book 2: strategies - petrra - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
TRANSCRIPT
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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^jyarxp Al`f`edx`je Xmrjqgm R`ca
Rasadrcm Dss`sxdeca -^AXRRD), 4000&2>>8d ~rjoacx iqehah bp HI@H, fdedgah bp @RR@ `e cljsa cjlldbjrdx`je w`xm BRR@
Ladre`egdeha}~araecas
jixma^AXRRD~rjoacx,BDEGLDHASM
^AXRRD &de a}~ar`faex
`e ~rj&~jjrdgr`cqlxqrdl
rasadrcmAh`xah bp Ejal ^% Fdgjr, Dmfdh Sdldmqhh`e,
Fdfqeql Mdtqa, Xd~dsm K% B`swds deh Fdxx Bdeearfde
BJJK? 2*4>
Sxrdxag`asSxrdxag`as
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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Bjjk 2% Sxrdxag`as
2%4 ^rjoacx sxrdxagp
2%2 jl cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk
2%3 Sxdkamjlhar spexmas`s ra~jrx
2%8 Aey`rjefaexdl fdedgafaex sxrdxagp
2%1 Gaehar sxrdxagp
2%9 Cjffqe`cdx`je sxrdxagp
2%7 ^js`x`je ~d~ar je ~drx`c`~dxjrp rasadrcm
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A]ACQX@YA SQFFDRP
Xma ~qr~jsa ji xma ^jyarxp Al`f`edx`je Xmrjqgm R`ca Rasadrcm Dss`sxdeca-^AXRRD) ~rjoacx `s xj aemdeca r`ca~rjhqcx`y`xp `e jrhar xj cjexr`bqxa xj~jyarxp al`f`edx`je% Xma ~rjoacx w`lldcm`aya `xs ~qr~jsa bp idc`l`xdx`egxma hayalj~faex ji d hafdeh&hr`yaerasadrcm spsxaf%
^AXRRD's sxrdxagp mds i`ya ~`lldrs?
rasjqrca&~jjr idrf mjqsamjlhs dsxdrgax dqh`aeca;
gaehar&saes`x`y`xp deh aey`rjefaexdldwdraeass;
ijcdl drads ijr ~rjoacx dcx`y`x`as;
idrfar&~drx`c`~dx`je `e saxx`eg rasadrcm~r`jr`x`as deh xacmejljgp hayalj~faex;deh
rasadrcm xmafas l`ek`eg xacmejljgp dehq~xdka%
^AXRRD's ijcqs `s ~jjr ~aj~la,`eclqh`eg wjfae% R`ca `s xma cmjsae aexrp~j`ex ijr dhhrass`eg ~jyarxp% Xma xdrgaxgrjq~ xmdx w`ll baeai`x h`racxlp irjf^AXRRD dra xma xwj sqb&grjq~s ji xma~jjr kejwe ds xma fjhardxa&~jjrdeh xjfjrrjw's&~jjr% A}xrafalp&~jjrmjqsamjlhs w`ll baeai`x `eh`racxlp irjfljwar r`ca ~r`cas deh xma j~~jrxqe`x`ascradxah ijr eje&idrf af~ljpfaex bpm`gmar r`ca ~rjhqcx`je deh fdrkax`eg%Eaw r`ca xacmejljgp `s ejwdckejwlahgah xj mdya mdh d ~js`x`ya`f~dcx je ~jyarxp% Bp qs`eg r`ca ds xmaaexrp ~j`ex xj xdrgax xma fjhardxa&~jjr
deh xjfjrrjw's&~jjr, ^AXRRD ijcqsas
je xma 'acjejf`cs ji grdhqdx`je' deh `sxmaraijra ~js`x`jeah w`xm`e xmafd`esxradf ji cqrraex xm`ek`eg je~jyarxp e Bdegldhasm%
^AXRRD w`ll cjecaexrdxa je ijcdl dradsxmdx ra~rasaex xma dgrj&acjljg`cdl zjeassaryah bp BRR@'s e`ea rag`jedl sxdx`jes%
Xm`s w`ll dlljw xma sqsxd`edb`l`xp ji`esx`xqx`jedl ~drxearsm`~s% Xma ijcdl dradsdra dlsj ra~rasaexdx`ya ji xma gaeardl layalji ~jyarxp w`xm`e xma cjqexrp%
Sxdkamjlhar dedlpsas `haex`i`ah 42 ~rjblafsqb&grjq~s% M`gmasx ~r`jr`xp wds g`yae xjxma ldck ji sq`xdbla xacmejljgp, jr idrfars'ldck ji kejwlahga ji eaw r`ca xacmejljgp%Lass af~mds`s wds ld`h je acjejf`ccjesxrd`exs xj xacmejljgp dhj~x`je% Xma
xj~ ijqr ~rjblafs `haex`i`ah wara wdxarha~xm, saah tqdl`xp, ldck ji kejwlahga,deh ldck ji sq`xdbla fjhare ydr`ax as-FYs), as~ac`dllp ijr xma x`hdl waxldehs%
Xma sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs -SL)irdfawjrk wds qsah xj sxrqcxqra^AXRRD's ljg`cdl irdfawjrk `exj xmraagaear`c rasadrcm xmafas? ~rjhqcx`y`xp,q~xdka deh `f~dcx% Xma rasadrcm ~rjblafs`haex`i`ah bp xma sxdkamjlhar dedlpsas raldxa
xj bjxm ~rjhqcx`y`xp deh q~xdka, wm`cm w`llxjgaxmar haxarf`ea `f~dcx% ^AXRRD w`llqsa xmasa rasadrcm ~rjblafs ds xma bds`sijr cjff`ss`je`eg cjf~ax`x`ya rasadrcm%Sjlqx`jes sqggasxah bp xma rasadrcm~rj~jsdls -R^s) w`ll ba oj`exlp `haex`i`ah bprasadrcmars deh idrfars% Rasadrcm dcx`y`x`as
w`ll ba jrgde`sah ds sqb&~rjoacxs -S^s)dhhrass`eg s~ac`i`c rasadrcm ~rjblafs%
@f~lafaex`eg xma sxrdxagp w`ll bag`e w`xm
salacxah ijcdl drads% Xma af~mds`s w`ll ba
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
Sxrdxagp
br`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagp
br`ai ej% 2%4
Dldsxd`r W% Jrr deh Ejal ^% Fdgjr
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
je dcx`je&ladre`eg xj gaeardxa a}df~lasji r`ca xacmejljgp, hayalj~ah w`xm idrfar~drx`c`~dx`je, xmdx mdya sqsxd`edbla q~xdka~dxmwdps deh xmdx rahqca ~jyarxp dfjegxma xdrgax grjq~% W`xm`e ijcdl drads
~drxears w`ll smdra xma`r a}~ar`aecas dxragqldr faax`egs `e de j~ae ladre`egaey`rjefaex% A}~ar`aeca deh kejwlahgairjf rasadrcm jyar sayardl ijcdl drads w`llba smdrah xmrjqgm ray`aws deh
wjrksmj~s% ^AXRRD w`ll sxr`ya xj cradxade aey`rjefaex xmdx idc`l`xdxas ladre`egdeh a}~ar`faexdx`je%
4% @EXRJHQCX@JE^AXRRD `s d rasadrcm ~rjoacx wmjsa~qr~jsa `s xj aemdeca xma ~rjhqcx`ya~jxaex`dl ji r`ca&bdsah idrf`eg spsxafs`e Bdegldhasm% Xma gjdl ji xma ~rjoacx`s xj sqbsxdex`dllp `ecradsa hjfasx`c r`ca~rjhqcx`je deh `ecjfas bp 2>>=, sqcmxmdx `x cjexr`bqxas xjwdrhs d 1> !rahqcx`je `e rqrdl deh qrbde ~jyarxp bp2>41% Xma i`ya&padr, 0%1 f`ll`je ~rjoacx`s fdedgah bp xma @exaredx`jedl R`ca
Rasadrcm @esx`xqxa -@RR@) `e cljsa~drxearsm`~ w`xm xma Bdegldhasm R`caRasadrcm @esx`xqxa -BRR@)%
^AXRRD sxdrxs w`xm ~aj~la, ejxxacmejljgp% Xma sqccass ji xma ~rjoacx
w`ll ba fadsqrah ejx jelp `e xarfs jixacmejljgp hayalj~faex bqx bp `xsh`racx `f~dcx je xma l`yal`mjjhs jirasjqrca&~jjr idrf mjqsamjlhs% Xjdcm`aya xm`s gjdl, ^AXRRD w`ll
idc`l`xdxa xma hayalj~faex ji d rasadrcmspsxaf xmdx `s fjra ras~jes`ya xj xmaeaahs ji rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars% Xm`s
w`ll ba hjea bp i`edec`eg xma gaeardx`jeji xacmejljg`as deh a}xaes`je fdxar`dlsd~~rj~r`dxa ijr ~jjr idrfars je dcjf~ax`x`ya bds`s, xmrjqgm rasadrcm~drxearsm`~s baxwaae @RR@ deh xmaBRR@, qe`yars`x`as, eje&gjyarefaexdljrgde`sdx`jes -EGJs), xma ~r`ydxasacxjr, deh jxmar ljcdl jrgde`sdx`jes%
Xm`s hjcqfaex saxs jqx d sxrdxag`c
irdfawjrk ijr dcm`ay`eg ^AXRRD's
~qr~jsa% Xma irdfawjrk `s cjes`sxaexw`xm xma jr`g`edl ~rjoacx fafjrdehqf%
^AXRRD's y`s`je
'^AXRRD `s cjff`xxah xj cradx`eg deaedbl`eg aey`rjefaex ijr hafdeh&lah,~drx`c`~dxjrp rasadrcm xmdx ijcqsas jerasjqrca&~jjr idrf mjqsamjlhs -dcrjssacjspsxafs) deh xmdx l`eks basx sc`aeca~rdcx`ca w`xm xma `haex`i`ah ~r`jr`xpeaahs ijr ~rasaex deh ~jxaex`dl `f~dcxxmdx `s acjejf`cdllp sqsxd`edbla% Xmad~~rjdcm s aey`rjefaexdllp ras~jes`bladeh gaehar saes`x`ya'%
^AXRRD's y`s`je sxdxafaex `f~l`as dsar`as ji rayarsdls `e xma rasadrcm~rjcass% Bdegldhasm `s dlradhp fjy`egxjwdrhs d fjra hafdeh&hr`yae rasadrcmspsxaf% ^AXRRD's rjla `s xj sxraegxmaedeh idc`l`xdxa xm`s ~rjcass ijr rasadrcmje r`ca%
^AXRRD's sxrdxagp
Xj xqre xm`s y`s`je `exj radl`xp& xj gaxxma ~rjoacx irjf wmara `x `s ejw xj
wmara `x wdexs xj ba&
^AXRRD eaahsd cladr sxrdxagp% D sxrdxagp ~rjy`has d
irdfawjrk ijr xm`ek`eg dbjqx xmaiqxqra xmdx mal~s cjes`har dlxaredx`ya
~jss`b`l`x`as deh xma`r l`kalp
cjesatqaecas je xma ~rjoacx's gjdls,jqx~qxs deh dcx`y`x`as% Mjwayar,
sxrdxagp `s dlsj d ladre`eg ~rjcass% Xmaradra ds~acxs ji sxrdxagp xmdx cdeejx ba
hac`hah `e dhydeca deh fqsx ba bq`lx ds
xma ~rjoacx ayjlyas% Xma jboacx`ya jixm`s sxrdxagp hjcqfaex, xmaraijra, `s xj
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Wmara wa dra ejw
Xacmejljgp
Ladharsm`~
Caexrdl`sah
Eje&~drx`c`~dxjrp
Idrfars
Gaehar bl`eh
Aey`rjefaexdllp qedwdra
Wmara wa wdex xj ba
Q~xdka
^drxearsm`~
Hacaexrdl`sah
^drx`c`~dxjrp
Rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars
Gaehar dwdra
Aey`rjefaexdllp dwdra
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
~rjy`ha gq`hdeca je ^AXRRD's gaeardl
h`racx`je bqx ejx xj hascr`ba xma ~rac`sasxa~s xmdx xm`s w`ll `eyjlya% Xmqs xma
sxrdxagp ~rjy`has ^AXRRD w`xm dcjf~dss rdxmar xmde d rjdh fd~ w`xm d
~ra&~ldeeah rjqxa%
Xmara dra i`ya fd`e ~`lldrs xj^AXRRD's sxrdxagp?
