is established how the co-ordinating system is to be laid out, which is relevantfor the later output of the bent plate cross section on the illustration. This means you put withthis the orientation of the plate on the design again.

Output situation for any bent plate

Option DescriptionPosition

in the modell

⇒ Position in the drawing

Pick planeThe coordinate systems of the profile is iden-tical with that of the representation plane. Thepick sequence is here not relevant.

⇒

R LM

Exterior

Longest thigh



Explanation of the option

:... Reference plane:

The reference plane is a datum plane with which you establish the orientation of the plate atcreation.

Example:Creation and shifting of a parallel bent plate in side view with finishing

Prerequisite

Create points which should describe the form of the bent plate. This should take place directlyin the plane, adjacent to which the side view of the plate must lie.

Y:1st edge The y-axis becomes the first picked side. Thepick sequence is here relevant.. ⇒

Y: longest The y-axis is created at the longest side. Thelongest side is relevant. ⇒

Z:1st edge The z-axis is created at the first picked side.The pick sequence is here relevant. ⇒

Z: longest The z-axis is adjusted at the longest side. Thelongest side is relevant. ⇒

1

2000 2000

4000

C B A

K 0

K 2000

K 5000

1

2

3

4

56



Procedure

" In the main menu Members click the bent plate option." By right clicking the Bent Plate > Member dialogue box opens. " Set here the Parallel bending (left symbol). " In the Member-Data tab for the finishing range select the External range. " If you click on the Profile Surface button the dialogue box opens. " Carry out the desired colour settings (see the explanations on the Profile surface). " Confirm this with OK. With that, leave the Profile Surface box again and return to the higher

dialogue box. " In the Shift form tab switch on the small control box before Side form. " Activate the option as follows for the Length input (Further options). " Input the value 2500 [mm] for the Length, for the depth 10 [mm]. " For the position activate for TSS the left small control box and the lower one for DS. " Click OK to close the box and to start the Bent plates output. " Pick the points which describe the bent plate." After the last point confirm with < > . " On the side which should be the external side of the bent plate, pick any point and confirm

with < >. Result

The bent plate is created with a length of 2500 mm and a depth of 10 mm in which the sidemarked as the external side was given the information for the external colour. The other sidegets the information for the internal colour (see the chapter for Calling up the Surface Charac-teristics)

Example:Creating a parallel bent plate over the Long view with finishing rangePrerequisite

Create points which are to describe the form of the bent plate. This can take place directly inthe plane in which the plate is shifted afterwards over two points. (same pick points as for sideview).Procedure

" In the Members main menu click the Bent Plate option." By right clicking the dialogue box Bent Plates > Members opens." Set the Parallel bending here (left symbol)." In the Member-Data tab for the finishing range select the Finishing range.

K 5000

C

1

25000

Bent plate with TSS on the left side and DS on the left side

Members - Bent plate


" In the Shift form tab activate the small control box before the long view option, so that thetab content changes.

" Click OK to close the box and to start the Bent plates output." Pick the points which describe the bent plate and confirm with < >. " Pick shift point 1 and 2 in the shift plane (long view or perspective)." Now pick the points which are to limit the finishing range.

Result

The bent plate is created according to the settings.

You get this result from the drawing output with the control sentence dw_a4_form membersand with the Triangle symbol setting: With partial finishing for the bent parameters.

3.2. WorkingThe front of bent plates

Description

To identify the front side and the start edge on the illustration you can determine the edge star-ting point on a bent plate.

Example: Determining the front side of a bent platePrerequisite

You have already generated a bent plate, on which you later want to determine the front sideor change an existing finish.

Procedure

" Click on the Reference points option in the Work on Members main menu. " Open the dialogue box Reference Points < work: members with a right click ." Choose the Edge starting point entry on the left in the box and set the option on the right." Confirm the settings with OK." Pick first of all the bent plate, whose front you want to (re) establish and confirm this with

< >. " Then pick the side of the bent plate which is to be the front side and confirm this with < >.

Result

The edge start symbol is set on the bent plate. The display is refreshed after the confirmationso that the symbol disappears. They can be shown as in the previous example. Note: Once the edge start symbol is in place, this gives the front side of the bent plate

decisively for the output.

61.5º

6.7º

134

190

189

240

324



3.3. Information / Control informationCalling up the Surface characteristics

Description

If a surface finishing has been chosen for a bent plate, the plate is given this as information.Even if the finishing of the member is not given in the model, but is displayed on the illustration,the possibility exists nevertheless to call up the information. This is described in the following.

Example: Call up / control member dataProcedure

" In the Info main menu under Members, click on the Characteristics entry." Select here the Special tab.Result

Now the data on the profile surface are shown in the tab. The output of the bent plate charac-teristics can also be effected however in drawings and selections.

To have the finishing of bent plates shownDescription

If dimension reference points of a member were put, they are generally available. Since localreference points can disappear, however, by changing the design of the surface within planesor at the new representation, it is in any case necessary that these can be activated. This pro-cedure is described as follows.



Explanationof the options

Example: Activate of dimension reference points

Procedure

" In the main menu Pts select the entry Member below Points from.

" Open the dialog box Points/member points by a right click of the mouse.

" Activate the small control box From database in front of the option.

" In addition, activate the option Reference points in the extended box.

" Confirm the settings and close the box with OK.

" Follow the picking request and pick now the member to which a dimension reference pointwas assigned (you can, if necessary, capture several members also by using a lasso).

" Confirming the selection with the Return key .

ResultFor the marked member (or the marked members) the assigned reference point is shown now.

Reference point for the indicated member

If the option From segment is ac-tivated all points of the visiblemember, i.e. of the segment, areactivated. – If you activate Fromdatabase all points, which are sa-ved in the database, are activa-ted.

You must activate this option ifyou want to activate referencepoints.

1

C

K 5000 1

C

K 5000

Reference point of the finishing range

Edge star-ting point



3.4. Output

Preparation for production of bent plates

Description

For the production of bent plates it is important to be able to identify clearly on the drawings thefront of the plate and its orientation to the edge database. In order to be able to prepare thebent plates appropriately for production, in the following first of all the concepts are defined andtheir conversion for the drawing creation is explained.

Definitions

Front side

The front side is the side which is to lie upwards on the edge database. The front side symbolsindicate the front side.

Starting edge

The edge which is put as the first one on the edge database is indicated as the starting edge.It is marked by the edge start symbol on the drawing.

External side

The external side of the bent plate is the side which is visible in the construction and is indicatedby a finishing symbol. It is determined by the user.

Explanation of the drawing preparation (see the illustrations in the following)

! For Edge start symbol

As soon as the edge start symbol was set, i.e. the first edge of the plate was determined,this led to the identification of the front side for the output. You can only establish the edgestart point after the creation of the bent plate (via Work on Members / Reference Points /Set Edge Start Points - see the chapter on Finishing of Bent Plates). With bent plates whichwere taken up for DaWa, the edge start symbol is already set.

! External side of the profile

If you have activated the finished side option in unfolding forwards under Extras / Settings/ Drawing / Member edge parameters and have set No edge start symbol the Finishedside is recognized as the front side. In the drawing this is displayed over the finishing or thefinishing range in the cross section.

! Front side symbols

If for a bent plate neither an edge starting point is set, nor is a finishing appeared, an allo-cation of the start edge of the front side is automatically carried out for the drawing output.The semicircular symbol is indicated in the cross section of the profile, if corresponding set-tings are carried out for the edge parameters (Extras / Settings / Drawing / Member). Thetriangles showing one on the other are represented both in the cross section and in the backedge.

Note: For a better understanding of the symbolism of the bent plate front side, you canadd the drawing kantblech_symbole.bmf_ as a legend or additional graphic viathe title block of the shop drawings from bocdat/z3tmplates.

/



Legends for edge symbols via 'kantblech_symbole.bmf_'

Symbols in the side view of a drawing

Preparation for the design steering Description

In drawings of form members of bended plates the material is bended, i.e. the bended plate isrepresented on the paper. Adjust the relevant settings in the box Unfolding table in order tomodify the drawing representation.Explanation of the "General"-Extras / Settings / Drawing / Member tab

Old edges with new proceduresThe procedure concerning the forth and back edges of edge profiles has been renewed and

Legende Kantsymbole

1. Kantung BeschichtungOrientierung

Querschnitt QuerschnittRückkantung Rückkantung VerlaufSeite

Front side and start edge

6.7º

61.5º150

200

200

250

331

6.7º

61.5º150

200

200

250

331

Edge starting point Finishing Side Finishing line - shortest distance

Front side symbol Finishing line - math. positive



standardized. We are discussing here the "new procedure" (Dec.2000). Generally all edgescan be worked on with the new procedure. The small control box before the Old edges option... is therefore preset active. For special exceptions, such as for example on methods executededges of L-profiles, the "old" procedure can be gone back to as previously.

Plate thickness determination on the model

In exceptional cases the plate thickness can not be clearly determined from the 3D model. Theresult is then possibly an incomplete back-edged plate in the unfolding drawing. In such casesthrough deactivation of the small control box before the "Plate Thicknesses" option, the platethickness inputted into the member data can be gone back to.

Align plate after convex covering

The activation of this option has a result of the alignment of a curved plate (see picture 6.1) onthe drawing. The orientation is applied to the convex covering of the plate, i.e. on the coveringwhich is described over the outermost points of the plate. The exact alignment is effected onthe longest side of this covering (the curve is a stringing together of small lines).

Alignment of a plate to the convex covering.

The material is stretched through the edges of a plate. It is becoming longer. This length alte-ration can be considered over the compensation and over level: Factor for level

The factor lies in a range between zero and one and can be inputted according to company-specific requirements in the corresponding field.

Range for the level

0: The neutral fibre lies on the inner edge angle.

1: The neutral fibre lies on the outer edge angle.

Note: A change of the level takes place for complex bent plates.

Precision to set rectangle

Lightly curved created plates (e.g. for silo constructions) are depicted on a rectangle. The rangeis established over the precision, in which a curved plate may be reduced to a rectangle (im-

Blech - Draufsicht: konvexe Hülle des Blechs:

Ausrichtung an derlängsten, geraden „Seite“

der konvexen Hülle:

Plate - Plain view: convexe cover-ing of the plate

Alignment to the longest, straight „side“ of the con-

vexe covering

0

1 1/3

Kantni

veau

Outside level



portant: The position of gaps remains unchanged in spite of alignment!).

CompensationThere are three setting possibilities for the compensation:

Preferred edge direction positivelyIn order to prepare bent plates optimally on the drawing for production, the edge direction ofthe production machine can be taken into account:! positive: The machine can cant upwards (positive angle).! negative: The machine can cant downwards (negative angle).

Bent plate with visible face symbol

That means for example for the positive 'setting' (activation of the small control box) that theplate for the NC-DStV interface is so loaded that the majority of the plate angles are positive.From turning on the normal axis is ensured afterwards that the shortest edge thigh comes tolie above. This edge is marked by the edge start point on the drawing (see also the chapter onHaving the finishing of bent plates shown). xxx

Folding radiusIf you have not carried out any entry in the table (see update CD, directory ’doc’,’neuerungen_18000.pdf’ in the chapter Ctrl / Unfolding table’) in the column Bending radius,the entry from the line Bending radius in the box of unfolding table will be considered. Withthe help of the bending radius you can indicate the rounding of a bended plate in the section ofa drawing or in the perspective of the plate. The default is a radius of 5 [mm]. This default indi-cates an imaginary tool for the radius which serves as an orientation for the center line of the

none The length modification remains unconsidered.

use table The values are read out from the Unfolding table, the depar-ture measure for the length modification is determined, and isconsidered for the back edge of the plate. The table can be ope-ned by the button Unfolding table and can be changed via thekeyboard, according to the company or machine specific requi-rements (inputting within the columns is necessary!)

