body composition and bmd in egyptian 222 final

8/7/2019 Body Composition and BMD in Egyptian 222 Final

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Body Composition and Bone

Mineral Density in EgyptianOverweight Women

Omar Hussein*, Moushira Erfan**, Safenaz Youssif**

* Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, **Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, NRC

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The human body is composed of a variety of different tissue types; adipose tissue (fat), leantissues including muscles & organs and bone.

Body Composition is a technical term used todescribe the different components that whentaken together make up a person's body weight.

Accurate assessment of body composition isimportant for providing fundamental whole bodydescriptive characteristics.



Methods of body composition

assessment Radiological assessment

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry "DXA”.

Computed tomography (CT).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

BIA is a method based on the resistance tothe passage of electric current through

organic tissues, which have different waterand electrolytic content.



(DXA) was originally designed to measure bonemineral content, and is still most widely used forthis application, but this method may also beused to estimate the composition of soft tissue

lean mass and fat mass of the total body andsegmental body regions.

Dual energy x-ray

absorptiometry (DXA)



IntroductionOsteoporosis and obesity are important global

health problems with an increasing prevalence.

A positive association between body weight orbody mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density

(BMD) has been clearly demonstrated.

Possible explanations for higher BMD in heavierpeople include the weight-bearing effect of bothfat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM).

lean mass is thought to influence bone throughmuscle-mediated effects of physical exercise.

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The effect of fat distribution on BMD is farfrom clear.

Adipose tissue might influence BMD throughthe production of hormone and adipokines by

adipocyte or through an effect on thesecretion of bone-active hormones from thepancreas.

In postmenopausal women fat mass hasbeen shown most consistently to be positivelyrelated to BMD, possibly mediated by higherestrogen levels.

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The aim of our study is to investigate the relation

between body composition parameters and bonemineral density in overweight Egyptian women.

Our study investigated the differential effects of fat

mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) on BMD in pre and postmenopusal overweight women.

Correlations between total and regional BMD andregional FM, LM and total body fat percentage were

studied in both groups.

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Subjects and Methods

This study designed as a cross-sectional investigation,performed on 50 Egyptian women aged between 30 and 70years with a mean age of 52.9 +/- 10.9 years old and bodymass index (BMI) over 25.

BMI = Weight/height2 (N=20-25, overweight=25-30, Obese > 30).

Total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) and bodycomposition were measured by dual-energy X-rayabsorptiometry (DXA- Lunar).

BMD was measured at the radius, hip, lumbar spine andtotal body (BMD and BMC).

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Anthropometric measurements were taken for

all subjects including weight, height, waist, hipand mid upper arm circumferences.

A. Sites of the circumference measurements. b Regions of trunk fat (T), leg fat (L),

‘‘android’’ fat, and ‘‘gynoid’’ fat assessed by DXA

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Subjects were divided into two groups accordingto the menstrual history, pre-menopausal andpost-menopausal.

Comparison between pre- and post-menopausalgroups were done by the Student t-test.

The multiple-regression analysis stepwise method

was used to determine the relative contribution of body composition variables on total and regional

BMD.

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Results

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Table 1BMD and body composition characteristics by menopausal

status



Table 2

Correlation between total and regional BMD and body

composition by multiple regression analysis using thestepwise method in Pre-menopausal women

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Values are standardized multiple regression coefficient. Values in parentheses arepartial correlation coefficient, −not selected by the stepwise method (P<0.05).

r2%



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Values are standardized multiple regression coefficient. Values in parentheses arepartial correlation coefficient, −not selected by the stepwise method (P<0.05).

Table 3

Correlation between total and regional BMD and bodycomposition multiple regression analysis using the

stepwise method in Post-menopausal women

r2%

Fat ratio

body composition and bmd in egyptian 222 final

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