D xdrgax grjq~ ji rasjqrca&~jjr idrfmjqsamjlhs;
Gaehar&saes`x`y`xp deh aey`rjefaexdldwdraeass;
Ijcdl drads ijr ~rjoacx dcx`y`x`as;
Idrfar ~drx`c`~dx`je `e ~r`jr`x`s`eg
rasadrcm ~rjblafs deh xacmejljgphayalj~faex; deh
Cladrlp hai`eah rasadrcm xmafas xmdxl`ek xacmejljgp deh q~xdka%
Sxdkamjlhar cjesqlxdx`jes
^AXRRD malh Sxdkamjlhar faax`egs `e
i`ya r`ca grjw`eg aey`rjefaexs, xmarasqlxs ji wm`cm mdya baae sqffdr`sah
`e 4> sxdkamjlhar ra~jrxs% ^AXRRD'srasadrcm sxrdxagp ral`as mady`lp je dspexmas`s ji xmasa ra~jrxs, wm`cm
~rjy`ha `eijrfdx`je je xdrgax grjq~s,xma l`kalp `f~dcx ji eaw r`ca xacmejljgp
deh y`lldgars' rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as%
Sxrqcxqra ji xma ra~jrx
Sacx`je 2 ~rasaexs d ~jyarxp sxdxafaex
xmdx sqffdr`sas ^AXRRD's d~~rjdcm
xj ~jyarxp al`f`edx`je, s~ac`i`as `xsxdrgax grjq~ deh `haex`i`as xma l`kalp
`f~dcxs -h`racx deh `eh`racx) je ~jyarxp%
Sacx`je 3 g`yas d br`ai jyary`aw ji xma
raldx`jesm`~ baxwaae ~jyarxp deh r`ca `e
jrhar xj cjexa}xqdl`sa ^AXRRD deh xj
ljcdxa xma ~rjoacx `e raldx`je xj cqrraex
xm`ek`eg je ~jyarxp `e Bdegldhasm%
Sacx`jes 8&0 adcm hascr`ba h`iiaraex
ds~acxs ji ^AXRRD's sxrdxagp `e
fjra haxd`l% Sacx`je 4> hascr`bas`f~lafaexdx`je%
2% ^JYARXP SXDXAFAEX Dllay`dx`je ji ~jyarxp xmrjqgm dccalardxah
grjwxm `s xma i`rsx jboacx`ya ji xmaGjyarefaex ji Bdegldhasm's -GJB)
i`ixm I`ya Padr ^lde -4007&2>>2)%^jyarxp dllay`dx`je `s saae xj ha~aeh
je rd~`h grjwxm `e dgr`cqlxqra% Xjdcm`aya xma eacassdrp rdxa ji grjwxm
`e ~rjhqcx`je, xma ~lde racjge`sas xmaeaah xj aydlqdxa dgr`cqlxqrdl rasadrcm
`e xarfs ji rdxas ji dhj~x`je ji rasadrcmjqx~qx bp aeh&qsars -~% 283)% Xm`s
ratq`ras fdk`eg r`ca rasadrcm fjraralaydex xj xma fdojr`xp ji r`ca
~rjhqcars, edfalp sfdll deh fdrg`edl
idrf mjqsamjlhs%
^AXRRD & ds `xs edfa `f~l`as & `s
cjecareah ~r`fdr`lp w`xm ~jyarxp dehejx w`xm r`ca% R`ca rasadrcm `s saae ds de
`esxrqfaex ijr al`f`edx`eg ~jyarxp deheaw xacmejljgp `s oqhgah ejx oqsx bp
xacme`cdl far`xs bqx je xma ~jxaex`dl `xmds ijr `f~rjy`eg xma `ecjfa ji xma
rqrdl ~jjr% ^AXRRD `s ejx xacmejljgp&lah bqx ~jyarxp&lah% Xj fd}`f`za
xma `f~dcx ji r`ca rasadrcm je~jyarxp, ^AXRRD w`ll idc`l`xdxa xma
hayalj~faex ji d rasadrcm spsxaf xmdx`s fjra ras~jes`ya xj xma eaahs ji
rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars, xmdx wjrks w`xmidrfars `e d ~drx`c`~dxjrp wdp, deh xmdx
cjlldbjrdxas w`xm jxmar ~drxearjrgde`sdx`jes xj aesqra xmdx xma `f~dcx
ji eaw rasadrcm `s ialx ds w`halp dehs~aah`lp ds ~jss`bla%
^AXRRD w`ll ljcdxa `xs rasadrcmdcx`y`x`as `e ijcdl drads xmdx drara~rasaexdx`ya ji xma layals ji ~jyarxpijqeh `e Bdegldhasm% @x w`ll dlsj wjrk`e irdg`la r`ca aey`rjefaexs wmararasadrcm mds sj idr baae lass sqccassiql
`e hayalj~`eg xacmejljgp xmdx cdes`ge`i`cdexlp rd`sa r`ca ~rjhqcx`je deh`ecjfas% Xm`s w`ll iqrxmar sxraegxmaexma hacaexrdl`sdx`je ji r`ca rasadrcm deh
fdka `x fjra ras~jes`ya xj ljcdl~rjblafs deh eaahs%
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
xma acjejfp grjws, xma smdra jidgr`cqlxqra `e edx`jedl deh mjqsamjlh`ecjfa w`ll hacl`ea% Xm`s hacl`ea fdpsqggasx xmdx xmara `s lass eaah ijr`eyasxfaex `e r`ca rasadrcm% @eyasxfaex
w`ll sx`ll ba eacassdrp, mjwayar, xjfd`exd`e xma cqrraex rdxa ji grjwxm `eijjhgrd`e ~rjhqcx`je, sdiagqdrh xmaaey`rjefaex, deh fdka xma ~rjcass jigrjwxm ds atq`xdbla ds ~jss`bla%
Dll`ah xj xm`s cmdega `e xma rasjqrcabdsa, wa ejw mdya d fqcm baxxarqeharsxdeh`eg ji xma raldx`jesm`~baxwaae ~jyarxp deh xma eaw r`caxacmejljgp, deh ji ~jyarxp `xsali%
R`ca xacmejljgp
Adrlp sxqh`as ji xma eaw r`ca xacmejljgp
wara gaeardllp ~ass`f`sx`c dbjqx `xs
`f~dcx je ~jyarxp% Xm`s y`aw `s ej
ljegar xaedbla% Wjrk `e Bdegldhasm deh
alsawmara mds smjwe xmdx xma h`racx
`f~dcx ji eaw r`ca xacmejljgp mds baae
~js`x`ya, rd`s`eg r`ca ~rjhqcx`je deh
`ecjfa ijr fdrg`edl deh sfdll idrfars,
ds wall ds `ecrads`eg xma hafdeh ijrm`rah ldbjqr, wdga rdxas, deh xma sq~~lp
ji ldeh ijr smdracrj~~ars% Ayae rag`jes
xmdx cjex`eqa xj ba qesq`xdbla ijr
xma eaw xacmejljgp mdya baeai`xah
`eh`racxlp xmrjqgm `ecjfa xrdesiars y`d
ldbjqr f`grdx`je deh ljwar r`ca ~r`cas
ijr cjesqfars%
Xma cjex`eqah s~radh ji eaw r`caxacmejljgp, cjfb`eah w`xm d idll `e xmardxa ji ~j~qldx`je grjwxm, mds mal~ahrahqca xma raldx`ya eqfbar jimjqsamjlhs l`y`eg `e ~jyarxp% Wm`la xma`ec`haeca ji ~jyarxp wds raldx`yalpsxdbla `e xma 40=>s, `x iall s`ge`i`cdexlp `exma adrlp 400>s% Bdsah je xma cjsx jibds`c eaahs, xma smdra ji ~aj~la l`y`eg`e ~jyarxp iall irjf 10! ji xma~j~qldx`je xj 13!, wm`la xma jeasl`y`eg `e a}xrafa ~jyarxp iall irjf 83!xj 39!% D ldrga ~drx ji xm`s rahqcx`je
`e ~jyarxp railacxs xma sxadhp hacl`ea `er`ca ~r`cas xmdx mds baeai`xah ldehlass
^AXRRD's h`racx `f~dcx je ~jyarxp w`ll ba l`f`xah xj mjqsamjlhs xmdx drafjhardxalp ~jjr jr xmdx dra yqleardblaxj ~jyarxp `e xma iqxqra% ^AXRRD'sxdrgax grjq~ `s brjdhlp hai`eah ds
mjqsamjlhs xmdx dra sali&sqii`c`aex `egrjw`eg r`ca baxwaae xmraa xj a`gmxfjexms ~ar padr% Bp xdrgax`eg xmasa xwj~jyarxp sqb&grjq~s, ^AXRRD ~js`x`jes`xsali w`xm`e xma fd`esxradf ji cqrraexxm`ek`eg je ~jyarxp xmdx ijcqsas jeidc`l`xdx`eg xma xrdes`x`je jqx ji ~jyarxprdxmar xmde je sxraegxmae`eg xmaras`l`aeca ji xma ~jjr% Mjqsamjlhsxmdx dra a}xrafalp&~jjr -< 4=>> kcdl%)cdeejx ba radcmah h`racxlp bp xma