Fixed compensation mea-sure

With the choice of this setting a value must be inputted in theinput line behind fixed compensation measure. For plateswhich are stretched at the edge, this is a negative value. (Input-ting is to be carried out with signs!) i.e. it is deducted for everyedge of the inputted value for the output of the whole length.With that the plate is cut down to a shorter length. The actualwhole length is achieved by the plate through the bending. Witha shortening of the plate a length addition must be effected (po-sitive value).This setting is recommended mainly for on thelength curved plates.



plate for the bending process. The bigger the radius the bigger will be the rounding on your dra-wing. If you enter the value 0 for the radius the edges in the section will not be rounded but willbe represented in a rectangular form.

At the bocad-surface the plate is represented with rounded edges if the Radii under Unfoldingtable / type in member representation are switched correspondingly. In the perspective thisis only possible in the case of bended plates without contour modification and if the equality ofend sections is 90%.

Explanation of the Display tab

Finished side in unfolding in front

As the finished side is generally in the unfolding in front, the small control box must be activatedbefore the option.

The triangle symbol and the finishing line mark in the drawing the finished side of a plate or therange over which it is to be finished.

Triangle symbol

For the finishing symbol - the triangle - can be selected:No The triangle symbol is done without in principle. Yes The triangle symbol is always illustrated, for whole as well

as for partial finishing of the plate.With whole sided finishing This setting is preset. The triangle symbol is only provided

for with plates which are completely finished. With partial finishing The triangle symbol is only shown on plates which are par-

tially finished and highlight the finishing range with twosymbols.



Finishing lineThe following settings are possible for the finishing line:

Distance from partThrough inputting a value [mm] the distance of the finishing line to the external edge of the plateis determined on the drawing.

Pen/line type/-thicknessFor the pen thickness of the finishing line any pen number in the input line can be selected. Itis recommended to use a thinner pen (1) than for the external edge of the plate. The type ofpen can be selected from the usual catalogue.

Evaluation surface points mathematically positiveIf you deactivate the option you will always receive the sketching of the surface area of the un-folding members in that area where both points have the shortest distance between each other. If you activate the small control box in front of the option and the first pick point will mark thesurface start and the second point the surface end in mathematically positive direction.:

Angle data on the insideIf the option angle data on the inside indications is activated, all inside angles of an edgesheet metal will be designated during the drawing evaluation. If the option is deactivated, allinternal angles will remain unconsidered and the external angle, related to the axis of the se-cond thigh, will be indicated.

No The finishing line is done without in principle.Yes The finishing line is always illustrated, for whole, as well as

for partial finishing of the plate.With whole sided finishing The finishing line is only provided for with plates which are

completely finished.With partial finishing The finishing line is only shown on plates which are parti-

ally finished and which are to highlight the range of the fi-nishing.

P ickpunkt 1

P ickpunkt 1

P ickpunkt 2

P ickpunkt 2+

Finishing range with activated setting math. positive - relevant is the picking sequence



Type of internal angle

No angle data in case of multiple of XX [°]By entering a value, you can determine an angle and its multiple value which shall not be de-signated in the component drawing of an edge sheet metal. If you enter there a value of e.g.90 [°], the angles of an edge sheet metal having a degree of 90° or 180°, 270° and 360 °, willnot be indicated in the drawing. Thus you do not need to indicate clearly recognizable angles(like 90°) and your drawing will be more structured.

No dimensioning required with multiple value of the angle x.

The default value is here 90. That corresponds with the previous standard setting.

Additional view in case of angles major XX [°]If an external angle of edge sheet metals exceeds determined value, an additional view of theedge sheet metal will be created in the drawing. Whereas you see construction dimensions inthe original view of the edge sheet metal, in the additional view, you can indicate manufacturingdimensions, ie. Dimensioning via points of tangency. Thus you have the possibility to controlthe dimensions after the manufacturing / bending.

109,2°

33,3°

70,8°

146,7°

$ Angle data on the inside% Angle data on the inside

90°

135°

101,3°

101,3°

deactivated: x = 0° activated: x = 45°



Additional view iwith greater angles x degree.

Icon for the front view This icon marks the front view of the plate. There are four setting possibilites for this option:

There are two options for the creation of the front view icon on the drawing: when you indicatethe first unfolding you will receive the Icon for starting the unfolding process. If you do notdetermine the unfolding, the Front side icon will be automatically set on the section or on therefolding.

Diameter of the icon for starting the unfolding process Enter a value [in mm] into the input area behind the option in order to define the diameter of theicon for starting the unfolding process.

Diameter of the front view icon By entering a value [in mm] into the input area behind the option you will define the diameterof the front view icon. The default value is 0. That means that the icon will not be represented.

Explanation of the "Thigh" tab

The Output over ranges (no unfolding)!!!!If this option is activated over the small control box, only a plane view of the individual met thighis shown from the detailed range of a bent plate (gaps, copings etc.). Thereby the following con-ditions can be limited to the edge lengths and the number of views.

Minimum edge lengthThe thigh which is to be examined on its detailing can be limited with regard to its smallest edgelength. The input in the field behind the text is effected in [mm].

No You work without the icon in the drawing.Yes The icon will be represented during execution and ap-

pears in the side view.in side view The icon will only be used in the side view.in execution The icon will only be used during the execution.

KontrollzeichnungProduction drawing Control drawing

or( / )



Maximum number of viewsHere the maximum number [part] of projections on the single thigh can be limited.

Example: Modifying of Unfolding tableProcedure

" Click the entry Extras in the main menu Ctrl to open the dialog box." Select the entry Drawing / Member in the left part of the box and click then the button Un-

folding table." You can carry out your settings with regard to the evaluation of unfoldings in the opening

dialog box." After having carried out your modifications you must confirm them by pressing OK.Result

When you create another drawing for a bended plate, the settings you carried out before willbe used.

Advanced positioning of bent plates (licensed) Description

Whilst of the constructing bent plates can be created in different ways; e.g. through the creationof parts of shaped parts (DaWa), via Methods. This can have the result of a different designa-tion of the created bent plate. In order to standardize the designation, bent plates undesignatedfor the positioning - like flat material as well - can be newly designated.Explanation of the dialog box



Type of description

new designationAs soon as the new designation option is activated an input field is released. In this, the textis entered which is to replace the old designations through the positioning.

From coil materialIf the From coil material option is activated, you receive further options to be able to makesettings for bent plates which are to be created from coil material.

Separator in the nameAfter inputting under type of description a Separator in the name is necessary. Is pre-inputted* Another variable can also be selected (e.g. x), in so far as this is introduced in the profile con-version table pro_ums.inp (to be achieved with the tools editor in the directory [client data-] con-figuration).

With reference to decimal placesWith this option the measurement details can be determined for every need for up to three de-cimal places. Procedure

" In the Outputs main menu click the Advanced Marking entry under positioning. " The Advanced Marking < Outputs dialogue box is automatically opened. " Click here on the bent plate button so that a further box is opened.

Type of description Meaning ExampleDecreasing without length b x d 100*10Decreasingwith length l x b x d 5000*100*10Decreasingwith attached length b x d x l 100*10*5000Ascendingwithout length d x b 10*100Ascendingwith length d x b x l 10*100*5000Ascendingwith attached length d x b x l 10*100*5000Only plate thickness d 10Name remains The name determined before creating the bent plate will

be remained even after the positioning.b = Width / d = Thickness / l = Length



" Select from the Description type the Decreasing with Length option. " Activate the small control box before new designation and enter in the input field as desi-

gnation e.g. KBL" Click OK to close the "Pos/Bent plates" dialogue box. " Click OK to close the "Pos/Main Menu" dialogue box and the positioning run will start. Result

All bent plates of the construction (handling and elements comparison lists = whole construc-tion) are renamed in "KBL" after the positioning and are appropriately designated in the draw-ings and selections. The measurements are inputted in accordance with the setting("Decreasing with Length"). The reverse-canted widths are determined according to the edgeparameter settings.Important The machine data must be inputted before the positioning run to ensure a correct

output in the selections.

Basics II. - Construction


4. Construction methodsIIn the construction methods different functions are summarised in a logic.This logic forms abasic framework for a connection which can be controlled by the user by means of paramete-risation.

The methods have internal control mechanisms.Prior to every execution of a design, the feasi-bility of this connection is examined by a method. For example, a HVM bolt is assigned to DIN7990 within a method.The method recognises that and the user receives a feedback that thisdesign can not be executed.Thus, the user can be sure during the design process that theseconnections are in accordance with the general design rules - static rules, however can not betaken into account.Those designs which were created by means of methods can afterwardsrelatively simply be modified when this design will be calculated again with new parameters.Therefore, no manual modification is required when you apply this method.

4.1. Basic procedureIn this section, we want to describe the fundamental use of the construction methods presen-ting the general construction method with the example of a stage impact.

All steel construction methods can be loaded via the function Connections: steel construc-tion in the menu Construction by entering there the name of the method as a design type.Furthermore, you can directly load frequent connection types in the submenu Connections:Direct.

Function for loading allsteel connections

Recalculate existingconnections with new

parametersdirect loading for individual connections from Connec-tions: Steel construction



4.2. Construction methods - example: stage impact

For the construction of a stage impact we load at first the function Connections: Steel con-struction in the menu and then the corresponding dialog window with the right mouse button.In the next step we select the required design type. This can be carried out in different ways:

At the beginning of the construction by means of methods, the graphic selection is a good pos-sibility to get an overview over the available methods. The overview will be opened in an addi-tional window by clicking on the button Graphical selection.

Name of the currently loaded con-struction method. If the name of the method is known, it can be directly entered here and taken over with the return key.

Selection of a construction type via a selection list

Selection of a construction type from graphic method overview

Selection of the overview for profile/profile types with double-click...

... and there double-click for the selection of the design type buestosz1.



The image selection is exclusively used for selecting the construction type. The parameterisa-tion, i.e. the adaptation of the method values to the actual construction will only be carried outin the following steps.

After selecting the construc-tion method BUESTOSZ1 viathe Graphical selection, thedialog window Steel con-struction < construction isdisplayed again.The con-struction type is the selectedmethod.

With the help of the buttonGraphic Input you can nowopen a model for the selectedmethod in which you can de-termine the parameters forthe further construction.

Note: The parameters of the construction methods can also be manually edited on thetab Specifications. Since you will not find models for all construction methods- in this case you will find the message [not implemented] next to the buttonGraphic Input -, such methods can be edited only manually.This procedure willbe explained later

Name of the selec-ted method

Model for the cur-rent method (not available for all construction ty-pes)

Parameter input for the method via the model

Tab for manual editing of the me-thod parameters

Abb.:Graphical entry of parameter table

Parameter selec-tion in the model representation and tabular editing

Default value of the con-struction method



Now you can carry out the parameter input in the model by clicking the parameter field whichis next to the parameter to be modified. In the different fields you find registered default valueswhich are pre-selected in the bocad-system.These default values are in accordance with inter-nal tables, formulas or specifications of the DSTV.They can be replaced, however, by own spe-cifications.

Note: You will find further information about those values in the manuals Construc-tion (for example, bolt table for construction type Bühnenstosz (stage im-pact)). Alternatively, you can also access to the general default values from thebocad-surface. For this purpose, load the menu item Extras > Settings:

After looking in the manuals Construction, it becomes clear that frequently many more para-meters can be specified than are visible in the models. For example, a model can be completelysupplied with parameters but there are still missing parameters which can be supplementaryspecified by the user. In addition to the most important parameters, you can later specify furtherparameters - or also exclusively - in the manual parameter input in the tab Steel constructionvia the tab Specifications:

During the manual editing process you can recognise that earlier modifications were carriedout at the parameters in the Graphic Input because these modifications can be found belowthe comment line ’@---automatically appended ---’. Further specifications can be at-tached at the end of the parameter file.

