body fluid balance - ankara yıldırım beyazıt university · 2012-11-18 · • effect of osmotic...
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Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology
Body Fluid Compartments Dr. Sinan Canan
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Body fluid balance
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Body fluid compartments
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Tissue % Water Blood 83,0
Kidneys 82,7 Heart 79,2 Lungs 79,0
Spleen 75,8 Muscle 75,7
Brain 74,8 Skin 72,0 Liver 68,3 Bone 31,0
Fat 10,0 Whole body 62,0
Age % Water 15-day embryo 92
30-day embryo 80
Newborn 77 9 days 76
14 days 73 3 months 66
10-18 years 59 18-40 years 61 40-60 years 55
60+ years 52
Water distribution
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Water distribution
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Ion Intracellular Extracellular
Na+ 12 142
K+ 140 4,2
Mg2+ 30 1,4
Ca2+ <10-3 1,2
Cl2- 10 108
Intracellular (erythrocyte) and extracellular concentrations of various ions
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Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
Cations Anions
Ca2+
Phosphate ad organic anions
Protein--
Na+
K+
Cl HCO3
Mg2+
Ionic composition of body fluids
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Plasma
Insterstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Osmosis
Starling forces Osmosis
Fluid movements
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• Net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Movement is towards the compartment containing less water.
• For osmosis to occur: • Solute concentrations in the both sides of the
mebrane must be different, • Membrane must be semi-permeable to solutes.
• Osmotically active solute: • Solutes that cannot pass the membrane.
Osmosis
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Osmosis
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• Density of the water depends on the number of solute particles.
• Total particle number in a solution is OSMOLE.
• 1 osmole (Osm) = 1 mole solid particle • OSMOLE = Number of osmotically active particles • OSMOLALITY: osmol/kg (water) • OSMOLARITY: osmol/L; Osm/L
Osmolarity and molarity
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Effect of osmosis
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• Pressure that can prevent osmosis through a semi-permeable membrane. • Depends on particle density, • Proportional with the number of osmotically active particles
Osmotic pressure
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Osmotic balance
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• Measurement of osmolarity: • Cryoscopy
• 1 mole solute drops the freezing point of the water from 0 to –1.86oC.
• Freezing point of the plasma = –0.56oC; thus ≅ 0.3 Osm or 300 mOsm.
Osmolarity of body fluids - Measurement
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• Effect of osmotic movement of the water to the solution • ISOTONIC:
• Same osmotic pressure as plasma. • No net movement between cells and the surrounding fluid.
• HYPOTONIC: • Number of particles is less then plasma; lower osmolarity
• Net water flow into the cells Hemolysis. • HYPERTONIC:
• Number of particles is more then plasma; higher osmolarity. • Puckering of cells (crenation).
Tonicity
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• Frequently used clinical solutions • 0.9% NaCl (saline) • 5% Dextrose • 1.4% Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Isotonic solutions
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Body Fluid Compartments - Summary
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Body Fluid Compartments - Summary
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Fluid movement
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Distribution of anions and cations - Summary
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Non-electrolytes of the plasma
Colloid osmotic pressure = Oncotic pressure
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Osmolar substances – (almost) Complete List Plasma (mOsm/L H2O)
Interstitial (mOsm/L H2O)
Intracellular (mOsm/L H2O)
Na+ 142 139 14
K+ 4.2 4.0 140
Ca+ + 1.3 1.2 0
Mg+ 0.8 0.7 20
Cl- 108 108 4
HCO3 - 24 28.3 10
HPO4 - , H2PO4 - 2 2 11
SO4 - 0.5 0.5 1
Phosphocreatine 45
Carnosine 14
Amino acids 2 2 8
Creatine 0.2 0.2 9
Lactate 1.2 1.2 1.5
ATP 5
Hexosemonophosphate 3.7
Glucose 5.6 5.6
Proteins 1.2 0.2 4
Urea 4 4 4
Others 4.8 3.9 10
Total mOsm/L 301.8 300.8 301.2
Corrected osmolar activity (mOsm/L) 282 281 281 Total osmotik pressure in 370C (mmHg) 5443 5423 5423
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That’s all for now...