~rjoacx s`eca xmap ldck sqii`c`aex ldeh xjbaeai`x irjf `ecradsas `e r`ca~rjhqcx`je deh `ecjfa% Mjwayar,^AXRRD `s a}~acxah xj baeai`x xmasamjqsamjlhs `eh`racxlp bp fd`exd`e`egr`ca ~rjhqcx`je dx layals xmdx w`ll ljwarr`ca ~r`cas ijr rqrdl deh qrbdecjesqfars%
^AXRRD w`ll h`racxlp xdrgax ~jjr wjfae `e jrhar xj `f~rjya dccass xj
saahs deh saah tqdl`xp% Xrd`e`eg `e saahmadlxm w`ll aemdeca wjfae's kejwlahgadeh sk`lls%
3% ^JYARXP DEH R@CA? DE JYARY@AW
^AXRRD cj`ec`has w`xm de `f~jrxdexxqre`eg ~j`ex `e Bdegldhasm's m`sxjrp%
Xacmejljgp cmdega `e r`ca mdsdccalardxah xj xma ~j`ex wmara, ijr xmai`rsx x`fa, xma edx`je `s sali&sqii`c`aex `eijjh% Bdegldhasm ~rjhqcah 3= faxr`cxjeeas ji ijjhgrd`es, `eclqh`eg 39faxr`c xjeeas ji qef`llah r`ca w`xm`e42 fjexms xj Oqea 2>>4% Wmdx saafah`f~jss`bla jelp d hacdha dgj mdsbacjfa d radl`xp% Xma `f~l`cdx`jes jixm`s cmdega dra idr&radcm`eg% Dgr`cqlxqra`s ejw sxdrx`eg xj ~ldp `xs m`sxjr`cdl rjla`e xma ~rjcass ji acjejf`c grjwxm,sq~~lp`eg ijjh deh ralads`eg ldbjqr deh
cd~`xdl ijr `eyasxfaex `e xma eje&dgr`cqlxqrdl sacxjrs ji xma acjejfp% Ds
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
7/901
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
cmdegas `e mjqsamjlh ijjh sacqr`xp,acjejf`c j~~jrxqe`x`as deh `ecjfa xmdx
w`ll cradxa sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs% Wm`laxma eqfbar ji mjqsamjlhs f`rah `e~jyarxp rafd`es qedcca~xdblp m`gm, xma
eqfbars fjy`eg jqx ji ~jyarxp `e xma~dsx hacdha sqggasxs xmdx ~jyarxpdllay`dx`je `s ~jss`bla jeca xm`sbradkxmrjqgm s dcm`ayah%
^AXRRD xdrgaxs xma ~jyarxp sqb&grjq~s wmjsa aexra~raeaqr`dl sk`lls w`llhr`ya xma acjejf`cs ji grdhqdx`je%
^AXRRD cde mal~ ~`jeaar eaw ijrfs jidgaecp xmdx fjya irjf xma xrdh`x`jedlEGJ&cl`aex fjha ji `exardcx`je xjwdrhs
jea xmdx `s lass dspffaxr`cdl deh fjrabqs`eassl`ka, deh xmdx ijcqsas jeacjejf`c rdxmar xmde sjc`dl jboacx`yas%BRR@'s wjrk je sfdll idrfar yqleardb`l`xp`e xma adrlp 400>s -iqehah bp HI@H)dex`c`~dxah sayardl iadxqras ji xmaeaw ~jyarxp ~drdh`gf% Sfdll idrfaryqleardb`l`xp `s xma il`~ s`ha ji xma acjejf`csji grdhqdx`je% Xm`s rasadrcm dlsj `haex`i`ahd grjq~ ji q~wdrhlp fjb`la sfdllidrfars wmj wara dctq`r`eg ldeh% Xmqs,^AXRRD's ~jyarxp ijcqs asxdbl`smascjex`eq`xp w`xm xm`s adrl`ar rasadrcmxrdh`x`je%
8% ^AXRRD's XDRGAX GRJQ^^AXRRD `s cjff`xxah xj wjrk`eg
w`xm 'rasjqrca&~jjr' idrf mjqsamjlhs,`eclqh`eg wjfae, xj dcm`aya `xsjboacx`yas% Xm`s cdxagjr`sdx`je eaahs xj
ba hai`eah fjra ~rac`salp xj aesqra xmdx^AXRRD wjrks w`xm de d~~rj~r`dxacl`aex grjq~ xmdx smdras `xs ijcqs je r`ca~rjhqcx`je, cde ~drx`c`~dxa dcx`yalp `exacmejljgp hayalj~faex, deh mds xma~jxaex`dl xj dcm`aya xma `ecjfa deh~rjhqcx`je xdrgaxs ratq`rah bp xma~rjoacx fafjrdehqf% Xma ijlljw`eghai`e`x`je ji ^AXRRD's xdrgax grjq~ `sbdsah je `eijrfdx`je irjf xmasxdkamjlhar dedlpsas?
Mjqsamjlhs w`xm xmraa xj a`gmx fjexms'
mjqsamjlhs deh cjesqfars `e qrbdedrads% Xmasa ~jyarxp asx`fdxas dra i`yapadrs jlh% S`eca xmae xma dccalardx`je `er`ca ~rjhqcx`je deh cjex`eq`eg idll `er`ca ~r`cas sqggasx ayae gradxar
rahqcx`jes `e ~jyarxp%
^jyarxp
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xmaraijra jea ji ~jyarxp dllay`dx`je xmdxsxraegxmaeah xma db`l xp ji ~jjr ~aj~laxj cj~a w`xm ~jyarxp% Xm`s d~~rjdcm
wds tq`xa sqccassiql `e rahqc`eg eje&`ecjfa ~jyarxp -ahqcdx`je, cljxm`eg,mjqs`eg)% Bqx `x wds fqcm lasssqccassiql `e rahqc`eg `ecjfa ~jyarxp,
wm`cm rafd`eah raldx`yalp cjesxdex `exma 40=>s% ^jyarxp dllay`dx`je wdsxmaraijra cjecareah ~r`fdr`lp w`xm
wmdx mds baae cdllah xma 'acjejf`cs jiras`l`aeca' rdxmar xmde w`xm xma'acjejf`cs ji grdhqdx`je' jr xmaxrdes`x`je irjf ~jyarxp%
^AXRRD deh xma eaw ~jyarxp~drdh`gf
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eaw r`ca xacmejljgp `s ejwracjge`sah xj ~ldp d ~js`x`ya rjla `eal`f`edx`eg ~jyarxp%
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acjejf`cs ji grdhqdx`je% Xrdesijrf`eg r`ca~rjhqcx`je saxs `e fjx`je d sar`as ji
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
8/909
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
^jyarxpsqb&grjq~
A}xrafa&~jjr-23 ! ji rqrdlmjqsamjlhs)
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@f~rjyah kejwlahgaji eaw r`ca xacmejljgp,as~ac`dllp ijr wjfae -++)
Ljwar qe`x cdsm cjsxs -+)
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@eh`racxLjwar r`ca ~r`cas -++)
M`gmar af~ljpfaex -+)
@ecradsah ~qrcmds`eg~jwar -+)
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@ecradsa e sq~~lp ji ldehijr smdracrj~ -+)
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mds baae raldxah xj xma xmraa ~jyarxp
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l`xardxqra% D eaw sxqhp ji xma iljjh
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r`ca mds s~radh idsxasx, mds `haex`i`ah
`f~jrxdex baeai`xs sqcm ds de `ecradsa
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crj~s ds idrfars h`yars`ip jqx ji r`ca;
deh de `ecradsa `e xma smdra ji `ecjfa
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^AXRRD w`ll ejx h`racxlp baeai`xmjqsamjlhs `e xma ~jyarxp sqb&grjq~
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a}~acxah xmdx xmasa mjqsamjlhs w`ll
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Xdrgax grjq~ oqsx`i`cdx`je
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ba oqsx`i`ah je atq`xp grjqehs bacdqsa?
