bones
DESCRIPTION
Bones . Dr : Sherif Mohammed Zaki Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university. Function of bone. Gives a specific shape to the body and provides it with a central axis. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bones Dr : Sherif Mohammed Zaki Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university
![Page 2: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Function of bone
![Page 5: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1.Gives a specific shape to the body and provides it with a central axis.
![Page 6: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2- Protects the vital organs, the skull protects the brain, and thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.
![Page 7: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3- Provides surface area for muscular attachment.
![Page 8: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4- Forms the joints which make the important part of the locomotor system.
![Page 9: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
5-Transmits and supports the body weight. The vertebral column transmits the weight of the head and trunk to the bony pelvis then through the bones of lower limbs to the feet and lastly to the ground.
![Page 10: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
6- Forms the blood elements in the bone marrow.7-Stores calcium salts.
![Page 11: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Classification of the bony skeleton
![Page 12: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
According to their position in the body:
![Page 13: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bony skeleton is divided into Axial skeleton:
Skull and mandible.RibsHyoid boneVertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the upper
limb.Bones of the lower
limb
![Page 14: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Axial skeleton:
Skull and mandible.
Vertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the upper
limb.Bones of the lower
limb
![Page 15: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Skull & mandible
![Page 16: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hyoid bone
![Page 17: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ribs & sternum
![Page 18: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Vertebral column
![Page 19: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
According to the process of ossification
![Page 21: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
l-Intramembraneous: as Clavicle, Mandible, and skull Cap.
![Page 22: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
l-Intramembraneous: The bones are developed directly from connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme).
![Page 23: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2- Intra-cartilaginous ossification:
It occurs in long bones, vertebrae, ribs and base of skull. The connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme) is changed at first into a cartilage model.
![Page 24: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Classification of bones according to shape
![Page 26: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1- Long bones2- Short bones 3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic bones6- Sesamoid bones
![Page 27: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1- Long bone
• Present in upper and lower limbs (appendicular skeleton).
• Each bone consists of two ends called epiphysis and a shaft in between called diaphysis.
![Page 28: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1- Long bone
• Present in upper and lower limbs (appendicular skeleton).
• Each bone consists of two ends called epiphysis and a shaft in between called diaphysis.
![Page 29: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Carpal bones (in hand)
1- Long bones
2- Short bones 3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic bones6- Sesamoid bones
![Page 31: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tarsal bones (in foot).
1- Long bones
2- Short bones 3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic bones6- Sesamoid bones
![Page 32: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Scapula
![Page 34: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Sternum
![Page 35: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Skull
![Page 36: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1- Long bones2- Short bones 3- Flat bones
4- Irregular bones
5- Pneumatic bones
6- Sesamoid bones
Vertebrae
![Page 38: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
5- pneumatic bone
![Page 39: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
6- Sesamoid bone (patella)
![Page 40: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bones of upper limb
![Page 42: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Bones of upper
• Bones of the shoulder girdle: Clavicle: anteriorly. Scapula: posteriorly.• (ii) Bones of the arm: humerus.• (iii) Bones of the forearm: Radius: laterally. Ulna: medially.
![Page 43: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Bones of upper• (iv) Skeleton of the hand: Carpal bones: in the wrist. Metacarpal bones: in the palm. Phalanges: in the fingers.
![Page 44: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Bones of lower limb
![Page 45: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Bones of lower limb
• (i) Bones of the Pelvic girdle: Hip bone.• (ii) Bones of the thigh: femur.• (iii) Bones of the leg: Fibula: laterally. Tibia: medially.
![Page 46: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Bones of lower limb
• Skeleton of the foot: Tarsal bones: in the foot. Metatarsal bones: in the plantar. Phalanges: in the toes.
![Page 47: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Bony skeleton is divided into
Axial skeleton: Skull and mandible.Vertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the upper limb.Bones of the lower limb
![Page 48: Bones](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568163bf550346895dd4df2c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)