body sar and eu - ministry of internal affairs and · pdf file ·...

Body SAR and EUB. Derat

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Overview / Outline

New Approach: Directive / Standards

Current applicable standard IEC/EN 62209-2:2010

Tablet case study

Future of EU body SAR testing

Maintenance of IEC 62209-2

IEC 62209-3

Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan 2

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The « New Approach »

EC directives define Essential Requirements for goods placedon the market

Protection of health & safety is one essential requirement

Directive 1999/5/EC on Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) defines essential requirements for wirelessproducts

European Standardisation Organisations (CEN, CENELEC & ETSI) develop technical specifications meeting essential requirements= Harmonized Standards

Demonstrating compliance with Harmonized Standards is the easiest route to demonstrate compliance of equipment withDirective


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Limits and Applicable Body SAR Measurement Standard in EU

Application of ICNIRP guidelines for limiting EMF exposure

IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) TC106 mandated « to prepare internationial standards on measurement and calculation to assess human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagneticfields »

The establishment of exposure limits is out of the scope of TC106

Harmonized standard EN 50566:2013: Product standard to demonstrate compliance of radio frequency fields from handheld and body-mounted wireless communication devices used by the general public (30 MHz - 6 GHz)

Refers to IEC/EN 62209-2:2010 applicable to demonstrate compliance following « procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz) »


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Scope of IEC 62209-2

Applies to:

Any wireless device transmitting EMF in the frequencyrange of 30 MHz to 6 GHz

With intended use at a position near the human body, in the manner described by the manufacturer

With radiating part(s) of the device at distances up to and including 200 mm


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General Outline of an IEC SARMeasurement Standard

Measurement system specifications

Phantom specifications

(shell & liquid)

Probe requirements

Scanning system specifications

Device holder

Protocol for SAR assessment

Measurement preparation

Device positioning

Measurement procedure

Post-processing


Calibration

Validation

Uncertainty estimation

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Phantom and Probe Requirements

Phantom specifications 2 mm thick bottom surface

Shell loss tangent: tan δ ≤ 0.05

Shell permittivity

4 ± 1 for f > 3 GHz

< 5 for f ≤ 3 GHz

Liquid depth: 150 mm

Probe tip diameter ≤ 8 mm for f ≤ 2 GHz

≤ λ/3 for f > 2 GHz


400 ± 5 mm

2,0

±0,

2 m

m

600 ± 5 mm

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Target Dielectric Properties

Tissue equivalent liquids should yield permittivity and conductivity values within ± 10 % of the target values

Formula to correct 10 g SAR when deviation of complex permittivity from targets is more than 5 %


Frequency (MHz) Relative permittivity (ε′r)

Conductivity (σ) (S/m)

300 45.3 0.87 835 41.5 0.90 900 41.5 0.97 1800 40.0 1.40 1900 40.0 1.402000 40.0 1.402450 39.2 1.80 3500 37.9 2.915800 35.3 5.276000 35.1 5.48

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Generic Device

Procedure for generic device if not categorized otherwise

SAR measurement performed for all accessible surfaces during intended use

Separation distance as specified in the user instructions ≤ 25 mm

If intended use is not specified, all surfaces tested directly against flat phantom (0 separation)


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Specific Devices

Body-worn

Body supported

Desktop

Front-of-face

Hand-held

Limb-worn

Clothing-integrated


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Procedure for SimultaneousMultiple Transmission

Procedure for devices incorporating multiple transmission modes intended to operate at separated frequencies(uncorrelated signals)

Due to probe and tissue limitations, multiple transmission modes are assessed separately then combined mathematically

Alternative 1: summation of peak spatial-average SAR

Alternative 2: selection of highest peak spatial-average SAR

Alternative 3: use of available area and zoom scans withinterpolation and extrapolation

Alternative 4: evaluation by full volumetric scanning

No normative procedure for correlated signals (diversity, MIMO, beamforming…) – IEC/EN TR 62630


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Informative Annexes

Fast SAR testing: short introduction to faster alternatives

Test reductions: low-power exclusions and reference to IEC/EN 62479:2010

Hands free kit testing: procedure for assessing SAR in the head from wiredheadset

Procedure for hand exposure assessment

Skin enhancement factor: SAR correction depending on frequency and separationto account for standing-wave in fat


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EU Case Study - Tablet/Pad ,10x15x0.9cm, with 3GPP, Wireless LAN & BT