xmap ra~rasaex xma fjhardxa&~jjr jrxjfjrrjw's&~jjr; deh
xmap fdp ldck dccass xj eawxacmejljgp xmdx cde `ecradsa jqx~qx
deh `ecjfa irjf r`ca%
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xmap mdya xma eacassdrp ldeh deh
ldbjqr rasjqrcas xj `exaes`ip r`ca~rjhqcx`je; deh
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deh `ecjfa ratq`rah bp xma ~rjoacx%
A}~acxah f~dcxs je xdrgax grjq~
^AXRRD's ~jxaex`dl baeai`xs ijrrasjqrca&~jjr mjqsamjlhs dra `llqsxrdxah`e Xdbla 4% Xma h`sxr`bqx`je ji baeai`xs
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
9/907
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
scmjjl`eg qelass wjfae mdya gradxar~jwar jyar mjw xmdx `ecjfa `s s~aex%
^AXRRD w`ll ejx h`racxlp baeai`x xmafdojr`xp ji iafdla&madhah mjqsamjlhs-1! ji rqrdl mjqsamjlhs) jr mjqsamjlhs
wmjsa `ecjfa ha~aehs je xma adre`egsji wjfae -2>! ji rqrdl mjqsamjlhs),s`eca xmap baljeg xj xma a}xrafa&~jjrdeh dra ejx ~drx ji xma xdrgax grjq~% @x`s `f~jrxdex, mjwayar, xmdx eaw r`caxacmejljgp hjas ejx mdya d eagdx`ya`f~dcx je l`yal`mjjh jqxcjfas ijrxmasa mjqsamjlhs%
9% AEY@RJEFAEX^AXRRD's sxdkamjlhar ra~jrxs smjwxmdx r`ca idrfars dra kaaelp dwdra xmdxeaw r`ca xacmejljgp cde dhyarsalp`f~dcx xma aey`rjefaex deh xmradxaesqsxd`edb`l`xp% Xj aesqra xmdx `xsdcx`y`x`as dra aey`rjefaexdllp ir`aehlp,^AXRRD mds hayalj~ah deaey`rjefaex sxrdxagp -2>>4) xmdx g`yas`xs rasadrcm ~drxears cladr gq`hal`eas jemjw ^AXRRD's gjdls fdp ba cde bafax wm`la ~rasary`eg xma aey`rjefaexdeh cjexr`bqx`eg xj sqsxd`edblahayalj~faex%
Xma s~ac`i`c jboacx`yas ji xm`saey`rjefaex sxrdxagp dra?
@exagrdx`je deh cjf~l`deca ji ~rjoacxdcx`y`x`as w`xm aey`rjefaexdlfdedgafaex sxdehdrhs;
^drxear bqp&`e xj sjqeh
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xj bqp r`ca deh dlsj xj ~qrcmdsa jxmarijjhs xmdx w`ll ~rjy`ha d fjra bdldecah
h`ax% R`ca ~r`cas mdya idllae sxadh`lps`eca xma adrlp 400>s% Cjesatqaexlp, radl
wdgas wara 3>! m`gmar `e 4009 xmde `e40=3% Ljwar r`ca ~r`cas w`ll dlsj baeai`x
xma grjw`eg eqfbar ji qrbde
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r`ca ~rjhqcx`je, mjwayar, wm`cm mdsraladsah cd~`xdl ijr mjqsamjlhs xj `eyasxfjra `e eje&idrf aexar~r`sas, dehcradxah gradxar j~~jrxqe`x`as ijr crj~
fdrkax`eg%
1% GAEHAR^AXRRD's gaehar sxrdxagp g`yas
wjfae atqdl `f~jrxdeca w`xm fae `esaxx`eg rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as, ~drx`c`~dx`eg`e xacmejljgp hayalj~faex, dehaydlqdx`eg `f~dcx je r`ca ~rjhqcx`jedeh `ecjfa -^dr`s, 2>>4)%
R`ca rasadrcm deh a}xaes`je ~rjgrdffasjixae ~d`h `esqii`c`aex dxxaex`je xj
wjfaes' ~rjhqcx`ya rjla, wm`cm wds~arca`yah ds de a}xaes`je ji mjqsamjlhxdsks deh ejx ~drx ji dgr`cqlxqra%Mjwayar, rqrdl wjfae ~ldp kap~rjhqcx`ya rjlas `e saah ~rjcass`eg deh~jsx&mdryasx dcx`y`x`as xmdx cjexr`bqxas`ge`i`cdexlp xj r`ca ~rjhqcx`y`xp dehmjqsamjlh ijjh sacqr`xp%
D gaehar ~ars~acx`ya `s dlsj `f~jrxdexijr aydlqdx`eg `f~dcx% @ecradsas `e
`ecjfa irjf r`ca fdp ejx ba railacxah`e `f~rjyah h`ax, madlxm, deh cm`lh
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
10/90
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
=
BRR@ mds rag`jedl sqb&sxdx`jes% Xm`s
mds sayardl dhydexdgas, edfalp?
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wjrk`eg w`xm xma ~jjr% ^rjfjx`egxmasa raldx`jesm`~s `s xma basx wdp ji`esx`xqx`jedl`s`eg idrfar ~drx`c`~dxjrprasadrcm `e BRR@ deh raxd`e`eg xmaijcqs je ~jyarxp `f~dcx%
Hacaexrdl`s`eg rasadrcm? S`}xp ~arcaexji xma bqhgax ijr BRR@'s rag`jedlsxdx`jes gjas xj r`ca rasadrcm je ljcdl~rjblafs% ^AXRRD's rasadrcmdcx`y`x`as w`ll sxraegxmae BRR@'scd~dc`xp xj dhhrass ljcdx`je&s~ac`i`c~rjblafs deh ~rjy`ha `ecaex`yas ijrBRR@ madhtqdrxars sc`aex`sxs xj wjrkrag`jedllp rdxmar xmde dx xma caexar%
Rasadrcm ~drxearsm`~? ^AXRRD'srasadrcm dcx`y`x`as w`ll ba fdedgahljcdllp, ejx irjf xma caexar% Xmara w`llba l`eks w`xm BRR@'s rag`jedl sxdx`jesbqx xma ~r`ec`~dl `esx`xqx`jedl dcxjrs
w`ll ba `haex`i`ah xmrjqgm xmacjf~ax`x`ya cdll ijr rasadrcm%
=% RASADRCM R@JR@X@AS^AXRRD's rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as warajbxd`eah irjf Sxdkamjlhar faax`egs
malh dx y`lldga, q~dz`ld, deh h`sxr`cxlayal baxwaae 4000&2>>>% Sxdkamjlharsrdekah rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `e jrharji `f~jrxdeca% Xj s`f~l`ip xma~rasaexdx`je, ~r`jr`x`as mdya baaerdekah je d scdla ji 4&4>, w`xm 4s`ge`ip`eg xma m`gmasx ~r`jr`xp%
Fjsx rasadrcm ~rjblafs wara cjffjedcrjss xma i`ya r`ca aey`rjefaexs%Cjffje ~rjblafs wara saah tqdl`xp,
m`gm `e~qx cjsxs, kejwlahga ji FYcqlx`ydx`je deh `rr`gdx`je% Wdxar ha~xm
xarf cjff`xfaex xj ~rjxacx`eg xmaaey`rjefaex; deh
Mqfde cd~dc`xp hayalj~faex xj
~rjfjxa sjqeh aey`rjefaexdlfdedgafaex `e dgr`cqlxqra rasadrcm
deh hayalj~faex%
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xma `eclqs`je ji aey`rjefaexdlcmackl`sxs `e ~rjoacx fje`xjr`eg deh
aydlqdx`je; ~qbl`c racjge`x`je ji
~drxears ~rjfjx`eg sqsxd`edbladgr`cqlxqra; bq`lh`eg dwdraeass ji xma
`exardcx`jes baxwaae eaw xacmejljgpdeh xma aey`rjefaex; deh hayalj~`eg
cd~dc`xp dfjeg rasadrcm ~drxears xj
aesqra xmdx aey`rjefaexdl `f~dcxs jieaw xacmejljgp fdp ba ~rj~arlp
fje`xjrah deh aydlqdxah%
7% IJCDL DRADS^AXRRD's sxrdxagp w`ll ijcqs `xsdcx`y`x`as `e ~drx`cqldr rag`jes w`xm
h`sx`ecx r`ca aey`rjefaexs% S`eca
^AXRRD's cmjsae aexrp ~j`ex `s r`ca, `xfdkas saesa xj salacx ijcdl drads xmdx
ra~rasaex h`iiaraex r`ca acjspsxafs%Xma d~~rjdcm `s s`f`ldr xj xma cjeca~x
ji kap s`xas qsah `e idrf`eg spsxafsrasadrcm -ISR)% Xma d~~rjdcm `s dlsj
cjes`sxaex w`xm xmdx dhj~xah bp HI@H's
raeawdbla edxqrdl rasjqrcas rasadrcmsxrdxagp -RERRS), wmara rasadrcm `s
ijcqsah je drads ra~rasaexdx ya ji s`}~rjhqcx`je spsxafs `e jrhar xj
hafjesxrdxa fadsqrdbla `f~dcx%