Abb.:Global default values for construction methods

General default values. They are displayed in models and/or charac-terised as <automatic> in manual parameter input.

Example: Default value for bolt: M16



If, at the end of theediting process, severalentries are available for aparameter value, the lastvalue in the file will al-ways be considered.

If all parameters to theconstruction are suf-ficiently edited, you canexit from the tab Steelconstruction by confir-ming with OK. Then youmust pick the membersfor the connection in ac-cordance with the rele-vant message anddepending on the selec-ted construction type (forexample master and sla-ve).

4.2.1. Recalculate connectionAll executed parameter settings are saved together with the created connection which wascreated with the corresponding method.The advantage is that complete connections can becalculated again if you only want to modify individual parameters. For doing that you can openthe function Recalculate connection in the menu Construction.The following dialog windowopens:

After leaving the dialogue with OK, you must pick a member of the connection by which thesystem is informed from which construction type the current parameters are supposed to betaken over. These parameters containing the above mentioned settings are then displayed in

Load original file of the current construction type

Delete contents of editing window

Open content of the editing window in a big-ger editor

Save edited construction rules (company-specific and/or frequently requi-red parameter sets)...

... ... and/or read in available parameter

Determines how the current dates of the construction to be picked shall be consi-dered.

If active, new window with current parame-ters is then opened



the following window where they can be modified and/or complemented:

You must then pick a member from the connection and the construction will be calculated withthe new specifications.

4.2.2. The reference planeAn important aspect during the construction of gusset plates with the aid of the constructionmethods is the setting for the Reference plane..During the three-dimensional construction you are faced with the problem that the referenceplane is independent of the working plane, of the viewing direction as well as of the installationposition.The solution for this kind of problem is the reference plane. With the reference planeyou can determine an orientation for the gusset connection. With the help of this selection theposition of the longitudinal master from the connection to the reference plane is described. Inthis case, principally two layers are distinguished: the stage position and the support position.

Stage position

Here, you can replace and/or complement values



In the stage position, master and slave have a parallel position to the X-Y reference plane:

Support position

In the support position, the central axis of the longitudinal master points in the direction of theZ-reference axis:

X Re f

Y Re f

ZRe f

X

Y



4.3. Saving of connection definitions

In order to avoid that you must enter again already modified construction methods when loa-ding again the method, you can save construction types with different specifications. For thispurpose, open the function Steel construction, select the required construction type and therelevant parameters. Before saving this construction type, we recommend to test it first of alland to correct it if required. Then open the Editor in the tab Specifications in the dialog win-dow Steel construction < Construction by clicking the corresponding button:

After executing all settings and activating the button Save, the dialog window Save as originalfile appears than and the specified construction type can be saved under an individual name:

After specifying the construction type, save it by clicking on Save.

You should always insert comments be-hind the modified/in-serted parameters in order to be able to look up later the rea-sons for modificati-ons. Keep your entries according to 'column faithfulness'. Comments are intro-duced with '@'.

The name of the created file consists of the here assigned name as well as the code of the con-struction family as well as the number of the con-struction type - in this case - kno16spiel4.fsp.

Directory for saving the construction type as a file. The variable $DSPE corresponds in this case to the directory ..\customerdata\dspe.



In order to load later saved specifications, you can activate the tab Load in the dialog windowSteel construction < Construction:

Now you can select the corresponding file in the following dialog window Load:

Basics II. - Copy


5. Copy / MirrorOften the construction is similar or even identical in different axes. For reasons of efficiency itis often more reasonable to design a frame only one time and to copy or mirror it later insteadof constructing for example a complete hall frame each time again. In this case it is importantto make a complete copy e.g. of a hall frame, i.e. it must be copied with his secondary mem-bers, connections etc. Especially in case of small members errors might occur if no all mem-bers were copied together.

5.1. Selection of the start listThe bocad-system offers the possibility to copy elements, i.e. members, bolts, joints etc., viaalready existing points. You may also create new points in the source and the target plane. Inthis case source points are those geometrical places where the copies (later also mentionedoriginal) are touched and target points are those points where the copies are stored.

The number of the source and/or target points that are used for copying can vary (1, 2, or 3points). The point number of source and target does not have to be identical.The different num-ber of points of the source and target plane has different effects while copying.They are nowintroduced in detail.The function can be loaded via the entry Copy :via points in the menu Co-py:

5.1.1. Determination of the source and the target via one pointThis is the most frequent application. After loading that function, the user is asked by the bo-cad-system to indicate the elements to be copied. This can be done by separately picking allmembers and/or by enclosing a selection area with the help of your left mouse button ("Lasso").After completing the list of the members to be copied, confirm it by pressing the return key and/or by double-clicking with your left mouse button the last element. Then indicate the source

Here you can carry out the following three settings:x, y as picked leaves the x- and y- coor-dinate individually in selectable form, keep x pressed y individually selecta-ble, however x constant and keep y

Choose the setting Direct for the co-pying individual elements (members, bolts, three dimensional points, three dimensional graphics, three dimensio-nal dimension), in case of e.g. comple-te connections the setting

Basic settings concerning copying via points

Basics II. - Copy


point Q1 which is used as a reference point. By indicating the target point Z1, this point will becopied with its distance to the copies at this place:

5.1.2. Determination of the source and the target via two pointsUnlike the copying process via one point, while copying via two points you can align the copiesagain by fixing the first point and rotating the second one (or vice versa):

Original Copy

Q1 Z1

Original

Q1 Z1

Copy

Q2

Z1

Basics II. - Copy


5.1.3. Determination of the source and the target via three pointsWith the help of this function, if indicated a third plane point, it is possible to carry out a supple-mentary rotation of the copies around a defined X-axis.

5.1.4. Copy by dimensionApart from Copy :via points the bocad-system offers the alternative to copy elements via di-mensions. It is possible to enter dimensions in direction of all coordinate axes. This refers tothe coordinate system of the selected working plane which is normally the representation pla-ne. The representation plane is the plane in which you find the elements to be copied. All mainviews, the global plane or the representation plane can be selected as working plane. You findthe function Copy:via dimension in the menu Copy:

Original

Q3

Q1

CopyZ3

Q2

Z1

Z2

In addition to the co-pying dimensions, you can use replicator signs for multiple co-pies. For example, by inserting n: (dimensi-on) you will create n copies.

Dimensions are inter-preted relatively by de-fault value. With input of a: (dimension) you can also copy absolute-ly to the working plane.

For the selection of indi-vidual members and

For the selection of all members which were crea-ted with one function (e.g. bolt group). You only need to pick a member of the group for your selection.

For the selection of all members which will be connected in the work-shop. By picking one mem-ber all MAIN POSITIONS

Basics II. - Copy


5.2. MirrorThe function Mirror can also be found in the menu Copy and makes it possible to mirror ele-ments along a mirror axis. For this purpose, the geometrical places (Points) must either be de-fined by the local situation or before be created with the help of the point package of the bocad-system. By means of a hall frame we want to explain how you can design with this function.

Prerequisite

The left half of a hall frame was designed and shall now be mirrored onto the right side:

Execution

After selection the function Mirror inthe menu Copy, you can open thesettings for this function by clickingyour right mouse button.

In the Start list you should select thesetting Construction group sothat all members of a constructiongroup will be marked. Thus it can beprevented that members remain un-considered during the mirroring.

After confirming the dialog box withOK the user will see a message as-king him to pick those members hewants to mirror. The marking of themembers can alternatively be carryout by marking a selection area withyour pressed left mouse button.

Note: Only those members which are visible in the view window are edited.

Basics II. - Copy


After marking all members to be mirrored, press the return key. Then define the mirror axisin accordance with the message by at least two and at the most three points. In this examplethese are the points of the central axis of the construction:

Result

After defining the mirror axis by indicating the points the marked members can be mirroredat the indicated axis:

5.3. New connection partnersSometimes the copies includes different connections which are also copied from the sourceplace and are faced, however, with a new connection situation at the final target. The behaviourof this connection at the final target can be controlled with regard to his connection elementsand the new connection partners.

Mirror axis

Points of the mirror axis

Basics II. - Copy


Every connection is calculatedagain in accordance with the set-ting in New connection partnerson the tab Parameters at the finaltarget unless the setting main-tain is activated. Bolts, seamsand structural connection (theseare normally deleted) can here beindependently switched. The set-ting search finds new connectionpartners and extends for examplebolts, provided that this is neces-sary. Loose prevents drill holes inthe connection partners. Deleteexecutes the connection for ex-ample without seams.

5.4. Opened referencesSo-called open references can arise by copying or moving elements. An opened reference isa connecting mean which has less connection partners than before the copying process. Thissituation arises if not all connection partners are found at the final target and the partner searchhas thus remained unsuccessful.

Bolts are automatically ex-tended for copy

available elements

copied elements

New calculation in case of copied connections

opened reference after the copying

Basics II. - Copy


As countermeasures you find three dif-ferent modes in the dialog windows forcopying – and also for movingmembers – for handling opened refe-rences. The setting maintain links theconnecting mean to the old connectionpartner. Loose disconnects the link tothe old connection partner and deletedeletes the connection at the final tar-get. These settings are controllableboth for bolts and for seams.

5.5. Possible controlsBefore and after copying or mirroring elements, controls of the current situation should be exe-cuted. These controls can prevent a later modification of the construction. In the bocad-systemdifferent control functions are available. The fastest and most normal form of the analysis is theoptical control. For this purpose, you only need to open a total perspective (for example View> Perspective) and to get an overview concerning the source and/or target place. This shouldbe executed before and after copying or mirroring.

Controls before copying or mirroring

After loading the function for copyingand/or mirroring and opening the dia-log window with your right mouse but-ton, there you can carry out theoptical control of the current handlinglist via the icon the icon Show filterresult. In order to do that, click first the iconin the dialog window and then collectthe members to be handled. Whenthe list of the members is complete,terminate it with the return key. Then,a new view window opens, in whichthe members of the created handlinglist are displayed. Here you opticallycontrol whether the list is complete. Ifthis is the case, the required functioncan be executed with the further set-tings in this window. Otherwise thelist can be established again, byclicking one time more the icon andpicking the members again.

Icon Show filter results

Basics II. - Copy


Controls after copying or mirroring

If the copying or mirroring process of aconstruction was already carried outyou should carry out a supplementarycontrol of the opened references (cf.section Opened references). Thisfunction can be executed in the dialogwindow of the function for copying and/or mirroring on the tab Info. As soon asthe button Opened references is acti-vated, all references are controlled withregard to their status (i.e. open or lok-ked). As a result, all opened referencesare displayed in order in a window. If amessage box with the message List isempty! appears, no opened referenceswere found in the construction.

Basics II. - File


6. LibraryWith the help of this function, you can save designed details, construction sections, data basegraphics etc. in a database. Later, you will have access to created files from any project. Byusing this database, constructions contained in one specific project are available for any pro-ject.

6.1. Exporting sub areas of the model

Create directory of library

Before contents can be saved in the database, an already available database must be spe-cified or a new must be created. First of all we want to explain how to create a new libraryand/or target database. After selecting the entry Model: Library in the menu File the dialogwindow Library < File appears.

In order to create at first a directory of the library in which elements can later be saved, youhave to proceed as follows:

Note: For reasons of clarity, we recommend to create this file either next to the projectdirectory below the file ..\bocad or below the file ..\bocad\customerdata. Principally, any file place can be selected. For example, you can also create adirectory bocad on a server were you can establish the library. Although the li-brary name can be individually assigned, its contents should be as recognisableas possible (for example library_anchorplates).

