Bone MarkingsBone Markings

Surface features of bonesSurface features of bones– Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons,

and ligamentsand ligaments– Passages for nerves and blood vesselsPassages for nerves and blood vessels

Categories of bone markingsCategories of bone markings– Projections or processesProjections or processes — grow out from the — grow out from the

bone surfacebone surface– Depressions or cavitiesDepressions or cavities — indentations — indentations

Bone Surface MarkingsBone Surface Markingsprojections where muscles, tendons, ligaments attachprojections where muscles, tendons, ligaments attach

– tuberosity – tuberosity – large rounded projectionlarge rounded projection

– spinous process (or spine) – spinous process (or spine) – sharp,sharp, slender, pointed projectionslender, pointed projection

– trochanter – trochanter – very large, bluntvery large, blunt irregular shaped projectionirregular shaped projection

– crest – crest – narrow ridge of bonenarrow ridge of bone

Bone Surface MarkingsBone Surface Markings

Projections that help to form Projections that help to form jointsjoints– Head – Head – bony expansionbony expansion at the end of a long neckat the end of a long neck– Facet – Facet – smooth, almostsmooth, almost flat surfaceflat surface– Condyle – Condyle – rounded rounded

projectionprojection

– Ramus – Ramus – armlike arm of armlike arm of bonebone

Bone Surface MarkingsBone Surface MarkingsDepressions and openings fro blood vessels Depressions and openings fro blood vessels and nerves to pass throughand nerves to pass through– Foramen – Foramen – round orround or

oval opening in a boneoval opening in a bone– Meatus – Meatus – canal-likecanal-like

– Fossa – Fossa – shallow depressionshallow depression

mostly to form a jointmostly to form a joint