^AXRRD's cmj`ca ji ~drx`cqldr ijcdldrads `s cjes`sxaex w`xm `xs cjff`xfaex
xj `f~dcx je ~jyarxp% ^jyarxp fadsqrasijr xmasa drads -`ecjfa, mqfde
hayalj~faex, deh mjqsamjlh ijjh
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@e cmjjs`eg ijcdl drads ^AXRRD mdshac`hah xj wjrk `e e`ea ljcdx`jes wmara
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
11/900
^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
hayalj~ xmraa gaear`c rasadrcm xmafas%Adcm xmafa raldxas xj d ~drx`cqldrds~acx ji xm`s irdfawjrk% Xma SLirdfawjrk cde dlsj ba raldxah xj xma~rjoacx's ~qr~jsa deh jqx~qxs ds
s~ac`i`ah bp `xs ljg`cdl irdfawjrk% Jeadhydexdga ji xma SL irdfawjrk `s xmdx`x af~mds`sas xma `f~jrxdeca ji q~xdkadeh `f~dcx ds wall ds xacmejljgphayalj~faex% Xma SL irdfawjrk `sg`yae ijr raiaraeca `e D~~aeh`} 4%
Xmafa 4 -^rjhqcx`y`xp) ijcqsas je xma yqleardb`l`xp cjexa}x, jr xma a}xaredlaey`rjefaex `e wm`cm ~aj~la a}`sx%^AXRRD cde `f~rjya xma
yqleardb`l`xp cjexa}x bp mal~`eg r`carasadrcm xj cmdega xraehs, smjcks, dehsadsjedl`xp `e r`ca ~rjhqcx`je%
Xmafa 2 -Q~xdka) ijcqsas je xmaxrdesijrf`eg sxrqcxqras deh ~rjcassasxmdx smd~a l`yal`mjjhs% Xmasa `eclqha`esx`xqx`jes, jrgde`sdx`jes, ~jl`c`as,deh lag`sldx`je% ^AXRRD cde `f~rjyaq~xdka bp mal~`eg r`ca rasadrcm xjbacjfa fjra hafdeh&hr`yae,cradx`eg fjra aiiacx`ya q~xdka~dxmwdps, deh `haex`ip`eg ~jl`cpcjesxrd`exs%
Xmafa 3 -@f~dcx) ijcqsas jel`yal`mjjh jqxcjfas% Xm`s `eclqhas`ecradsas `e `ecjfa, ijjh sacqr`xp,
wall&ba`eg, deh fjra sqsxd`edbla qsaji xma edxqrdl rasjqrca bdsa%^AXRRD w`ll cjexr`bqxa h`racxlp xjsayardl ji xmasa jboacx`yas%
Xma sxrdxagp fdxr`} -Xdbla 3) smjws
wds ~r`fdr`lp d ~rjblaf ji xma cjdsxdlrag`je, wm`la `rr`gdx`je wds rdekahm`gmasx ds d ~rjblaf `e xma hrjqgmx&~rjea aey`rjefaex%
Xma rdek`eg ji ~rjblafs irjf xmasxdkamjlhar dedlpsas sqggasxs xmdx xmacjesxrd`exs xj xma dhj~x`je ji FY r`caxacmejljgp dra ejx ~r`fdr`lp acjejf`c,bqx railacx xma l`f`xdx`jes ji xmaxacmejljgp deh ji idrfar kejwlahga%
Y`lldga faax`egs gdya lass `f~jrxdecaxj xma cjsx ji `e~qxs deh ljw ~rjhqcar~r`cas xmde xj wdxar fdedgafaex, saahtqdl`xp, xma dbsaeca ji `rr`gdx`jeidc`l`x`as, deh xma`r ldck ji xacme`cdlkejwlahga dbjqx eaw r`ca xacmejljgp%
Xm`s `f~l`as xmdx xmara `s scj~a xj`f~rjya r`ca jqx~qx deh `ecjfasxmrjqgm wall&has`geah rasadrcm
~rjgrdffas xmdx ijcqs je kap xacme`cdl~rjblafs%
0% AFARG@EG RASADRCM XMAFASRasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `haex`i`ah bpsxdkamjlhars wara grjq~ah `exjrasadrcm xmafas qs`eg xwj cjeca~xqdlirdfawjrks%
Sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs
Xma -SL) irdfawjrk wds qsah xj
^rjblaf
Wdxar ha~xm
Saah tqdl`xp
Kejwlahga ji FY cqlx`ydx`je
Ldck ji sq`xdbla FY
M`gm e~qx cjsxs
@rr`gdx`je
Edxqrdl mdzdrhs
Idrf ~jwar deh ldbjqr
Sj`ls
^asxs
Tqdl`xp ji e~qxs
Ljw mdryasx ~r`cas
Jxmar ~rjblafs
Xdbla 2% Rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `haex`i`ah bpsxdkamjlhar dedlpsas
Cjfb`eah rdek-46m`gmasx)
2
2
3
3
8
8
8
8%1
1
1
1
1
9
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
Sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs-SL) irdfawjrk
Smjrx hascr`~x`je
^AXRRD ljg`cdl irdfawjrk
Rasadrcm xmafas
Rasadrcm ssqas haex`i`ahbp sxdkamjlhar dedlpsas,w`xm rdek`egs
Sjlqx`jes
Sqb&~rjoacxs
Xdbla 3% Rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as deh xma sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs -SL) irdfawjrk
Yqleardb`l`xp cjexa}x
^mps`cdl deh acjejf`caey`rjefaex
@f~rjyah r`ca ~rjhqcx`jexacmejljg`as d~~rj~r`dxaxj rasjqrca&~jjr idrfmjqsamjlhs haex`i`ah jrhayalj~ah -jqx~qx 4)
^rjhqcx`y`xp
Wdxar fdedgafaex -2)Ldck ji sq`xdbla FY -3)Idrf ~jwar dehldbjqr -8%1)Sj`ls -1)^asxs -1)
Xrdesijrf`eg sxrqcxqrasdeh ~rjcassas
@esx`xqx`jes deh ~jl`c`as
Cd~dc`xp ji r`ca rasadrcmspsxaf xj qeharxdkahafdeh&lah rasadrcmsqsxd`edblp aemdecah-jqx~qx 2)
Kap ~jl`cp cjesxrd`exs xjaemdecah r`ca&ha~aehaexl`yal`mjjhs ~rjhqcx`je`haex`i`ah dehracjffaehdx`jesh`scqssah e kap ~jl`cpijrd -jqx~qx 3)
@f~rjyah faxmjhs ijraiiacx`ya q~xdka jixacmejljg`as ijr r`caspsxafs `haex`i`ah, xasxah,deh racjffaehdx`jes ijr`f~rjyafaexs e q~xdka~dxmwdps fdha -jqx~qx 8)
Q~xdka
Saah tqdl`xp -2)Kejwlahga ji FYs -3)M`gm e~qx cjsxs -8)@rr`gdx`je -8)Iarx`l`sar tqdl`xp -1)Ljw mdryasx ~r`cas -1)
^jl`cp sxqh`as
Q~xdka ~dxmwdps
L`yal`mjjh jqxcjfas
@ecjfa, yqleardb`l`xp,wall&ba`eg
R`ca ~rjhqcx`je dehrqrdl ecjfas sqbsxdex`dllp`ecradsah bp 2>>=-^qr~jsa)
@f~dcx
Bdsal`ea Sxqh`as,
Kejwlahga, dxx`xqhas, sk`lls`f~dcx sxqhp
Oj`exlp haex`i`ah bp idrfars deh rasadrcmars
aii`c`aecp w`xm wm`cm `e~qxs dra qsah%
Xmasa `eclqha `f~rjyah faxmjhs jiiarx`l`zar d~~l`cdx`je, wdxar fdedgafaex,
deh xma `exrjhqcx`je ji @^F% @ecradsas `ejqx~qx cjfa irjf cljs`eg xma xacmejljgp
gd~, jr `f~rjy`eg idrfar kejwlahga dehsk`lls xj br`eg dyardga dcxqdl idrf&layal
p`alh cljsar xj xma fd}`fqf idrf&layal
p`alh%
Sm`ix`eg xma ~rjhqcx`y`xp irjex`ar
Cmdrdcxar`sah bp xma hayalj~faex ji deaw braah ji FYs xmdx jiiar scj~a ijr
m`gmar p`alhs -a%g%, mpbr`h r`ca)% @e xmaldegqdga ji acjejf`cs, xm`s ra~rasaexs d
sm`ix `e xma ~rjhqcx`y`xp irjex`ar s`ecap`alhs w`xm xmasa FYs dra s`ge`i`cdexlp
m`gmar w`xmjqx d cmdega `e xma layal ji
jxmar `e~qxs%
Xmafa @? ^rjhqcx`y xp
@e xarfs ji xma r`ca xacmejljgp
cjex`eqqf -Xdbla 8), xmraa rasadrcm
mjw xmasa rasadrcm xmafas raldxa xj xmaSL irdfawjrk deh xj ^AXRRD's jweljg`cdl irdfawjrk% Fjsx rasadrcm~rjblafs cdeejx ba raldxah a}clqs`yalpxj jea xmafa, mjwayar, s`eca xmap
`eclqha bjxm ~rjhqcx`y`xp deh q~xdkah`faes`jes%
Xma r`ca xacmejljgp cjex`eqqf
De dlxaredx`ya irdfawjrk ijr y`aw`egrasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `s ~rjy`hah bp xmar`ca xacmejljgp cjex`eqqf -Xdbla 8),
wm`cm h`y`has xacmejljgp cmdega `e r`cas`eca xma 409>s `exj xmraa sxdgas?