Select the option Export/Delete ...

... Click icon ... Create new file, enter name for directory of the li-brary and confirm with the return key...

... ..click the new file so that it ap-pears in the input field Directory ...

… and create library for the mar-ked file via the button make di-rectory for library.

Basics II. - File


Export of elements into library

Now you export elements from every opened project into the created directory. For this pur-pose, select at first the tab Created in the dialog window Library < File. Then, assign anindividual access name for each element to be exported (for example anchor_plate_3).This access name must be entered in the input line Access name.

Finally, you must confirm this dialog window with OK. The selected export element will thenbe saved in the library with the specified Access name.

6.2. ImportIn order to import later data from the created library into a project, you must select again theentry Model < Library in the menu File and then activate the option Import in the dialog windowLibrary < File.

When importing individual elements, i.e. members, construction groups etc. it does not matterwhether the import elements are completely taken over since loaded elements any can be pro-cessed as required.

Choose tab Created, ...

... indicate an access name for the export element....

... indicate whether e.g. indivi-dual member or a construction group shall exported...

... and activate button Select/Create in order to select export elements.

Set the reference point of the member with the button Set anchor. In this ca-se, the definition is carried out via one to three points to be picked .In this ca-se, the construction is created via one point, in case of two points created and rotated and in case of three points, created, twisted and rotated.

Basics II. - File


The directory of the library for the import can be selected on the tab Access name:

The quickest way to select an element to be imported is to use the button Content which readsthe access names of the library elements into the selection list on the left side. Alternatively,you can open the content of the library via the icon Library content preview in a graphic pre-view:

First of all, select the option Im-port, ...

... choose the required directo-ry of the library on the tab Ac-cess name ...

... and select element in the li-brary:

By name via button Content and then selection in selection list …

… or graphically via the icon Li-brary content preview.

Overview of the content of the libra-

Preview of the selec-ted ele-ments

Choice of the selected ele-ments

Represen-tation con-trol

Basics II. - File


After clicking the access names (for example anchorplate_3), the element belonging to thename will be loaded from the library into the display window. The representation of the picturecan be controlled by means of the representation icons in the top window area. Click on thebutton Ready for the transfer of the library element into the construction.

After selecting the element, you will automatically return to the dialog window Library < Filewhere the selected access name was taken over. Now you can confirm the dialog window withOK in order to place then the library element as usual via points at the required place in theproject.



7. Constructional modifications

7.1. Stretch/ShortenIf you specify a stretching-plane, you can stretch or shorten and/or shift a construction with thefunction Stretch/Shorten in the menu Work on members. The intersection of the memberswith the stretching-plane is the important factor to decide whether the members shall be stret-ched, shortened or shifted. Members intersected vertically (+/- limit angle) by the stretching-plane will be stretched or shortened. The other elements will only be shifted if they are on themoved side.

Elements can only be stretched or shortened in the direction to their longitudinal axis.

In the following example we will explain how it can be assured that in case of a later handlingof the construction by that function, the support of a hall frame (HEA300) with its external flan-ges will be set flush on the axis (axis 1) (cf. following illustration). The support on the rightside shall maintain its position and the roof inclination shall remain unchanged on both sides.This means for the inclined bolt that it must be shortened by the height dimension of the sup-ports.

In this situation, there are two basic procedures which will no be explained in detail.



7.1.1. Shortening via perpendicular stretching-planeThe dimension by which the hall bolt must be shortened is not known for the time being. It ispossible to determine this dimension is by creating a point in X-direction with 50% of the profileheight, i.e. with a distance of 145 mm, e.g. via the function Points > Add.

Based on the basic and the new point the angle of the inclined roof then be rotated via thefunction Points > Rotate angle - with selected option Basic line: Pick. Then, the same anglewill be rotated from the second point, this time, however, with the option Basic line: +Y.

Now, we have four points which are be intersected via the function Points > Intersection. Theresult is a fifth point. The stretching value for the bolt is based on the distance between point1and point5. In this example it is 137.351 mm (cf. illustration next page).

In the next step we load the function Stretch/Shorten in the menu Work on members and weopen the corresponding dialog window by clicking our right mouse button. Here, we first entera stretching value with a minus sign; a positive value would stretch the elements.

If you then leave the tab with OK, you will see a message requesting you to indicate the mem-bers to be stretched or shortened and/or shifted. Since in the tab the setting Constructiongroup was selected, you only need to select the support(1), the sole plate(2) and the

Negative value for shortening ele-ments.

A limit angle is rota-ted to the stret-ching-plane. Members are consi-dered provided that they placed with their member axis

By setting Construc-tional groups, se-condary members will be considered as well during the stretching and/or shortening process.

Select Proj on axis on the tab Parameters if you want the stret-ching-plane to be verti-cally on the element.



bolt(3):

After picking all members, a message asking for the reference member for the per-pendicular axis appears. In this example the reference member is the bolt, since it shallbe shortened vertically on the perpendicular axis.

Then you must still specify the point of the stretching-plane and the side to the left or right ofthis plane that shall be shortened – this can be, for example, a point nearby the support. Thespecification of the stretching-side is the last information which is required for executing thefunction.

1

2

3

After picking all members to be hand-led (1-3) and specifying the reference member, you must define this point as the stretching-plane.

Inclined roof was main-tained.

Connections were ta-ken over correctly.

Low end has incorrect height after loading the function - therefore mo-dification is required!



As you can recognise in the previous diagram, the top edge of the support flange levels nowwith row 1. Here, it is absolutely necessary that all connections e.g. bolts, welded seams etc.of the frame edge and/or of the low end were moved correctly to the new situation. Row 1, forexample, stands for any point on which the construction shall be alligned with the aid of thefunction Stretch/Shorten.

As you can recognise in the diagram, the support is positioned flush with the row, however,having a closer look on the low end, you will see that the low end was shifted in its height. Thereason therefore is that the support was moved in the Y direction, i.e. it still has its originallength.

Now you can move the sole plate into the correct position by stretching it. Be sure to define thestretch plane that only the support is stretched and that the sole plate will be moved by the cor-responding stretching-dimension.

The determination of the stretching-dimension is realised by dimensioning the distance bet-ween low end and the required position (for example point distance in Y). As you can recognisein the following illustration, the support is stretched and at the same time, the low end is movedwith the help of the stretching-dimension and a horizontal stretching-plane (determination ofthe stretching-plane again with the option on Proj on axis).

In order to move the low end downward, the stretching-side must be below the stretching-pla-ne:

Point for the specifica-tion of the stretching side

Point of the stretching-plane



7.1.2. Shortening via vertical stretching-planeUnlike Shortening via perpendicular stretching-plane, the stretching-plane of the bolt willbe now in vertical direction. Specify half the outline height as value of shortening and define thestretching-plane is defined via 2 or 3 points:

Before defining the stretching-plane, you must first create two points which are vertically posi-tioned one below the other, related to the working plane, i.e. they do no have any x-distancebetween each other. For doing that you can use various functions the point package.

Limit angle must be set in accor-dance with the inclined roof so that the bolt will be marked.

Choose the option of 2 or 3 points on the tab Parame-ters.

Stretching-plane for bolts

Moved side

Previously created points



After carrying out the function, the surface will be as presented in the following illustration:

The elements of the module, i.e. arch plate, rib in the bolt etc. must now still be moved in verticaldirection.

.For this purpose, load again the function Stretch/Shorten and stretch the support by the stret-ching-dimension which is calculated in the same way as described in the section Shorteningvia perpendicular stretching-plane. Thus, the stretching-plane extends perpendicularlythrough the support and the specified construction group.

Bolt was shortened by 145 mm in horizontal direction

The elements of the con-struction group must still be moved vertically

Elements of the frame were moved by 145 mm to the right

Stretching plane

Moved side

Basics II. - Outputs


8. PositioningDescription

On positioning the members of a construction are allocated clear position numbers. Thesenumbers are used in the creation of drawings or selections. For that:

# the main members and secondary members are generated by main positions;# the position numbers for main and secondary members are allocated;# Numbers of items of the main positions and of the secondary members are generated;# Member lengths, weights … entered, which for example are taken in the selections; # Coordinating systems are rendered, so that for example supports always run from below

to above.

Explanation of "Outputs / Positioning / Automatic Marking"

The simplest and, for standard situations, the often sufficient possibility of the positioning is theAutomatic marking in the Outputs menu which is implemented according to firm defaults:

# All un-positioned members, as well as all members constructively altered according to analready effected positioning are examined.

# For identity with already positioned members are - under increase of the number of items- taken on the appropriate position numbers.

# Already positioned and non-altered members retain their position numbers. # For already positioned members the previous position number is retained after construc-

tive change, if they only occur once, or have all experienced the same alteration. Other-wise the younger, differing, changed members receive new position numbers.

# Altered members who can not keep their position numbers and all previously un-positio-ned members receive the next free number. These are aligned according to the start po-sition number, which is taken either from the Members-Creation-Box or from the pre-setting of the automatic positioning (1 for main members, 1001 for secondary members).The higher number is decisive here.

8.1. Advanced markingDescription

A positioning over the Advanced marking is effected with their pre-settings analogous to theAutomatic assignment, but can however be adapted to differing requirements contrary to the-se.



Explanation of the "Outputs / Positioning / Advanced Marking" dialogue box

Working list

The Working list establishes the working scope within which the members are examined andthe position numbers are given. The members are basically examined according to the follo-wing criteria:

# possible identity (geometry), # position number and mark text (if already positioned), # name and material, # member family and mark family, # identity number, # commentaries.

These criteria can be individually adapted (see Positioning < Outputs explanation dialoguebox).

Consideration list

On the consideration list is established the scope of the members with which the positions fromthe working list should be compared. Thereby,

" existing position numbers are transferred to new positions, " numbers of items of existing positions are adapted, " new positions are added to the assemblies of the working scope.

Hint With the definition of the consideration list another setting as Whole construc-tion (e.g. phase) leads frequently to false results.

Receive old position numbers

If the option to receive old position numbers is activated, positions which have not changedare not adapted for renewed positioning. I.e. their position numbers remain held, new positionsare correspondingly limited or given new numbers. This behaviour is generally preset.

Consider Above all, after changes the construction is to be observed with renewed mar-king on the activated small control boxes!

Relevant for Roof & Wallt!

See chapter ’Bent plate - Outputs’!

See chapter ’Determination of flat material’



Completely new numbersWith the production of members start position numbers for secondary or main members can begiven. If the option Completely new numbers remains deactivated, then the creation start po-sition numbers are considered for the positioning; i.e. if for a secondary member the start po-sition number 1201 was given for example, the position receives the number 1201. If thisnumber has already been given to this, or to another position run, then this position receivesthe next free serial number. If the adjustment met during the member production should remain unconsidered for posi-tioning, the option for main or/and secondary members can be activated. If the option receiving old position numbers is deactivated and the option Completely newnumbers is activated, for the positioning run the position numbers, for the already positioned,as well as for the newly produced members are re-issued.:Attention: The deactivation of both small control boxes leads definitively to the issue of

completely new position numbers for continuation runs after changes. Should acompletely new position number issue be desired, use first of all the Outputs /Un-positioned Condition function and then restart the positioning.

Modification index ... attachSo that changed positions receive a Modification index, activate the small control box beforeattaching. Positions which were newly adjusted or were modified in their member geometry,name etc. and receive a new position number, are seen in this way with a modification index.

also for number of items modifications.Such positions, whose number of items change, receive a modification index, you can activatethe option also for number of items modifications.Hint The activated small control box is only then effective, also if the Modification

Index option .. attach is switched on.

