bohr diagrams for atoms. showing protons, neutrons and electron arrangements for neutral atoms of...
TRANSCRIPT
Bohr Diagrams for Atoms
Bohr Diagrams for Atoms
Showing Protons, Neutrons and Electron
Arrangements for neutral atoms of the First 20
Elements
Niels Bohr(1885 – 1962)
In 1913 Niels Bohr Developed a Model of the Atom
Niels Bohr(1885 – 1962)
In 1913 Niels Bohr Developed a Model of the Atom in which electrons are found outside the nucleus,
Niels Bohr(1885 – 1962)
In 1913 Niels Bohr Developed a Model of the Atom in which electrons are found outside the nucleus, where they occupy shells.
Period 1
Period 1
Period 2
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of Protons= 6
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of Protons= 6
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Approximate number of protons plus neutrons in the most common form of the element
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of protons + neutrons in the most common form of carbon = 12
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Carbon has 6 protons and 12–6 = 6 neutrons
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number ofprotons + neutrons = 12
Carbon has 6 protons and 12–6 = 6 neutrons
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Carbon has 6 protons and 12–6 = 6 neutrons
Number ofprotons + neutrons = 12
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Argon has 18 protons and 40–18 = 22 neutrons
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Argon has 18 protons and 40–18 = 22 neutrons
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Argon has 18 protons and 40–18 = 22 neutrons
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of Electrons in a Neutral Atom
= 6
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of Electrons in a Neutral Carbon Atom
= 6
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Number of Electrons in a Neutral Carbon Atom
= 6
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Phosphorus has 15 protons, 15 electrons in a neutral atom, and 31–15 = 16 neutrons.
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Phosphorus has 15 protons, 15 electrons in a neutral atom, and 31–15 = 16 neutrons.
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Phosphorus has 15 protons, 15 electrons in a neutral atom, and 31–15 = 16 neutrons.
Period 4
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Phosphorus has 15 protons, 15 electrons in a neutral atom, and 31–15 = 16 neutrons.
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
A lower shell must be completely filled, before electrons are added to the next shell.
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 e– in a neutral atom
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 e– in a neutral atom
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 e– in a neutral atom
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 e– in a neutral atom
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
1 e– in a neutral atom
An unpaired e–
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Hydrogen
The Bohr Model for Hydrogen
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 protons1–1 = 0 neutrons
2 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 protons1–1 = 0 neutrons
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 protons4–2 = 2 neutrons
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 protons4–2 = 2 neutrons
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 protons4–2 = 2 neutrons
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 e– in a neutral atom
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 e– in a neutral atom
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
2 e– in a neutral atom
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
The Bohr Model for
Helium
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
The 1st shell is completely
filled
2 p2 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
The 1st shell is completely
filled
Helium is a Noble Gas
2 p2 n
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
Helium is a Noble Gas
2 p2 n
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Helium
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
Helium is a Noble Gas
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
Add anot
her
shel
l
Period 2
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
Add anot
her
shel
l
1 p0 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 protons1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 protons1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 protons7–3 = 0 neutrons
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 protons7–3 = 4 neutrons
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 protons7–3 = 4 neutrons
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 e– in a neutral atom
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 e– in a neutral atom
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 e– in a neutral atom
The first 2e– go into
the 1st shell
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
3 e– in a neutral atom
The 3rd e
– goes into
the 2nd shell
3 p4 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Lithium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
The Bohr Model
for Lithium
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
1 proton1–1 = 0 neutrons
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
9–4 = 5 neutrons
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
4 e– in a neutral atom
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
4 e– in a neutral atom
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
4 e– in a neutral atom
The first 2e– go into
the 1st shell
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
4 e– in a neutral atom
The 3rd and 4
th e–s go
into the 2
nd shell
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
The Bohr Model
for Berylliu
m
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
The Bohr Model
for Berylliu
m
An electron pair
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
Another Possible
Bohr Model
for Berylliu
m
4 p5 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Beryllium
Another Possible
Bohr Model
for Berylliu
m
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
11–5 = 6 neutrons
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
5 e– in a neutral atom
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
5 e– in a neutral atom
The first 2e– go into
the 1st shell
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
5 e– in a neutral atom
The 3rd and 4
th e–
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
5 e– in a neutral atom And the 5th e–
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
The Bohr Model
for Boron
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
The Bohr Model
for Boron
An e– pair
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
The Bohr Model
for Boron
An unpaired e–
5 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Boron
Another Possible
Bohr Model for
Boron
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
12–6 = 6 neutrons
Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
6 e– in a neutral atom
Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
6 e– in a neutral atom
The first 2e– go into
the 1st shell
Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
6 e– in a neutral atom
The next 4 e– go into the 2nd shell
Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Carbon
The Bohr Model
for Carbon
6 p6 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Carbon
Another Possible
Bohr Model for
Carbon
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
14–7 = 7 neutrons
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
7 e– in a neutral atom
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
7 e– in a neutral atom