Xma graae rayjlqx`je
Cmdrdcxar`sah bp xma s~radh ji FYsdcrjss r`ca aey`rjefaexs deh dssjc`dxah`ecradsas `e `rr`gdx`je deh iarx`l`zar qsa%@ecradsas `e jqx~qx cjfa irjf xma`ecradsa `e drad ~ldexah xj FY r`ca%
Cljs`eg xma p`alh gd~
Cmdrdcxar`sah bp `f~rjyafaexs `e xma
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
Sxrdxag`c ssqas
Sxdga
Xacmejljgp ijcqs
R`ca aey`rjefaexs
Rasadrcm ssqas`haex`i`ah bp sxdkamjlhardedlpsas, w`xm rdek`eg
Sjlqx`jes
Sqb&~rjoacxs
Xdbla 8% Rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as deh xma r`ca xacmejljgp cjex`eqqf sxdkamjlhar dedlpsas
Graae rayjlqx`je
Saah&bdsah
X`hdl waxldehs
Iljjh ~rjeaHrjqgmx&~rjea
Wdxar fdedgafaex -2)
Ldck ji sq`xdbla FY -3)
@rr`gdx`je -8)
Xma p`alh gd~
Kejwlahga&bdsah
@rr`gdxah
Rd`eiah ljwldeh idyjqrdbla
Saah tqdl`xp -2)
Kejwlahga ji FYs -3)
M`gm e~qx cjsxs -8)
^asxs -1)
Sj`ls -1)
Iarx`l`sar tqdl`xp -1)
Ljw mdryasx ~r`cas -1)
Eaw ~rjhqcx`je irjex`ar
Saah&bdsah
@rr`gdxah
@haex`i`ah bp rasadrcmars
R`ca xacmejljgp cjex`eqqf
@haex`i`ah oj`exlp bp idrfars deh rasadrcmars
ijr cljs`eg xma p`alh gd~% Dejxmar
a}df~la `s xma scj~a ijr ramdb`l`xdx`jeji hadh cdedls xmrjqgm cjffqe`xpdcx`je%
Xmafa @@? Q~xdka
Xj idc`l`xdxa xacmejljgp q~xdka^AXRRD w`ll `haex`ip q~xdka ~dxmwdpsxmdx l`ek xma has`ge, hayalj~faex, dehs~radh ji xacmejljgp w`xm `xs idrfar
xdrgax grjq~% Xm`s w`ll ratq`ra d ~rjcassji idrfar ~drx`c`~dxjrp rasadrcm dehcradx`eg ~drxearsm`~s w`xm ljcdljrgde`sdx`jes xmdx w`ll dlljw xacmejljgpxj s~radh rd~`hlp `es`ha xma ijcdl dradsdeh bapjeh%
Q~xdka ~dxmwdps
^AXRRD `s cjff`xxah xj cradx`eg dej~ae ladre`eg aey`rjefaex xmdx br`egs
xjgaxmar sc`aex`sxs, hayalj~faexjrgde`sdx`jes, a}xaes`je dgaexs deh~r`ydxa sacxjr jrgde`sdx`jes xj~drx`c`~dxa w`xm rasjqrca&~jjr idrfmjqsamjlhs `e dhhrass`eg xma`r rasadrcmdeh q~xdka eaahs% @ssqas `e gjyaredeca
w`xm`e jrgde`sdx`jes deh baxwaaejrgde`sdx`jes w`ll dlsj ba je xmaladre`eg dgaehd%
^AXRRD w`ll ~`ljx xma hayalj~faex ji
aiiacx`ya q~xdka ~dxmwdps bp wjrk`eg dxxmraa layals?
~rjblafs raldxa xj xma sxdga ji 'Graae
rayjlqx`je' -wdxar ha~xm, ldck jisq`xdbla FY, deh ldck ji `rr`gdx`je),
wm`la xma rafd`ehar raldxa cm`ailp xjcljs`eg xma p`alh gd~%
Xmasa ~rjblafs dra brjdhlp cjes`sxaexw`xm xma rasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `haex`i`ah bpBRR@'s fdsxar ~lde, deh xma dssassfaexji rasadrcm j~~jrxqe`x`as ~ra~drah bpBRR@*@RR@ ijr xma ~rjoacxfafjrdehqf -Xacme`cdl Deea} 4)% Xma
~rjblafs `haex`i`ah bp rasadrcmars`eclqhah?
Ljw dhj~x`je ji FYs;
^jjr saah madlxm;
@eaii`c`aex eqxr`aex fdedgafaex;
^jjr wdxar fdedgafaex; deh
Ldck ji sdlx&xjlardex FYs%
Dlxmjqgm xma ~rjblafs `haex`i`ah bp xmasxdkamjlhar dedlpsas d~~adr xacme`cdl,xmap jiiar scj~a ijr cjlldbjrdx`je w`xmxma sjc`dl sc`aecas% Jea a}df~la `s w`xm
wdxar fdedgafaex ijr `rr`gdx`je% Xmairdgfaexdx`je ji idrfldeh fades xmdxd s`egla cjffdeh drad w`ll cjexd`e~ljxs jweah bp d ldrga eqfbar jimjqsamjlhs% Xm`s `f~jsas m`gmxrdesdcx`je cjsxs je wdxar bqpars dehsallars% Xj rahqca xmasa cjsxs, `rr`gdx`je`s scmahqlah dx i`}ah x`fas deh `e i`}ah
tqdex`x`as% Xm`s fdp rahqca xmaaii`c`aecp ji `rr`gdx`je deh l`f`x scj~a
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
sxdkamjlhars deh a}~arx cjesqlxdx`jes%
^AXRRD's ~jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk-2>>4) racjffaehah xmdx xma ~rjoacxsq~~jrx ~jl`cp rasadrcm bp?
Cjff`ss`je`eg eaw rasadrcm xmrjqgmcjf~ax`x`ya cdlls; deh
Idc`l`xdx`eg h`dljgqa xmrjqgmwjrksmj~s deh edx`jedl ijrd%
Xma irdfawjrk racjffaehah xmdx^AXRRD cjff`ss`je e`ea sqb&~rjoacxsje s~ac`i`c ~jl`cp `ssqas% @e dhh`x`je, `xracjffaehah xmdx ^AXRRD idc`l`xdxaxwj edx`jedl ~jl`cp h`dljgqas, xma i`rsx jecmdeg`eg h`racx`jes `e dgr`cqlxqra ~jl`cp
ijlljw`eg xma dcm`ayafaex ji sali&sqii`c`aecp `e ijjhgrd`es, deh xma sacjehje `esx`xqx`jedl`s`eg hafdeh&hr`yaerasadrcm `e xma Edx`jedl Dgr`cqlxqraRasadrcm Spsxaf -EDRS)%
Xma rasqlxs deh racjffaehdx`jes irjfxma ~jl`cp sxqh`as w`ll ba ~rasaexah xj~jl`cp fdkars xmrjqgm ydr`jqs fah`d,`eclqh`eg edx`jedl ~jl`cp ijrd sqcm dsxma Caexra ijr ^jl`cp H`dljgqa -C^H),~rjoacx wjrksmj~s, ra~jrxs, deh ~jl`cpbr`ais%
Xmafa @@@? @f~dcx
^AXRRD's ljg`cdl irdfawjrk g`yasjboacx`yalp yar`i`dbla `eh`cdxjrs ijr xma~rjoacx's i`rsx ijqr jqx~qxs% Sayardl jixmasa `eh`cdxjrs ratq`ra bdsal`ea sxqh`asxj asxdbl`sm baecmfdrk ydlqas `e xmaijcdl drads% Xmasa `eclqha ydlqas ijr r`ca~rjhqcx`je -a%g%, dyardga p`alhs,mjqsamjlh ijjh sacqr`xp), ~jyarxp`eh`cdxjrs -bjxm `ecjfa deh eje&`ecjfa `eh`cdxjrs), xma eqfbar jimjqsamjlhs qs`eg s~ac`i`c r`caxacmejljg`as, deh `eijrfdx`je jeidrfars' kejwlahga, dxx`xqhas dehsk`lls -~drx`cqldrlp wjfae)% @x `s`f~jrxdex xmdx baecmfdrk sxqh`as drah`sdggragdxah bp gaehar% De `f~dcxsxqhp w`ll ba cjehqcxah dx xma aeh ji
xma ~rjoacx xj `haex`ip cmdegas `e xmasa`eh`cdxjrs%
L`ek`eg idrfars, rasadrcmars, dehq~xdka jrgde`sdx`jes dx y`lldga layal?
Xma i`rsx sxa~ `s xj ray`aw xacmejljgpdx xma y`lldga layal w`xm jqr idrfarcl`aexs% Xm`s w`ll ba hjea
s`fqlxdeajqslp w`xm idrf layal r`ca~rjhqcx`je xrd`e`eg% ^drxears `eyjlyah`e xm`s dcx`y`xp, w`xm iqeh`eg irjf^AXRRD, w`ll ba dwdrhah ~`ljxscmafas je xma bds`s ji cjf~ax`x`yasqbf`ss`jes xj XAC% Xma sdfa~rjcass ji oj`ex ~ldee`eg w`xm cl`aexs
w`ll mjlh%
L`ek`eg `exj eaxwjrks dx xma q~dz`ldlayal?
Xma sacjeh sxa~ `s l`ek`eg q~jrgde`sdx`jes dx xma ljcdl layal% Xmasajrgde`sdx`jes `eclqha GJB, EGJdeh ~r`ydxa sacxjr jrgde`sdx`jes dehiqeh`eg sjqrcas% Idf`l`dr`sdx`je w`xmxma Ha~drxfaex ji Dgr`cqlxqrdlA}xaes`je -HDA) sxrdxagp deh HDA~drxearsm`~ ~rjgrdffas deh EGJ~rjgrdffas `s `f~jrxdex dx xm`s sxdga%xrd`e`eg ji xrd`ears -XJX) dehassaex`dl hayalj~faex ji xrd`e`egd~~rjdcmas deh fdxar`dl w`ll ba`f~jrxdex dx dll layals ji scdl`eg q~%
L`ek`eg exj w`har eaxwjrks?