MoreVia the More button you reach the Positioning < Output dialogue box. Here you can e.g. carryout adjustments for position number areas, or modify the comparison criteria for the posi-tionings.



Explanation

Position numbers issueVia the options of the areas of the Position numbers issue you can influence the positionnumbers, i.e. their designation type.

! Introduce assembly positionsMembers who are geometrically identical, but who are differentiated through affiliated se-condary members, receive different position numbers. You can regulate this behaviour withregard to production (e.g. saw members of the same lengths):

no no is the general default value. Thus, members with the same geo-metry and different secondary members receive different positionnumbers.

Different position numbers for geometrically identical members!

Pos. 1 (without secondary member)

Pos. 2 (with secondary member)



! Weight determinationThe introduced assembly positions can be given out in a structure list. In order to get weightsfor the assembly positions, you must introduce these (on always, or in the case of in severalparts) and activate the small control box before the weight option.

always To summarize geometrically identical positions independently of theirsecondary members in one position number, you can introduce as-sembly positions. In an assembly position each members becomes asecondary member. Therefore they receive the position number of asecondary member (default value begins with 1001). Thus, each se-condary member is automatically allocated to the superior main posi-tion the previously relevant differentiation is no longer necessary.

Geometrically identical members receive the same position number despite of having different secondary members.

if assembly By choosing this option, secondary members for the identity checkare only introduced if they have several parts.

Members of drawing positions consisting of several parts are summarized in case of identity.

Z.pos. 1

Z.pos. 2

Pos. 1 (one part)

Dr.Pos. 2 (several parts)

Dr.Pos. 3 (several parts)



! Automatic prefix

So that you are able to better recognize positions, e.g. related to their profile type or withregard to their allocation to a phase in drawings or selections, there is the possibility to mo-dify their position text and assign them a prefix.

In addition you can establish number areas for special members herewith (see explanationsSPOS.INP).

! New beginning per prefix

Every adjustment with this option accesses the data in the SPOS.INP.

no ’no’ is the general default value. By choosing that default value, nomember will receive a prefix..

Standard prefix In many cases, you can use the standard prefix in order to differen-tiate positions; i.e. your positions will thus be checked in accordancewith the following characteristics and be provided the correspondingprefix in the position text. You can differentiate as follows:

# Designation# Profile type# Material# Member family# Phase

The positions and the allocation of prefixes will only be carried out ifyou make the corresponding input in SPOS.INP.

Phase prefix Originally, the phase prefix was provided for using prefixes for pha-ses. You may, however, use it as well for various other elements.Therefore, you must carry out the corresponding inputs inSPOS.INP.Hint:By choosing the following way you find a list of all possible designa-tion for the phase prefix:

" In the Outputs main menu click the Advanced marking entryunder positioning.

" Click the icon Set filter criteria behind the option Workinglist.

" Select the tab User filter in the inferior part of the dialogue boxMember filter.

" Open the selection list Key list in the dialogue box More mem-bers via the tab Key.

There, you will find more than 100 keys you may use as phase pre-fixes.

no no is the general default value. Thus, all positions are subsequentlynumbered and the start numbers in SPOS.INP are considered, if re-quired (see also Pomin_).

yes If you set Yes, each element group will be numbered with the corre-spondingly assigned prefix with the determined start position num-ber Pomin_. Therefore, in the position text may appear identicalposition numbers with different prefix (e.g. in case of settings for theprofile type: I201 and C201). These members are, however, notidentical from a geometric point of view.



! Marking sequence

Here you establish the marking sequence of the positions

! Modification index in position

Depending on project size or requirements with the order, it makes sense to attach positionnumbers to a modification index. With this option the index can be switched off or on:

Comparison criteria

In this area you can determine the characteristics of the members to be positioned and theirtype, as they should be relevant for the positioning.

! Potential identity

For the positioning the elements of the working list are compared with one another. Additio-nally, the potential identity of the elements is generally determined, with regard to the geo-metry (length, height, breadth, depth, gaps, breaches, copings etc.) and with regard to theprofile type. I.e. the members are compared with one another and in the case of potentialsimilarity, these members receive the same position number. In addition, the workingscope can be limited or subdivided:

Main members If setting the option Main members, only for each prefix will be coun-ted in case of main members.

Secondary mem-bers

If you set the option Secondary members, only secondary mem-bers will be considered for the New beginning per prefix.

Creation By setting Creation, the first created member will be numbe-red. The next created member will be subsequently numbe-red, etc..

Phase / Profile type/length

First of all, all members in the first member system will be po-sitioned. There, the profile types are checked in sequenceand are correspondingly numbered: I, L, Z, U, BL,ROUND, PIPE, MSH, C,T, Special, Special Rot(ationsymmetric). Subsequently, the members are processed inaccordance with their length. The longest member receivesthe next free number. Then, the next member system will bechecked and the members will be processed like in the firstsystem, etc.

no If you set no, the positions will be positioned without modification in-dex during the next positioning process.

yes 'yes' is generally preset. Thus, modified and new positions will be in-dexed during the next positioning process. Modified positions are:

" new members or main positions," members with modified geometry," main positions with secondary members which were modified

concerning geometry, position or connection form.These modified positions receive the modification index registered inthe superior box.

entire working list The entire working list is preset. That means that all ele-ments of the working list will be compared with each otherconcerning their identity.



! Position number / Mark Text / Designation / Material / Members / Mark Family / Identity Num-ber / Commentary Independent of geometry and profile type, the position relevance for other characteristics ofthe members can also be set. For the characteristics listed in the title the following adjust-ments can be met:

Position numbers issue screwsThe positioning of screws can be knokked on in this area. The following adjustments can becarried out:

Work on phases If you set Work on phase, the member systems will be chek-ked individually. If for example, both in member system 1 andmember system 2 identical members are found, these oneswill not receive the same position number.

only guidance parts TSwise

If you set the option only guidance parts TS wise, all mainmembers from different member systems which are potential-ly identical, will receive different position numbers. Secondarymembers will remain unconsidered for this setting. Identicalsecondary members in different member systems will receivethe same position number.

new members - newposition

The identity of the elements is not significant in the alternativenew members - new position. Every member will receive anew position number, independently of its identity. .

no A characteristic with a no-setting is not relevant for the position.yes A characteristic with a yes-setting is relevant for the position. That me-

ans: If members are identical concerning their geometry and profile ty-pe, but differ with regard to the yes-setting, they receive neverthelessdifferent position numbers. If, for example, the characteristic Designati-on was set as relevant for the position in case of the same profile andthe same geometry, two members will receive the same position num-ber in case of identical designation. If there also exists a different desi-gnation - as well orthographically (e.g. TRAEGER and Traeger) - , thepositions will receive different numbers.

Main mem-bers

In case of the option Only main members, only the relevant position ofmain members for the selected characteristic will be considered.

Secondarymembers

In case of the option Only secondary members, only the relevant po-sition of secondary members for the selected characteristic will beconsidered.

Standardmembers

In case of the option Only standard members, only the relevant positi-on of standard members for the selected characteristic will be conside-red.



! Type of positioningFor the Type of positioning of screws there are three setting possibilities:

Explanation of the "SPOS.INP" dialogue window

The SPOS.INP is a settings file for positioning. In this you can carry out inputs to determinenumber ranges and to evaluate mark text prefixes. By clicking on the button the file is openedin an input window: This file is organized into two areas: on the one hand is the area for the input of the Standard

prefix (above) and on the other for the input of the Member system prefix (below). However,

none Bolts will not be positioned if the setting none was selected (pre-setting is none)

Garniture elements In case of the setting Garniture elements, the garniture elementsof the bolt will be positioned.

Complete bolts If Complete bolts is set as option, only the complete bolt will bepositioned.



our main focus is oriented first of all on the following three lines:

This concerns the text display in a table. These lines help you to carry out the necessary ordesired inputs in the file whilst keeping within the columns. For working it is recommended toput the three lines directly over the working lines. In this way it is easier to work within the co-lumns.

Explanation of the page headers elements of SPOS.INP

Designation

As designation you input the characteristic, from which a prefix should be put before the marktext (Designation, Profile Type, Member Family or Phase). The first character of the designati-on is generally in the first position on a line. A figure directly after the designation (e.g.(PRFTYP1) assigns the appropriate prefix to a special profile type (in this case the I-profile).

Prf_l / _a

After Prf_ input the prefix text. This can be a maximum of 8 characters long ("column width").You can use different prefixes for Prf_I (prefix for main members) and Prf_a (prefix for secon-dary members).

Pomin_l / _a

Here you establish the lower position figure for main and secondary members. A maximum of8 figures are possible. With these figures the elements should be counted up with the givenprefix. If you establish number ranges for the prefixes exactly (e.g. I-profiles should generallystart with the position number 101, C-profiles with 201, etc.) and you choose the start positionnumbers for these different element characteristics relatively closely together, you will haveestablished as a rule more elements (I-profiles) in your project than numerically through Pominin SPOS.INP (e.g.: you have more than 100 I-profiles). I.e. the following start position numbermay possibly not be considered. (e.g.: you have 104 I-profiles, so it is counted up to number'204'; the position number for the C-profile can therefore not be kept ['201'], so the first C-profileis counted with 205.

Files which were read in from the SPOS.INP are considered as a matter of priority. I.e. deter-mining the beginning position figure in the POS/Main Menu dialogue box remains unconside-red, depending on setting in the SPOS.INP for the elements / positions given there.

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

/*Bezeichnung Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a

The first two sign alwaysintroduce a line which willnot be read and evaluated.

The first line shows the de-cimals of the table, in thiscase, the 30th decimals

The second line showsthe individual decimals ofthe table, in this case, the55th decimal!

The third line has thefunction of the header ofthe table. It shows what youmust enter in each column!

The decimal where the title was entered is also thedecimal where you must enter the corresponding va-lue into the lines beneath (whilst keeping within thecolumns).



Pomax_l / _a

With this figure (max. 8 figures) you establish the position numbers' upper limit. If the limit isvery highly placed (999999) then this has no effect. Set the limit relatively low, this has an effecton the subsequent positioning runs if you have positioned, worked over elements. Should po-sitions of a prefix type be deleted, these positions are furnished with initialized positions of thesame type. With higher upper limits the regular next position number for new positions is auto-matically used; so no existing gaps are closed.

! Standard prefixIn order to be able to use the Standard prefix setting, the corresponding inputs must beentered in the box. The following examples illustrate here possible procedures:

These settings remainunconsidered, depen-ding on the input inSPOS.INP.

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Bezeichnung Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for DESIGNATION/* ---------------------------/*TRAEGER TR 1 249 tr 5001 5249/*STUETZE ST 251 499 st 5251 5499

You must eleminate the first twosigns in those lines to be usedfor the positioning.

Thus, you can also enterhere other elements viathe corresponding charac-teristic.



or for profile types:

or for member families

Hint: A mixture with entering the characteristics leads to undefined results. There-fore, for the positioning only input prefixes for one type of characteristic.

! Phase prefixInputs for phases are only considered if you have carried out the Phase prefix setting forthe automatic prefix in the GM3DEF dialogue box. There are two possibilities for genera-ting a position number prefix for phases. The first possibility works according to the patternof the standard prefixes:

You input the designation of the element which is to receive a prefix, in addition to the prefixtext (max. 8 characters) and the position number, with which it is to be started. In this wayyou can, e.g. position in the manner of phase of construction, if you have laid down your pha-ses according to the single phases of construction of your project.