Falls in the category of body supported devices

13Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan 13

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If held-to-ear use might be supported also apply head SAR testing –EN/IEC 62209-1:2005

Procedures accounting for P-sensors not yet standardized (maintenance)

SAR for single transmission

Exclusion for transmitters with nominal average output power below 20 mW (13 dBm): typically BT

All other modes to be assessed

If intended use is specified, each usable orientation of the device shall be tested at separation distance (≤ 25 mm) as defined in user instructions

If intended use is not specified, all usable orientation shall be tested at 0 mm separation from flat phantom (5 facets)


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Test positions for 3GPP & WLAN: Rear, Edge 1, Edge 2, Edge 3, Edge 4

Multi-band WLAN+3GPP+BT simultaneous transmission must be assessed following one of the 4 alternatives for each test position

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Alternative 1: summation - most conservative but faster approach

Alternative 2: most likely applicable and more accurate when antennas are distant from each other - requires point-to-point recombination of area scans and meeting of “5 % overlap” condition

Alternative 3: more accurate than 1 and 2 but more processing

Alternative 4: most accurate but more time consuming


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Future of IEC SAR Measurement Standards

IEC MT1/62209 mandated to revise IEC 62209-2

Revise IEC 62209-1 Revise IEC 62209-2 Unify IEC 62209 part 1

and part 2 standards by 2014-2015

Develop IEC 62209-3


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Activities of IEC 62209-2 Maintenance Phase (1/3)

Large simulation study on-going from 2010 to validate tissue dielectric parameters yield conservative exposure assessment

Fast SAR assessment

Methods with traditional hardware

Test reduction techniques

Low-power exclusion

Based on device total radiated power and depending on documented DUT characteristics – different maths but similar general concept as Annex B (informative) of IEC 62479

Procedure for transmitter used with host device

Accounting for high SAR variability depending on host device / slot locations


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Procedure to assess multiple source exposure

Guidance for devices using P-sensors

FCC KDB inspired

Procedure to evaluate separation distance – determination for normal and rotated configurations of sensor triggering distance

Procedure to evaluate sensor coverage area

Ultra-wideband and low-frequency sources for system verification

Harmonization with part 1


3 - 6 GHz tissue-adapted antenna

Confined loop antennafor frequencies below 300 MHz

[from Aprel presentation]

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Procedure to assess SAR for devices using LTE technology

Currently drafted in the form of a Publicly Available Spec.

Test positions based on IEC 62209-1/-2

Use of correlation between SAR and RF conducted power

Compare the SAR of the max power mode to the limit and use RF conducted power information to select additional test modes

19Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan

y = 0,9084xR² = 0,911

y = 0,9481xR² = 0,8234

0,5

0,55

0,6

0,65

0,7

0,75

0,8

0,85

0,9

0,95

1

0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

Normalized psSAR

Normalizedconducted power

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IEEE / IEC Collaboration

20Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan

IEEE

IEC IEC 62209-1

IEEE1528-2013

IEEE1528-2003

IEC 62209-2

Dual-logoStandards

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Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan

IEC 62209-3 – Vector Probe SystemsFaster Approaches / Different Harware

Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 3: Vector probe systems (Frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz)

P-members: Australia, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Sweden, USA

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[Kiminami et al., IEEE TEMC, 2008]

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Feb. 7, 2014B. Derat, EU Body SAR, MIC MRA International Workshop, Tokyo, Japan

Main Advantages of Vector Approaches

Enable advanced field interpolation / extrapolation techniques and accurate use of array systems: speed & accuracy

Can be modulation independent

Allow simultaneous multi-frequency transmission assessment and accurate assessment of signals with large bandwidth

Enable efficient MIMO SAR assessment procedures

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Conclusion

Body SAR in EU – standard-based and harmonizationapproach

IEC 62209-2:2010 – generic

Maintenance of IEC 62209-2 – Three main work directions

(1) Adapt methods and procedures to new technologies and usages

(2) Increase procedure efficiency: accelerate tests / reduce testing load

(3) Harmonize

IEC 62209-3 will move (1) and (2) one step further


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Acknowledgments

Warm thanks to Jafar Keshvari (NOKIA), Matthias Meier (Ingenieurbüro M. Meier), Mauro Francavilla (Telecom Italia) and Michael Derby (ACB EU) whose contributions helped a lot to prepare this presentation.


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