Xma xm`rh sxa~ `eyjlyas d fjra
a}xaes`ya l`ek`eg w`xm sc`aex`sxs,
hayalj~faex jrgde`sdx`jes, a}xaes`je
dgaexs deh ~r`ydxa sacxjr jrgde`sdx`jes
xj dhhrass xma rasadrcm eaahs ji d
ijcdl grjq~ ji idrfars% Dx xm`s sxdga
^AXRRD a}~acxs jxmar jrgde`sdx`jes
xj xdka xma `e`x`dx`ya `e cjff`xx`egrasjqrcas xj idc`l`xdxa q~xdka%
^jl`cp sxqh`as
Jqx~qx 3 ji ^AXRRD's ljg`cdlirdfawjrk `s xj `haex`ip xma kap ~jl`cp`ssqas xmdx diiacx r`ca&ha~aehaexl`yal`mjjhs deh br`eg xmasa xj xmadxxaex`je ji ~jl`cp fdkars% Ralaydex~jl`cp `ssqas smjqlh ba `haex`i`ah irjf
^AXRRD's rasadrcm dgaehd, wm`cm `exqre har`yas irjf faax`egs w`xm y`lldga
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
facmde`sf xmdx dlljws xma rasadrcmsxrdxagp xj ras~jeh xj xmasa eaahs `e dhpedf`c wdp% ^AXRRD w`ll idc`l`xdxaxm`s ~rjcass bp ~rjy`h`eg a}~arxidc`l`xdxjrs deh xrd`e`eg rasadrcmars `e
idrfar ~drx`c`~dxjrp rasadrcm -I^R)%
R^s w`ll ba ~ra~drah `e cjesqlxdx`jew`xm ljcdl sxdkamjlhars% Xm`s w`ll ratq`ra y`s`xs xj xma ijcdl drads xj a}~ljrarasadrcm ~r`jr`x`as `e gradxar ha~xmdeh has`ge de d~~rj~r`dxa rasadrcm~rjgrdffa w`xm idrfars% Rasadrcmarsdeh idrfars w`ll hayalj~ de `eijrfdl'cjexrdcx' xmdx saxs jqx xma`r h`iiaraexrjlas deh ras~jes`b`l`x`as ijr i`alh&xasx`eg
s~ac`i`c `exaryaex`jes% Xm`s 'cjexrdcx' w`ll s~ac`ip mjw idrfars dra xj ba`eyjlyah `e `f~lafaex`eg, fje`xjr`eg,deh aydlqdx`eg xma rasadrcm ~rjgrdffa%
Rasadrcm dcx`y`x`as `e d g`yae ijcdl dradfdp ba `e h`iiaraex y`lldgas jr qe`jes jrq~dz`lds jr h`sxr`cxs w`xm`e xma rag`je%Ragqldr faax`egs w`ll ba eacassdrpbaxwaae rasadrcm ~rjgrdffas xj smdrakejwlahga deh spexmas`sa a}~ar`aecas
w`xm`e d g`yae rag`je% Jrgde`sdx`jesw`xm`e xma ijcdl drad xmdx dra j~ardx`eg`eha~aehaexlp w`ll dlsj ba `ey`xah xj~drx`c`~dxa% Xm`s w`ll cradxa d ladre`egaey`rjefaex xmdx w`ll ba `f~jrxdex `e`haex`ip`eg eaw deh fjra aiiacx`yaq~xdka ~dxmwdps%
Sjfa rasadrcm xmafas sqcm ds`exagrdxah crj~ eqxr`aex fdedgafaex-@CEF) fdp ba cjehqcxah `e sayardlijcdl drads% Rasqlxs deh ladre`eg w`ll ba
hrdwe xjgaxmar xmrjqgm ~ldee`eg deh
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~jyarxp% Xm`s j~~jrxqe`xp smjqlh ejx baf`ssah% ^AXRRD smjqlh cjes`harhrdw`eg q~ d rasadrcm dgaehd ijrsxqhp`eg `f~dcx hqr`eg xma l`iax`fa jixma ~rjoacx% @eejydx`ya d~~rjdcmas draeaahah% Jea a}df~la f`gmx ba d cdsa&sxqhp d~~rjdcm xmdx xrdcks mjqsamjlhsjyar x`fa% Xm`s d~~rjdcm `s `hadllpsq`xah ijr a}~ljr`eg tqdl`xdx`ya ds~acxsji xma `f~dcx ji r`ca xacmejljgp je~jyarxp, -a%g%, gaehar rjlas, wjfae'saf~jwarfaex, sjc`dl eaxwjrks, deh~aj~la's ~arca~x`jes ji cmdegas `esxdxqs)% Xm`s wjqlh cjf~lafaex xmatqdex`xdx`ya hdxd cjllacxah irjf ldrgasdf~la sqryaps cjehqcxah bp B@HS jexma dedlps`s ji ~jyarxp xraehs%
4>% @F^LAFAEX@EG XMA SXRDXAGP^AXRRD's ^FQ w`ll `ssqa d eaw cdll
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Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
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ba cladrlp hafjesxrdxah%
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Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%4
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
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^rjoacx sxrdxagp^rjoacx sxrdxagp
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Wdsm`egxje, HC%
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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Sqggasxah c`xdx`je?
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A]ACQX@YA SQFFDRPJea ji ^jyarxp Al`f`edx`je XmrjqgmR`ca Rasadrcm Dss`sxdeca -^AXRRD)~rjoacx's i`ya jqx~qxs `s xj `haex`ip kap~jl`cp cjesxrd`exs xj r`ca&ha~aehaexl`yal`mjjhs deh xj ~rasaex `xsracjffaehdx`jes baijra kap ~jl`cp ijrd%
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^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
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Sq~~jrx`eg jegj`eg rasadrcm jeralaydex ~jl`cp `ssqas;
Cjff`ss`je`eg eaw rasadrcm xmrjqgm
cjf~ax`x`ya cdlls; dehIdc`l`xdx`eg h`dljgqa xmrjqgm wjrksmj~sdeh edx`jedl ijrd%
Xma cmj`ca ji wm`cm d~~rjdcm xj qsa w`ll ydrp dccjrh`eg xj xma ~jl`cp `ssqa `etqasx`je%
Xm`s ra~jrx bq`lhs je xma ~jl`cp h`dljgqaBdegldhasm dgr`cqlxqra dx xma crjssrjdhs? cqrraex
cmdllaegas xmdx wds malh `e Oqlp 2>>> w`xmsq~~jrx irjf ^AXRRD% Xm`s w`ha&
rdeg`eg h`dljgqa a}~ljrah racaexsxrqcxqrdl cmdegas `e xma dgr`cqlxqrdlsacxjr deh `haex`i`ah d eqfbar ji s~ac`i`c`ssqas xmdx ratq`rah dxxaex`je irjf ~jl`cprasadrcmars deh ~jl`cp&fdkars%
Jboacx`yas
Xma gaeardl jboacx`ya ji xm`s ra~jrx `s xj~rjy`ha ^AXRRD w`xm d irdfawjrk ijrxm`ek`eg dbjqx dgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`cp xmdx `s
cjes`sxaex w`xm xma sq~ar&gjdl jisqbsxdex`dllp al`f`edx`eg ~jyarxp, deh w`xm
d sqsxd`edbla l`yal`mjjhs -SL d~~rjdcm%Xma s~ac`i`c jboacx`yas dra xj?
@haex`ip s~ac`i`c ~jl`cp `ssqas, bdsahje sxdkamjlhar ra~jrxs, sacjehdrpl`xardxqra deh h`scqss`jes w`xm kap`eh`y`hqdls;
@haex`ip xma xp~a ji ~jl`cp sxqh`aseaahah -i`alh sxqh`as, hask ray`aws,
wjrksmj~s; deh
^ra~dra xma cdll ijr cjeca~x ejxas-CEs ijr xma i`rsx rjqeh ji ~jl`cpsxqh`as%
Xma ra~jrx hjas ejx ray`aw xma ldrgal`xardxqra je ~jl`cp `ssqas, xmjqgm `x raiars
xj sjfa kap xa}xs%
Sxrqcxqra ji xma ra~jrx
Sacx`je 2 smjws wmp ~jl`cp `s `f~jrxdexijr ^AXRRD% Sacx`je 3 ~rjy`has d brjdhirdfawjrk ijr `exagrdx`eg ydr`jqs ~jl`cp`ssqas xmdx ^AXRRD f`gmx dhhrass%Sacx`je 8 drgqas xma eaah xj raldxadgr`cqlxqra ~jl`cp fjra cljsalp w`xm xmabrjdhar ~jl`cp jboacx`ya ji al`f`edx`eg
~jyarxp% ^jl`cp `ssqas dra `haex`i`ah `esacx`je 1% Gaehar `ssqas dra m`gml`gmxah `esacx`je 9% I`edllp, sacx`je 7 jqxl`eas~r`jr`x`as deh satqaec`eg%
2% RDX@JEDLA
Wmp ~jl`cp:
^AXRRD's ~qr~jsa `s xj aemdeca xma~rjhqcx`y`xp ji r`ca&bdsah idrf`eg
spsxafs, as~ac`dllp ijr rasjqrca&~jjridrfars% Xma spsxafs d~~rjdcm dhj~xahbp ^AXRRD qsas xma sqsxd`edblal`yal`mjjhs -SL irdfawjrk, wm`cma}~l`c`xlp l`eks xma idrf mjqsamjlh w`xmxma `esx`xqx`jes -sxrqcxqras deh ~jl`c`as-~rjcassas dx xma fdcrj&layal%
Bp cjexrdsx, idrf`eg spsxafs rasadrcm deha}xaes`je -ISR)A hai`eah `xs qe`x jidedlps`s ds 'xma idrf mjqsamjlh' jr -ayae
fjra edrrjwlp ds 'xma idrfar's i`alh'% @xsdw `esx`xqx`jes deh ~jl`c`as ds jqxs`ha `xs
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
fdehdxa% Mjwayar, xm`s l`f`xah xma rdegaji xacmejljgp j~x`jes xmdx wara dyd`ldbla,s`eca ~jl`c`as jixae haxarf`eah wmdx wdsdeh wmdx wds ejx ~rji`xdbla% Deh `xl`f`xah xma scj~a ijr xacmejljgp dhj~x`je
bp rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars, s`eca q~xdkajixae ha~aehah je `esx`xqx`jedl `ssqas jidccass deh ~jwar% Cjesatqaexlp, xma`f~dcx ji ISR)A mds baae l`f`xah% Dbadqx`iql b`rh w`xmjqx w`egs cdeejx ilp%
Ijr a}df~la, BRR@ `eyasxah mady`lp `e
rasadrcm ijr haa~wdxar r`ca -HWR), d
fdrg`edl r`ca crj~ grjwe bp rasjqrca&
~jjr idrfars% Mjwayar, `x eayar
sqccaahah `e ralads`eg de `f~rjyah HWR
ydr`axp% Wmdx xrdesijrfah xma HWRaey`rjefaex wds d cmdega `e xrdha ~jl`cp,
edfalp xma dbjl`x`je `e 40== ji `f~jrx
hqx`as je smdlljw xqbawalls -SXWs)% Xm`s
mdlyah xma ~r ca ji SXWs deh xr`ggarah d
sw`xcm irjf HWR xj `rr`gdxah r`ca,
~rjhqc`eg de dll&rjqeh `ecradsa `e `ecjfa%
Wmp AXRRD:
^AXRRD's gjdl `s xj mal~ al`f`edxa
~jyarxp bp rd`s`eg r`ca ~rjhqcx`je dehrqrdl `ecjfas% S`f`ldrlp, xma Edx`jedl
Dgr`cqlxqra ^jl`cp -ED^, 4000 a}~l`c`xlpl`eks dgr`cqlxqrdl hayalj~faex w`xm~jyarxp rahqcx`je?