With the two possibilities (this is used with the choice of Phase prefix previously inputted)

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Designation Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for PROFIL TYPES/* -----------------------------/*PRFTYP1 I 1 249 i 5001 5249/*PRFTYP2 L 251 499 l 5251 5499/*PRFTYP5 BL 501 999 bl 5501 5999

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Designation Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for MEMBER FAMILY/* ------------------------------/*TKG50 101 249 5001 5249/*TKG174 1501 1999 6501 6999

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Designation Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for MEMBER SYSTEM/* ----------------------------/*TS1 BA_1_ 1001 1999 ba_1_ 10001 104999/*TS2 BA_2_ 2003 2999 ba_2_ 20001 204999/*? BA_3_ 5003 5999 ba_3_ 50001 504999

The question mark (in bocad called joker) considers all the other member sy-stems and provides them with the corresponding prefix. The joker may alsobe used in case of other characteristics.



prefixes are directly determined for the main member PrefixP and for the secondary mem-ber PrefixS.

If geometrically similar elements have different prefixes, so that different phases are assi-gned, you receive the same position number nevertheless.

Hint If the modified inputs are also used in further projects, the SPOS.INP conversiontable can be saved via the Save to Client button generically in the client file di-rectory. For positioning in later projects these modified settings can be broughtin via the Store from the client button.

8.1.1. Positioning with prefix for the designation in the position designation

Example:

Prerequisite

In the following procedure the necessary settings are shown as an example, with which deter-mined elements of the construction with a particular prefix and within a separate number rangeare able to be positioned via the Advanced marking. In addition, all members to be positionedwith the designation Bolt are to be positioned with the prefix R and increasing from the number301, if it concerns a main member and with the prefix r and the start position number 3001, inso far as it concerns the transom for a secondary member.

Procedure

" Call up the function Positioning: Advanced marking in the Outputs menu. " For Start and Working list input the Whole construction. " Open via the More button the Positioning < Outputs dialogue box." Input the Standard prefix option for the Automatic prefix." Click behind the SPOS.INP button to open the input window with the configuration file." Put the mouse on the position on which you wish to insert lines and input an empty line with

< > , e.g. in the following way:

" highlight with pressed left mouse button the default lines from the existing examples in

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789/*Designation Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*=============================================================================/* Settings for MEMBER SYSTEM (pre-setting procedure)/* ----------------------------PrefixP=DA-11PrefixS=DA-11DA-11 =? TS

Here the two signs /* were already eleminated andthis setting will be correspondingly read.

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Designation Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for DESIGNATION/* ---------------------------

/*.../*...



SPOS.INP. " Click the right mouse button to choose the Copy option in the opened context menu. " Put the mouse pointer at the start of the previously inserted empty lines, click first of all the

left, then again the right mouse button and now choose the Insert option.The result shouldlook something like the following:

" Replace the existing text now in the following way (pay attention to the columns!):

" Confirm your inputs in the configuration file with the OK button. " Confirm as well both dialogue boxes of the advanced marking with OK.

Result

The positioning is started. The existing bolts in the construction are positioned and designatedaccording to the SPOS.INP file.

8.1.2. Positioning with modification index in the position designation

Example:

Prerequisite

You have a positioned project. Alterations of a geometric and/or number of items nature havebeen carried out to already positioned elements. Additionally, new members were constructed.Now it is to be re-positioned.

Procedure

" Call up the function Positioning: Advanced marking in the Outputs menu." For the start and working list input the Whole construction. " Activate the options of Receive Old Positions, Attach Modification Index and also for

number of items modification. " Click the More button in order to open the Positioning<Outputs box. " Check whether the Modification Index in position is set on yes. If this is not the case,

change it appropriately. " Confirm both dialogues with OK, so that the positioning is started once again.

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Bezeichnung Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* Settings for DESIGNATION/* ---------------------------DESIGNATION FOR TESTING LT 201 999999 AT 2001 999999

/* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8/*345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890/*Bezeichnung Prf_l Pomin_l Pomax_l Prf_a Pomin_a Pomax_a/*==============================================================================/* /* --------------------------- R 301 999999 r 3001 999999



Result

All positions are newly examined and index or position numbers are issued:

! Modified positions retain the modification index. Their position number is retained if theposition only occurs once, or if all positions have experienced the same modification.

! New positions receive new position numbers and are equipped with the modification in-dex.

! Positions whose number of items has altered though the deleting or altering of membersare equipped in any case with the modification index. Their position numbers do notchange.

8.2. Convert member characteristics before positioningBefore the positioning material and profile designations, as well as designations can be aimed,altered or standardised with the help of conversion tables. Via these tables for example it canbe ensured that material designations are designated in line with old DIN designations on dra-wings or selections universally in line with new DIN.

Explanation of the dialogue box "Work on Members / Characteristics / Convert Charac-teristic"

Start listVia the start list you establish the working scope for the conversion of member characteri-stics.The scope can be modified or precisely specified through the filter.

Convert materialExisting materials of members can be converted into new, other materials, if the small controlbox is activated before the option and the output is knocked on via OK. As soon as the settingis active the Table and return options are offered.

TableIf you click the table button the input window is opened with the conversion table for the appro-priately activated characteristic.

returnThe conversions defined in the tables can also be standardised in the opposite direction whenneeded. For that the conversion is to be implemented with pressed return option. In this caseall existing designations from the correct column are exchanged for the assigned designationsfrom the wrong column.

Convert designationExisting designations can be converted into new, if you have activated the small control boxbefore designation conversion and then have started the output with OK. This makes sense ifyou want to standardize designations of members: e.g. MEMBER or member should become Mem-



ber.

Set Profile

Existing profile designations can be converted into others, if the small control box is activatedbefore the option and the output is started with OK. So, for example the designations HEA_300are converted to HE_300A in order to ensure, for example the transfer to other programmes.

Explanation of the 'Material' conversion table

In the Material Conversion Table the conversion from one material into another is defined. Withthe input of conversions pay attention to the columns.

LB

In the LB column is established, such as with empty marks before the designation is procee-ded:

MC

Via MC you determine the minimum quantity of letters in the determination:

0 In case of 0, empty spaces in front of the designation will be deleted.1 If you set 1 in the column, all empty spaces will be maintained.

0 In case of 0, the original designation will be adopted.

This icon showsthat the line willnot be read.

Do not use special signs!



WrongIn the Wrong column are the designations which should be replaced. So designations can be'wrong' if the geometric details are after the actual designation (such as for example HEA_300should be HE_300A) or in which the geometric details have the wrong sequence (such asFL10*200 - should be FL200*10).

CorrectIn the Correct column are the designations which are to be found later with the output usage.Hint: The conversion table for the Designation and the Profile designation works

analogous to the shown 'Material' conversion table.

ExampleConvert material designation from old to new DIN

Procedure

" In the Work on members menu, click the Characteristics > Convert characteristic menuoption to open the dialogue box.

" Activate the small control box before converting material. Further options are displayed." Click on the Table button. This opens the input window with the conversion table. " Define the conversion as portrayed in the following illustration (pay attention to the co-

lumns):

" Confirm the input and also the upper dialogue box with OK.

Result

Every found ST37-2 material is converted to S235JRG2. Already existing material designationsS235JRG2 or all other materials, if they have not been designated wrongly in the table, remainundisturbed by the conversion.

>0 If you enter a number, the entered designation will be completed with the indica-ted number. If the designation is longer than the indicated number, the completedesignation will be maintained.

@ LB ! MC ! Wrong (31 letters) ! Correct (31 letters) !@----!----!-------------------------------!-------------------------------!! 0 ! 0 !RST37-2 !S235JRG2



8.3. Identity examinationDescription

If members appear the same on the surface they may not inevitably be so. To check the identityof two members, the identity examination can be brought in.

Explanation of the output "info > members: Identity examination"

The With the Output Info / Members / Identity Examination are two members examined withregard to their identity. Additionally, they are compared with one another with regard to theirgeometry, their detailing and their affiliation phase. As a result, identity is given in the proto-col window, or however non-identity under details of the differences between the two mem-bers. A particular case is illustrated by the mirrored members below. Through a reflection are popmarks, which in the original form lie on the front side, in the mirrored form on the reverse side.On this basis both these members receive different position numbers.

Unpositioned, mirrored members

Positioned members with different position number (in spite of optical identity)

Example

Procedure

" Choose in the Info menu the Identity Examination output. " Pick both members. " Confirm after the second member with < >.

Created member, at the frontside of the web a popmarkwas created.

Mirrored member, inclu-ding popmark.

Asigned position numbers



Result

The examination result is given in the trace window:With that the results of the comparative characteristics are listed. With non-identity it is display-ed in which characteristic the members are different (displayed here): differences in 3D modelholes).

8.3.1. Set identically

Description

In special cases, geometrically and also other identical members can already receive once dif-ferent position numbers. This can occur, for example if members are equipped with slotted ho-les. In this case the position of the screw can vary and this circumstance takes care of then thedifferent numbering. Precisely then can it make sense to set the positions identically.

Prerequisite for using the function

Before you take advantage of this output, you must previously examine the members most ex-actly which are to be identically set, on their geometry and identity, for example via the identityexamination or through a comparison of the member information.

Explanation

There are two setting possibilities in order to be set identically:

Member

MarkFor the activated Position option positions are identically set, which are recognized after a po-sitioning run as not identical.



9. Drawing preparationbocad-3D includes together with the drawing evaluation a module by means of which differenttypes of drawings can be created automatically. In the following table you will see an overviewof the most important drawing types:

Appearance and form of the drawings can be largely adapted be means of a Control and thesesettings can be saved as drawing pattern for other applications. For the simple application youwill find also numerous prepared control patterns which comply with the most usual require-ments.

The drawing evaluation creates drawings in the format .bmf_ (bocad metafile) and stores thesedata in the separate directory plots below the project directory. In order to achieve an unam-biguous distinction, the generated drawing files are named following convention: [file-

Drawing type File key

Plane view (for example walls, roof surfaces etc.)

Perspectives In general a dimetry or isometry.

Explosions Main positions or individual components of the con-struction

Assemblies Assembly drawings with automatically calculated views and sections including automatic dimension-ing.

p

Components Workshop drawings of the single components with automatic dimensioning.

s

Natural sizes sheet-metal templates, scale 1:1 r

Unfolding Possible for tubes, components to be unfolded and rotation elements.

a

Main position drawing with dimensioning and parts list

Basics II - Outputs


key]_[phasenumber]_[positionnumber].bmf_.

Example: p_01_00022.bmf_

or in case of drawings related to planes, such as plane views, perspectives and explosions:

[filekey]_[name of the main view plane].bmf_

Example: pl_axis_1.bmf_

The entire use of the drawing evaluation is clearly carried out from a central dialog window -selecting the required drawing type, adjusting the control parameters up to the generating thecomplete drawings:..

In the tool bar of the dialog window you find the most important drawing functions of bocad. Byclicking the icons you can directly load the following functions:

! Show / work

! Delete a selection of drawings

! Print / Plot

! Create nested drawings

! Draw again position number

! Drawing with 3D-Model adjustment

! Global drawing settings

Startlist with filters: defines area to be considered for drawing ge-neration

Selection and display of control pat-tern

Creation of the left marked (i.e. blue background) drawing type.

currently selected drawing type

Tool bar with functions con-cerning drawing

Overview of the drawing types in tree representation.

Generation of all activated drawing types (i.e. selected with a tick)

Configuration of the current control

%

Ouputs - Drawing - Control


Drawing settings prepared by bocadDescription

bocad offers drawing patterns for the drawing generation in order to facilitate both the accessto the control and practice oriented results. By loading such drawing patterns, automatic set-tings in the dialog boxes of the drawing control are made. These settings comply with the majorpart of all design and engineering offices.In the following we will explain what kind of drawing patterns are available in bocad and whatkind of characteristics the drawing will have after being created with the help of the correspon-ding pattern.