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
The Bohr Model
for Nitrogen
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
1 e– pair
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
1 lone pair
7 p7 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Nitrogen
3 Unpaired e–
s
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
16–8 = 8
neutrons
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
8 e– in a neutral atom
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
8 e– in a neutral atom
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
The Bohr Model
for Oxygen
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
2 lone pairs
8 p8 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Oxygen
2 unpaired e–
s
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
19–9 = 10
neutrons
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
9 e– in a neutral atom
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
9 e– in a neutral atom
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
The Bohr Model
for Fluorine
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
3 lone pairs
9 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Fluorine
1 unpaired e–
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
20–10 = 10
neutrons
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
10 e– in a neutral atom
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
10 e– in a neutral atom
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
The Bohr Model for
Neon
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
4 lone pairs
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A stable octet
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A stable octet
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A completely filled 2nd shell
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A completely filled 2nd shell
Neon is a Noble Gas
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A completely filled 2nd shell
10 p10 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Neon
A completely filled 2nd shell
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
Add anot
her
shel
l
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
Add anot
her
shel
l
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
23–11 = 12 neutrons
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom 2e– go into the 1
st shell
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
8e– go into the 2nd shell
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
8e– go into the 2nd shell
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
2e– go inshell 1 and
8e– in shell 2
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
11 electrons in a neutral atom
Since shells 1 and 2 are
filled, th
e last e
– goes in
shell 3
11 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sodium
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Sodium
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
24–12 = 12
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
12 electrons in a neutral atom
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
12 electrons in a neutral atom
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Magnesiu
m
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
Another Possible
Bohr Model for Magnesiu
m
12 p12 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Magnesium
Period 2
Another Possible
Bohr Model for Magnesiu
m
13 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Aluminum
Period 2
27–13 = 14
13 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Aluminum
Period 2
13 electrons in a neutral atom
13 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Aluminum
Period 2
13 electrons in a neutral atom
13 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Aluminum
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Aluminum
13 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Aluminum
Period 2
Another Possible
Bohr Model for Aluminum
14 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Silicon
Period 2
28–14 = 14
14 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Silicon
Period 2
14 electrons in a neutral atom
14 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Silicon
Period 2
14 electrons in a neutral atom
14 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Silicon
Period 2
The Bohr Model for
Silicon
14 p14 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Silicon
Period 2
Another Possible
Bohr Model for
Silicon
15 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Phosphorus
Period 2
31–15 = 16
15 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Phosphorus
Period 2
15 electrons in a neutral atom
15 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Phosphorus
Period 2
15 electrons in a neutral atom
15 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Phosphorus
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Phosphoru
s
16 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sulphur
Period 2
32–16 = 16
16 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sulphur
Period 2
16 electrons in a neutral atom
16 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sulphur
Period 2
16 electrons in a neutral atom
16 p16 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Sulphur
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Sulphur
17 p18 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Chlorine
Period 2
35–17 =
18
17 p18 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Chlorine
Period 2
17 electrons in a neutral atom
17 p18 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Chlorine
Period 2
17 electrons in a neutral atom
17 p18 n
Period 1
Period 3
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Chlorine
Period 2
The Bohr Model for Chlorine
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
40–18 =
22
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
18 electrons in a neutral atom
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
18 electrons in a neutral atom
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
The Bohr Model for
Argon
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
Argon has a Stable Octet
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
The 3rd shell has
8 e–s
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
The 3rd shell has
8 e–s
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
The 3rd shell has
8 e–s
The 3rd shell is completely filled. Argon is a noble gas.
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
Period 3
The 3rd shell has
8 e–s
The 3rd shell is completely filled. Argon is a noble gas.
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
18 p22 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Argon
Period 2
19 p21 n
Period 1 1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
19 p21 n
Period 1 1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
Add another shell
Period 4
19 p21 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
40–19 = 21
19 p21 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
19 electrons in a neutral atom
19 p21 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
19 electrons in a neutral atom
19 p21 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Potassium
Period 2
Period 3
The Bohr Model for Potassium
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
40–20 = 20
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
20 electrons in a neutral atom
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
20 electrons in a neutral atom
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
The Bohr Model for Calcium
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
Another Possible
Bohr Model for
Calcium
20 p20 n
Period 1
Period 4
1st Shell holds maximum 2 e–
2nd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
3rd Shell holds maximum 8 e–
Calcium
Period 2
Period 3
Another Possible
Bohr Model for
Calcium