body immunity system
TRANSCRIPT
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Body Immunity System
Jamil Ihsan | Nizan Dani Oktama | Harri Kahfi
XI Science 1 SMAN Plus Riau Province
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SMAN PLUSPROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar KubangRayaPO. Box 1447-Pekanbaru
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SMAN PLUSPROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar KubangRayaPO. Box 1447-Pekanbaru
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SMAN PLUSPROPINSI RIAU
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BODY IMMUNITY
Body immunity is the ability of the body to fight disease
germ in order to avoid from the disease.
EFFECTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMBeneficial:
Protection from invaders/pathogens Intracellular (e.g. viruses and some bacteria and
parasites) Extracellular (e.g. most bacteria, fungi and
parasites)Elimination of modified or altered Self
Detrimental:
Discomfort and collateral damage (inflammation)
Damage to self (hypersensitivity or autoimmunity)
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Body immunity is separated into two :
COMPARISON OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
No time lag A lag period
Non antigen specific Antigen specificNo memory Development of memory
INNATE IMMUNITYRapid responses to a
broad range of microbes
ACQUIRED IMMUNITYSlower responses to
specific microbesExternal defenses Internal defenses
SkinMucous membranes
Secretions
Phagocytic cellsAntimicrobial proteinsInflammatory responseNatural killer cells
Humoral response(antibodies)
Cell-mediated response(cytotoxic lymphocytes)
Invadingmicrobes
(pathogens)
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general response to anything other than recognized self cells
System/Organ Cell type Mechanism
Skin Squamous epitheliumPhysical barrier
Desquamation
MucousMembranes
Non-ciliated epithelium
(e.g. GI tract)Peristalsis
Ciliated epithelium
(e.g. respiratory tract) Mucociliary elevator
Epithelium
(e.g. nasopharynx)
Flushing action of
tears, saliva, mucus,
urine
1. Mechanical Barricade
Kind ofBody Immunity
Is present before any exposure to pathogens and iseffective from the time of birth
Involves nonspecific responses to pathogens
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2. Chemical Barricade
System or Organ Component Mechanism
Skin SweatAnti-microbial fatty
acids
Mucous Membranes
HCl (parietal cells)
Tears and saliva
Low pH
Lysozyme and
phospholipase A
Defensins
(respiratory & GI tract)Antimicrobial
Surfactants (lung) Opsonin
3. Complementary System
Effect Function
OpsinonCan stick microorganism with leucocytes so it
simplify for the occurrence of phagocytosis.
Chemotoxin Attract leucocytes to infection region
Making Holes Killing microorganism
HystaminHystamin produces the widening of blood vessel
(vasodilatation) and capillary permeability to protein
ChininHas function like hystamin and it can stimulate the
end of pain and itchy receptors.Kind ofBody Immunity
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Kind ofBody Immunity
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specific counter-assault against a known foreign invader
[previously recognized]Also called acquired immunity
Develops only after exposure to inducing agents such as
microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances
Involves a very specific response to pathogens
Kind ofBody Immunity
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B cell receptors
Bind to specific, intact antigens
Are often called membrane antibodies or
membrane immunoglobulins
Antigen-
binding
site
Antigen-
binding site
Disulfide
bridge
Light
chain
Heavy chains
Cytoplasm of B cell
V
A B cell receptor consists of two identical heavy
chains and two identical light chains linked by
several disulfide bridges.
(a)
Variable
regions
Constant
regions
Transmembrane
region
Plasma
membrane
B cell
VV
C
C C
C
V
Kind ofBody Immunity
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Kind ofBody Immunity
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Antigen-
Binding site
chain
Disulfide bridge chain
T cell
A T cell receptor consists of one chain and one chain linked bya disulfide bridge.
(b)
Variable
regions
Constant
regions
Transmembrane
region
Plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm of T cell
Each T cell receptor Consists of two different polypeptide chains
V V
C C
Kind ofBody Immunity
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Kind ofBody Immunity
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Kind ofBody Immunity
Kinds of T-cell1. Destroyer T-CellBonding itself with antigen secreting a lyphotoxin, destroy that antigen so causes
death in that microorganism.Producing a lymphotoxin protein to strengthen phagocytosis the power of
macrophage to the infection region.
2. Servant T-Cell (T4)
Producing interleukin-2 destroyer T-cell develops faster.
Chemical substance to produce antibody
3. Suppressor T-Cell (T8)
Retarding activity of T4.
Decreasing activity of destroyer T-cell.
4. Memory T-Cell
Recall antigen that has entered body and stronger secondary response from thatmemory T-cell shows that someone that has immunity to certain disease.
5. Amplifier T-Cell
Strengthen the works of T4,
T8and plasma cell.
6. Hypersensitive T-Cell
Produced lympoxin that is related with allergic reaction.
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IMMUNITY
Immunity is a treatment that causes someone becomes
immune to a disease.
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Lymphocytes are activated by antigens on the surface of
pathogens that infected the body Develops naturally in response to an infection Can also develop following immunization, also called vaccination
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B and T cells have not been activated, antibodies have
not been produced Is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the placenta
from mother to fetus or when IgA passes from mother to
infant in breast milk Can be conferred artificially by injecting antibodies into a
no immune person
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DISORDERS IN BODY IMMUNITY SYSTEM
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Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), it eventuallydestroys the bodys ability to fight infection.
HIV infects T-helper cells with often a long incubation of up to
10 years
AIDS name applied during advanced stages of disease
After immune system destroyed, opportunistic infections occur.Epidemic throughout much of the world
14,000 people are infected with the AIDS virus every day
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and that is transmitted mainly
in blood and semen
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
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Allergies are abnormal sensitivities to allergens inthe surroundings
Allergen(pollen grain)
B cells makeantibodies
Antigenicdeterminant
SENSITIZATION: Initial exposure to allergen
Antibodiesattach to
mast cell
B cell(plasma cell)
HistamineMastcell
Allergen binds toantibodies on
mast cell
Histamine isreleased, causing
allergy symptomsLATER EXPOSURE TO SAME ALLERGEN
Allergy (Hypersensitive)
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Biology is
Fun, right??Referensi Materi:
Nizan Dani OktamaHarri Kahfi
PowerPoint Maker:
Jamil Ihsan
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