Explanation of the designation of patterns

The designation of the control pattern is classified. First of all, they are classified in those mo-dules they shall be used in:

Only exception::

xx_bocad is a standard pattern you will find for all drawing types. It is a summary of the fre-quently used settings we prepared for you. All other cases the abbreviation is followed by ashort description about the main property of that control set, e.g. st_3d_flashing.

Note: An identical name of a pattern - like st_bocad - for different drawing types doesnot mean that you will find the same settings. There only describe the samemain property of a drawing pattern.

List and explanation of drawing patterns classified by drawing type

You will find the tables on the next pages.

Abbreviation ! Modulerw_... ! Roof & Wallgc_... ! Glass constructiontb_... ! Timber buildingsf_... ! Small fabricatorsc_... ! Steel construction

Abbreviation ! Drawing type

pd_... ! Permission drawings

ExplosionsName of the control Scale

M 1 : ...Frameyes/no

Format Particularities Page

gl_bocad varia-ble 25/50/100

& varia-blr DINA2/A1/A0

• Items without seals, without insu-lators

gl_pfost_rieg_glas

& • Represent only pillars and bolts

st_bocad 50 & • With position number

st_rahmen & DINA1R

-/-



Main positionsName der Steuerung Scale

M 1 : ...Frame yes/no


gl_bocad varia-ble 5/10/15/25

& varia-ble DINA3/A2

• represent covered edges as invi-sible

ho_bocad 10 & DINA1Q

•

sl_bocad & • With shortening, with compon-ents, with grid

• With part list for each main positi-on

• Dimensioning of the bolts “abs.+rel.“

sl_o_raffung 10 & DINA1Q

• like sl_bocad• without shortening

sl_ans_o_raff 10 & DINA1Q

• like sl_bocad• with all views, without shortening

sl_ans_raff 10 & DINA1Q

• like sl_bocad• with all views, with shortening

sl_2_nachko 10 & DINA1Q

• like sl_bocad• with precision of two positions af-

ter decimal point

sl_minA3 varia-ble 5/10/15/20/25

& DIN A3 • Copy of st_minA• With parts list for total number of

pieces

st_3d_blende varia-ble 5/10/15/25

& varia-ble DINA3/A2

• for non-parallel flashing (3D-flashing)

st_bocad 10 & DINA1Q

• With shortening, with compon-ents, with grid

• With part list for each main positi-on

• Dimensioning of the bolts “abs.+rel.“

st_bogen & • like “st_bocad” without shor-tening

st_bo_red & • Copy of st_bocad• Without components• Without parts list

st_bstzgstange & •



st_minA3 varia-ble 5/10/15/20/25

& DIN A3 • Otherwise like „st_minimal"

st_min_rahmen 10 & DINA1R

• Otherwise like „st_minimal"

st_minimal & DINA1Q

• Without shortening, without com-ponents, without parts list

ComponentsName of the control Scale



dw_a4_formteile varia-ble2/3/4/5/7/10/15/20

& DIN A4 • Front view of the current side (for this purpose deactivate the option Symbol for front view in Extras / settings / drawings / unfolding table)

• With unfolding

dw_a6_formteile varia-ble1/2/5/10/15/25/50

& 93,6 x115,875

• Front view of the current side • Without unfolding• comprises 4 DIN A6 frames

dw_ft_auszug varia-ble1/2/5/10/15/20

& DINA4H

• for each cross section one dra-wing

• Parts list including position num-ber

• best possible representation on A4

• Note: Activate filter for form members!

gl_bocad varia-ble1/2/5/7/10

& DIN A4/A3

•

ho_bocad 10 & DINA0 •

sl_bocad & •

st_blech & • like „st_bocad“• Without shortening• Note: Activate filter!

Main positionsName der Steuerung Scale

M 1 : ...Frame yes/no




st_blechA4 varia-ble1/2,5/5/10/15/20/25/50

& DINA4 • like „st_blech“• Without shortening• Note: Activate filter!

sl_o_stckz 10 & DIN A0 • like sl_bocad• without total quantity in block title

sl_2_nachko 10 & DIN A0 • like sl_bocad• with precision of two positions af-

ter decimal point

st_bocad 10 & DINA0 • With bolt dimensions (without popmark), with signature

st_bogen & • like „st_profil“• Without shortening• No operation position

st_bstzgstange & •

st_lurohr_schnitt varia-ble 1/2/5/10

& DIN A4/A3

• Like st_bocad always with in-tersection (View from left)

• For L-, U-profiles and tubes (be-cause of rounding)

st_min_rahmen 10 & A0 simple

•

st_profil & DINA0 • like „st_bocad“• With complete dimensioning of

the drill “abs.+rel.“• Note: Activate filter!

st_profilA4 varia-ble 2,5/5/10/25/50

& DIN A4 • like „st_bocad“• Dimensioning of the drill “rel.”• With shortening

st_sammelA4 varia-ble 5/10/15/25/50

& 93,6 x115,875

• like „st_bocad“• Dimensioning of the drill “rel.”“• With shortening• comprises 4 DIN A6 frames

Natural sizesName of the control Scale


Format Besonderheiten Seite

sl_bocad 1 & (99999/99999)

•

ComponentsName of the control Scale





st_bocad 1 & 99999x99999

• thick line for the outline• Designation at longest edge• Workshop and assembling bolts

with representation of the hole

st_brennfuge 1 & (99999/99999)

• thick line for the burner way• Designation at longest edge• With rounding radius

UnfoldingName of the control Scale



st_bocad 1 & 99999x99999

• Dimension via length and height

Natural sizesName of the control Scale


Format Besonderheiten Seite



9.1. Load a Drawing setting

Procedure

" Click the entry Automatic in the main menu Outputs in Drawing, in order to open the dialogbox.

Result

All settings you need for a drawing are automatically choosen and executed. If you load another parameter setting, there are taken some other settings.

9.2. Creation of individual drawings

9.2.1. Drawings related to planes - example: plane view

In the following description, we will explain in the example of a plane view how you can crea-te drawings related to a plane with the help of the drawing evaluation and by specifying anexisting main view plane. You can use the same procedure as well for perspectives and ex-plosions.

Procedure

# Load the function Drawing: Automatic via the menu Outputs, in order to open the dialogwindow Automatic < Outputs

# Mark there on the left side the entry Plane view in the selection of the drawing typesso that the name of the drawing type on the left in the directory tree has a coloured back-ground and is taken over on the right side in the window.

21

35

4



# Click the arrow icon in the line Control you, in order to open the selection.# Select there a suitable control set as a basis for the drawing to be created, for example

st_bocad.# After confirming your selection with OK, the name of the drawing control will be taken

over into the field Control of the tab Automatic < Outputs.

# Click now the icon Plane selection.# In the following window, activate at first the option Main view and click then on the button

Main view in order to open a selection with the available main views.# Mark here first of all in the left window section the main view you want to use for creating

your drawing. By clicking the button With you take over the marked entry into the right



window area of the main views to be edited.

# You can repeat the same procedure for marking any quantity of views for the editing pro-cess. Then close the windows Main view and Plane selection in each case with OK.

# In the window Outputs < Automatic you can now carry out the drawing generation thebutton for the individual execution (Start on the right side in the windows).

Result

The drawing generation is carried on now in accordance with your settings and in an ope-ning box you can the progress in percentage.

In addition, the drawing generation is registered in the log window of bocad. This log is crea-ted during every drawing generation and gives you, among other things, information aboutmemory location and the assigned file names.



9.3. Drawings related to positions - example: main positions

The generation of drawings related to positions, e.g. of main positions, components or naturalsizes, is carried out in the same way as described in the previous example concerning planeviews. Here it is absolutely necessary, however, to carry out the positioning of the membersbefore generating the drawing (see chapter Positioning). If you do not do that, you will read amessage indicating that requirement. In the following example we show you how drawings ofmain position including the respective components can be created.

Prerequisite

Create e.g. a construction frame and position the created members.

Procedure

" Click the entry Automatic in the main menu Outputs in Drawing, in order to open the dialogbox.

" Choose the setting Total job in the start list." .Mark now the entry Assemblies in the Selection of the drawing types so that the name of

the drawing type on the left in the directory tree has a coloured background and is taken overon the right side in the window.

" Click the arrow icon in the line Settings you, in order to open the selection." Choose here e.g. the control st_bocad." After confirming your selection with OK, the name of the drawing control will be taken over

into the main dialog box. " Click now the tab Settings to open the dialog box Settings assembly drawings." Check on the tab Central of the settings for Basis the selection With shop drawings and

switch it, if required on yes.

Adjust settings of smallpart in assembly drawings

" Close the dialogbox via OK." In the next step, set a control for the components drawings in the dialog window Automatic

< Outputs. " Click for this purpose on the plus-icon in the Selection of drawing types next to the entry

Small parts so that all drawing variants of this drawing type will be displayed." Click there the entry Shop drawing in assembly so that it will be marked in colour." Select - as in the previous selection of the control of the main positions - a control for these

components drawings by opening the selection in the line Control via the arrow icon andmarking there e.g. the entry st_bocad.

" Confirm your selection with OK, in order to take over the name of the drawing control intothe main dialog box.



Adjust control of components for main position drawings

" Mark now again the control Assemblies in Selection. " Now you can start drawing generation for main positions by clicking the button Apply (in the

dialog window Automatic < Outputs on the right side.

Result

Generation of the main position drawings is started with the before defined controls. After en-ding the generation, you can load and display the drawing by clicking the icon View dra-wing.Note: During the generation of main position drawings with components, the currently

adjusted control in Shop drawing in assembly is the basic control, indepen-dent of the other component controls.

… and the consideredcomponent control

Generation of mainposition drawingswith components …



9.4. Opening of created drawingsIf you want to control or graphically modify created drawings, bocad offers you two differentways to do that. During the generation of the drawing you can use the tool Drawing … show/work in the open dialog window Automatic < Outputs.The second way is via the function Do-cument: Open in the menu File.In both cases the following window will be opened:

After selecting a drawing via the display of directory, you can open it by clicking the button OK.

Document type: adjust here drawing

Access mode: Adjust not editable for simple view of the drawing and Document modus for graphical edition. Note: In the other modes you can modify the construc-tion by means of the drawing. Therefo-re, modifications in the model or drawings may have a mutual effect on each other!

Selection of file type: Set here the type .bmf_ for drawings.

Display of directory: : Select here place and name of the drawing you want to open.

The button Drawing info shows the sel-ected information concerning a marked drawing in the log window.

Activate, in order to open various drawings at the same time.



The drawing will then be displayed in a separate drawing window:

If you carry out graphical modifications of your drawing in this window, e.g. via the functions ofthe 2D-menu (2D - 2D work on - 2D copy), the executed modifications will not be saved im-mediately. Only when the drawing window is closed and/or if you browse to the next drawingin this window, a query will appear. If you choose No you will maintain the original version ofyour drawing.

Browse to the first/previous/next/last drawing in the current directory

Insert legends concerning modifications in drawings (date, name, etc.)



9.5. Interactive nesting

Interactive nesting in bocad means to create a list with previously created drawings, e.g. over-views, main positions or components in one drawing, the so-called nested drawing. Whendoing that, you can individually define the alignment of the individual drawings on this nesteddrawing.

9.5.1. Creation of a nested drawing You can either start the function for Interactive nesting in the menu Outputs via Work: Nestingor, during the generation of the drawing, in the open dialog window Automatic < Outputs viathe tool Nesting .In both cases the following window will be opened:

You can choose a file path (as reasonable default you will find the plots-directory of the currentproject) and a file name for the nested drawing. It is not necessary to indicate the file termina-tion. In the case of interactive nested drawings, the termination .bmf will be automatically ad-ded.

9.5.2. Parameters of the drawing frameBefore creating the nested drawing with the indicated name, you can design its external formvia the page format, setting of the title block, etc. Click the icon Frame parameters in the dialogNested drawings < Outputs, in order to open an additional dialog window where you can carry

Activate option for In-teractive nesting

Entry field for path and name of the file

Dialog for selecting the directory and file

Opens dialog for para-meters of drawing frame (see below)

You can set file paths via the directory structure as well by using your mouse.



out these settings. There are three tabs where you can carry out your settings:

After completing the frame parameters, you can confirm this procedure and the main dialogwindow Nested drawings < Outputs by pressing the OK-button, in order to open the comple-tely specified nested drawing for further processing.

Selection and configuration of a stan-dard frame, e.g. German frame, simple double frame, etc.

Entry of the format, e.g.:A0 or A0Q for A0-LandscapeA0H for A0-Portrait2000*865Frame2000 mm width

Positioning of the title block above an an-chor on the ne-sted drawing.

Optional loading and con-figuring of additional gra-phics.

Activating and editing of the title block (project and modification da-ta, representation, etc.).

If there are various formats, al-ways the biggest one is valid.



9.5.3. Establishing the nested drawing

In the open drawing window with the nested drawing, you will find the menu Edit in the superiorleft side. In this menu you will find a summary of the functions for further editing of the sheet:

You can load previously created drawings into the nested drawing by using the first functionLoad view.

Information concerning a selected dra-wing in the log window. Information de-tails can be individually created.

Anchor point defines the posi-tioning place of the drawing.

Creates a list - depending on acti-vated drawing types - of existing drawings in the selection window.

Determines whether the drawing shall be deleted, renamed or maintained after the nesting process.

Drawing pre-view



In that window, only those drawings of the current directory will be listed which correspond tothe filter setting - possible settings are Natural size, Components, Main members and Over-views. For each of those setting you will find an additional Member filter. Click the button Ge-nerate startlist in order to update the displayed drawings. The filter settings will be considered.

On the tab Miscellaneous in the group Nested.bmf_’s, you will find help for organizing nesteddrawings:

Here you may select functions such as Delete or unchanged Maintain of the nested drawings.The default value on that tab is Rename. The result is that the termination of a drawing file willbe changed from .bmf_ to .sam_ after the nesting process.

Drawings with the termination .sam_ will no longer be available in the selection list for the ne-sting process and the files can be clearly recognised e.g. in the Windows Explorer as alreadyused. By clicking the button *sam_ >* bmf_, individual or various files can be provided againwith the termination .bmf_, for example, if you want to add renamed drawings into a furthernested drawing.

After marking a drawing for loading, you can confirm your selection with OK and the dialog win-dow Interactive nesting < Load view will be temporarily displayed so that you can positionthe drawing on the nested drawing.

When you press your left mouse button, an outline of the drawing will be displayed (the positionof the outline with regard to the mouse pointer is in this case dependant of the previously ad-justed Anchor). You can move the outline individually on the nested drawing as long as youmaintain your mouse button pressed. By releasing your mouse button, you will position the



drawing on the nested drawing:

Then, the dialog Interactive nesting < Load view will be displayed again. Now you can eitherselect the next drawing for the nested drawing or terminate the nesting process by clicking thebutton Close.Now you can edit the nested drawings e.g. by means of the functions in the menus 2D and 2D



work on, as well as by means of the other functions in the menu Edit in the drawing window.

9.6. Position numbers on nested drawingsPrincipally, you must carry out the positioning before you can create drawings depending on aposition, e.g. drawings of main positions or components. If you place the created views on onenested drawing, the members will keep their position number.If you also want to list the nested members later in parts lists in combination with nested dra-wings, you must first register the relevant nested drawing. Here, you also have the option toreplace the position numbers of the members by new position numbers in combination with ne-sted drawings. You can do that by means of the function Marking in the menu Edit of the ne-sted drawing view.

By carrying out the function via the button OK, the nested drawing will be registered into theproject database together with the indicated sheet number. Additionally, the indicated mem-bers to be edited will receive new position numbers.

In order to facilitate the later recognition of related positions, sheet numbers and nested dra-wing files, you should always save your nested drawings by adding a serial number in the nameof the file, e.g. nested_13.bmf_.

Moving a drawing, for example a complete main po-sition, on the nested drawing.

Adding existing drawings into another position of the nested drawing.

Opens a drawing of the nested drawing in a separate win-dow for further editing. You can then take over modifica-tions in the nested drawing.

Deletes a drawing from the nested drawing.

Functions concerning positioning in combination with nested drawings (see next section).

Unambiguous reference number for later creation of parts list.

You can reduce the new positioning to ad-ded member drawings in case of repeated positioning of the nested drawing.

Control of the assignment of posi-tion numbers.

New positioning of the complete nested drawing or selected areas.



If you then have the sheet and position numbers by means of this serial number when registe-ring the sheet - in this example number 13 as sheet number and the position start numbersbeginning with 13xxx for main and secondary members, you can later easily recognise the co-herence.

You can use the function Edit > Delete sheet in the drawing window or the function Deletesheet entry in the menu Outputs, in order to delete registered sheet numbers.

Later, you can create parts lists in combination with nested drawing via the function Lists:Create in the menu Outputs. There, you adjust the member list to be evaluated to nested dra-wings and create a corresponding parts list by indicating the assigned sheet number.

9.7. Automatic nestingUnlike Interactive nesting, in bocad you have two possibilities to nest drawings automaticallyon nested drawings. The main difference is that in the first procedure already existing drawingswill later be nested automatically and, in the second procedure, the nesting will be carried outdirectly during the creation of the drawings.

9.7.1. Automatic nesting after the generation of drawingsThis nesting method is started in the same way as the Interactive nesting, either in the menuOutputs via Work: Nesting or, during the generation of the drawing, in the dialog window Au-tomatic < Outputs via the tool Nesting .In both cases a dialog window will be opened. In thatwindow you must activate the option Automatic:

Concerning the sheet name and the frame, the procedure must be carried out in the same wayas in Interactive nesting (see section Interactive nesting).

By means of the Adjustment logic you define the criteria by which member drawings shall be



adjusted on the nested drawing:

Applying the first four options, the drawing, before the nesting process, will be sorted internallyin accordance with their extremes and classified in dependence of the adjustment logic (fallingwidths and/or heights and rising widths and/or heights). In accordance with this sorting, thedrawings on the nested drawing will be allocated in columns. The rest of the space in each co-lumn as well as the last column will still be filled during this process.

If you adjust Sequence as adjustment logic, the drawings will be nested in the selection se-quence. The existing rest of the space will not be considered. The adjustment logic Optimiza-tion applies the automatism of falling widths; however, this function tries to fill the rest of thespace of each line.

You should select the Drawing clearances in vertical and horizontal direction so that, on theone hand, the complete designation will be legible and, on the other hand, the sheet surfacewill be used in the best possible way.

9.7.2. Automatic nesting directly during the generation of drawings Alternatively to the later automatic nesting, nested drawings can be directly created during thegeneration of member drawings.For this purpose, load the function Drawing: Automatic in the menu Outputs:Adjust then inthe following dialog window Automatic < Outputs the drawing type and the automatic nestingduring the generation of the drawing.

The exact settings, such as the automatic nesting during the generation of the drawing, will beconfigured in a separate dialog window.If you open this dialog window via the button Control, you will see there on the left side thepossible settings of the control in form of a tree structure. After opening the group Paper andmarking the entry Automatic nesting, you can open a window with the nesting parameters by

Selection of a drawing type …

... and activation of the control option Asa.



clicking the button Automatic nesting in the right window area.

After carrying out the settings concerning the Adjustment logic (see section Automatic ne-sting after the generation of the drawing) and closing the control window, you can start thegeneration by clicking the button Start in the window Automatic < Outputs.

The created nested drawing will be saved with the default name in the plots-directory of theproject (in this example, sam_ei001.bmf_ for the nested components drawings. This directo-ry can be opened e.g. by means of the tool Drawing … show/work … in the dialog windowAutomatic < Outputs for control purposes or for graphical modification.

Setting of the adjustment logic in the same way as Automatic nesting after the generation of drawings.

File name of the nested drawing to be created.



9.8. Graphical modification

If you want to carry out graphical modification in created drawings, you can use the functionsin the menus 2D, 2D work on and 2D copy. They should, however, not be used for replacingthe function of the automatic generation of drawings. These functions are rather suited as wor-king aid for later corrections (e.g. moving of groups) and amendments (e.g. setting of texts).

Here, you must always differentiate between model elements and graphical elements. Whenyou open a drawing, you will find there, among other things, the members of the model. If you,for example, remove a member in a view by clicking the function Delete graphics, this is amerely graphic process which will have no effect on the construction. This is only the case ifyou apply the function Delete member for that member.

First of all, open the drawing if you want to carry out graphical modification. This should be donein Document modus for the graphical edition of the drawing (see section Opening of createddrawings). The various functions for graphical edition can only be applied for a particular groupof graphical elements. In the following we will explain the different elements on which the dra-wings are based.

In the 2D-menus you will find fuctions for the graphical edition, such as Move by distance.Those functions differentiate between various graphical element types: Primitive, Segmentand Group.

The following nested drawing is composed of various views. Each view represents a group:

We also have some groups which are composed of various segments. You can edit thesegroups individually, e.g. copying or deleting, if you set the relevant graphical functions on edi-

All member drawings can be treated individually as group

Opens an individual group in a separate window for graphi-cal edition

2D graphical function, adjusted for edition of groups



tion of segments:

The smallest graphical elements within drawings in bocad is the primitive. As you will recogni-se in the below illustration, a grahic is devided into individual primitives:

These elements can also be individually edited with the help of the different graphical functions.

Segments2D graphical function with application area Segment

Primitives

2D graphical function with application area Primitive

Basics II. - Index

Version 20.000 26.04.05 bocad-3D Edition Steel - A

10. IndexA

Adjustment logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 90

B

Bent level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 18Bent plate

Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 24Bent plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 6

Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 24Beschichtung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 13Beschichtungsbereich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7

C

Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 19Construction dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 22Construction methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 27

Graphical input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 29Graphical selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 28Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 29Reference plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 32

Constructions methodsSaving specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 34

Controlsafter copying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 43

Controls. before copying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 42Coo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 2Copy

via dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 38Via points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 36

Create directory of library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 44Creation of a nested drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 84

D

Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 44Detailing

Coping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 3Create internal contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 3Cut member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 2Delete internal contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 4Freely pick external outline . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 5Move internal contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 4Outside edge shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 5

drawing evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 76Drawing frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 84drawing window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 83Drawings related to positions . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 80

E

Edge direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 19Edge length, minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 23Edge start symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 16External side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7

F

Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7Finishing range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7Folding radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 19Front side symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 16

G

Gusset plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 27

I

inside angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 21

K

Kantniveau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 18

L

Librarycontent preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 46Import from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 45

M

Manuals construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 30Manufacturing dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 22Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 36, 4 – 39Mirror axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 40

N

NestingInteractive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 84

O

Opened references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 41

P

Parallel bent plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 6perforation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7Plate thickness determination . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 18Point form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 12points of tangency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 22Profile surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7

R

Recalculate connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 31Reference plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 11

S

Set rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 18Shortening

via vertical stretching-plane . . . . . . . . . 6 – 54Shortening via perpendicular stretching-plane . 6 – 49Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 48Surface

Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 21Surface points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 21

Basics II. - Index

Version 20.000 26.04.05 bocad-3D Edition Steel - B

T

Triangle symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 20TSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 9

U

Unfolding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 20Unfolding table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 24

bocad basic

Documents

d cad program

d model

d editions basics

d workplace22

d editions icontens1

d editions ii10

program version

program starting32