@e Bdegldhasm, `x `s ~jss`bla xj rahqca rqrdl
~jyarxp deh rd`sa xma l`y`eg sxdehdrh ji cjffje
~aj~la bp asxdbl`sm`eg dgr`cqlxqra ds d ~rji`xdbla
sacxjr-GJB, 4000, ~% 3%
Xm`s cjrras~jehaeca `e gjdls sqggasxs
xmdx ^AXRRD's rjla smjqlh ba xj l`ekdgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`cp fjra cljsalp w`xm~jyarxp rahqcx`je% Xm`s fades xmdx `xs~jl`cp sxqh`as smjqlh mdya d cladr ~jyarxpijcqs%
3% XMA XRDES@X@JE XJFDRKAX&JR@AEXAH DGR@CQLXQRA
Cmdegas e acjejf`c sxrqcxqra^AXRRD cj`ec`has w`xm de `f~jrxdex
xqre`eg ~j`ex `e Bdegldhasm's m`sxjrp%Sqsxd`eah acjejf`c grjwxm `s ejwxrdesijrf`eg xma sxrqcxqra ji xmaacjejfp% @i xm`s grjwxm `s sqsxd`eah, xmaebp 2>2> Bdegldhasm w`ll mdya de
acjejfp s`f`ldr xj xmjsa ji f`hhla&`ecjfa cjqexr`as xjhdp% @f~jrxdexiadxqras ji xm`s xrdes`x`je `eclqha?
Xma 'qrbde iqxqra'?
@e 4009, jea&i`ixm ji xma ~j~qldx`je wds
qrbde% Bp 2>2> `x w`ll `ecradsa xj dlfjsxjea&mdli% Iaah`eg c`x`as w`xm eadrlp =>
f`ll`je ~aj~la w`ll ~rjy`ha dgr`cqlxqra
w`xm d mqga fdrkax% Bp 2>2>, jea&xm`rh jixma hafdeh ijr r`ca deh jea&mdli ji xma
hafdeh ijr fadx deh i`sm w`ll cjfa irjfqrbde drads%
Eaw ~dxxares ji ijjh cjesqf~x`je?
Ds `ecjfa r`sas, h`axs bacjfa fjra ydr`ah deh r`cm `e ~rjxa`es% Hafdeh w`ll
r`sa ijr l`yasxjck ~rjhqcxs, i`sm deh ah`blaj`l, ~jxdxjas, yagaxdblas deh ~qlsas% Xm`s
~rjy`has d grjw`eg fdrkax ijr eje&crj~dgr`cqlxqra% D 4>! `ecradsa `e `ecjfa w`ll
`ecradsa hafdeh ijr fadx deh f`lk bp41! deh ijr i`sm bp =!%
Hacl`e`eg hafdeh ijr r`ca?
Bacdqsa ji ~j~qldx`je grjwxm, hafdeh
ijr r`ca w`ll grjw `e dbsjlqxa xarfs% Xm`s
hafdeh -dlljw`eg 4>! ijr saah, iaah, deh
wdsxdga) `s ~rjoacxah xj radcm 89 f`ll`je
faxr`c xjeea bp 2>4>% R`ca ~rjhqcx`je
fqsx hjqbla `e jrhar xj faax xm`s hafdeh%
Ayaexqdllp, mjwayar, hafdeh ijr r`ca w`ll
layal jii bacdqsa ji sljwar ~j~qldx`jegrjwxm deh r`s`eg `ecjfas% Dixar 2>4> xma
grjwxm rdxa ratq`rah xj faax cjesqf~x`je
w`ll ba jelp >%1! ~ar padr%
Fdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra
@e ras~jesa xj xmasa sxrqcxqrdl cmdegas,dgr`cqlxqra `s bacjf`eg fjra fdrkax&jr`aexah% Dgr`cqlxqra `e Bdegldhasm mdsdlwdps mdh d sxrjeg fdrkax jr`aexdx`je,
bqx xma ~rjcass ji cjffarc`dl`sdx`je `sejw dccalardx`eg% Xma xrdes`x`je xj
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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rafd`es ds xma fjsx `f~jrxdex bqx crj~s l`kayagaxdblas, ~qlsas, ~jxdxj, cm`ll` dra dll dlsj yarp`f~jrxdex deh ejx idr irjf r`ca% Crj~s l`kayagaxdblas, cm`ll` mdh fdrg`edl `f~jrxdeca dhacdha dgj -Sxdkamjlhar dedlps`s ra~jrx,
sjqxm&caexrdl cjdsxdl rag`je, ~% 4=)%
Irq`xs deh yagaxdblas dra ~rji`xdbla bacdqsa ji`f~rjyah xrdes~jrxdx`je idc`l`x`as deh idrfarssxdrxah sm`ix`eg xjwdrhs fjra `exaes`yacjffarc`dl crj~s `e ras~jesa xj fdrkaxj~~jrxqe`xp Idrfars dra grdhqdllp sm`ix`egxjwdrhs yagaxdbla -ejx je xma sdfa ldeh) bacdqsaxmap `ecqrrah ljss `e ~dhhp cdqsah bp wdxarljgg`eg ~rjblaf `e xma ldsx hacdha% Yagaxdbla
~rjhqcx`je mds `ecradsah je 'dqs' drad ds wall
-Sxdkamjlhar dedlps`s ra~jrx, sjqxm&wasxcjdsxdl rag`je, ~% 2>, 21)%
Baxal ladi gdrhae`eg wds rdekah ds sacjeh ijr xma ~rasaex bqx xae padrs baijra `x wds ejxcqlx`ydxah baxal ladi `s jea ji xma ~rji xdblacdsm crj~s deh d mdehsjfa raxqre cde ads`lp bajbxd`eah xmrjqgmjqx xma padr% Jeca cqlx`ydxah xmabaxal ladi gdrhae cjex`eqas xj g`ya mdryasx ijr ljegx`fa, ayae ijr 41&2> padrs -Sxdkamjlhardedlps`s ra~jrx, Cmqdhdegd h`sxr`cx, ~% 43)%
Dx ~rasaex cdbbdga*cdql`iljwar dra rdekah ds Ej% 4 ijlljwah bp ~jxdxj, swaax gjqrh, r`ca,yagaxdblas, deh sasdfa @e xma ~dsx r`ca wds xma
Ej% 4 crj~ ijlljwah bp swaax ~jxdxj, bqx w`xm xmacmdega ji x`fa xmasa crj~s dra lass ~rji`xdbla ejw%Xma cmdega `s ra~jrxah fd`elp hqa xj baxxarcjffqe`cdx`je eaxwjrk, fdrkax idc`l`xp dehcmdega `e xma ijjh mdb`x ji xma ~aj~la-Sxdkamjlhar dedlps`s ra~jrx, Cjf`lld
rag`je, ~% =)%
Tqdex`xdx`ya ay`haeca irjf sxdkamjlhar
faax`egs dlsj cjei`rfs xmdx idrfars dra
cmdeg`eg xma crj~ f`} `e ras~jesa xj eaw
fdrkax j~~jrxqe`x`as% Y`lldgars wara dskah
xj rdek xma `f~jrxdeca ji h`iiaraex crj~s
ejw deh irjf 4>&41 padrs dgj% I`gqra 4
smjws xmdx oqxa, j`lsaahs, ~qlsas, cm`ll`as,
deh sqgdrcdea mdya dll hacl`eah `e
`f~jrxdeca, wm`la xmara mds baae d r`sa `e
xma `f~jrxdeca ji ~jxdxjas, yagaxdblas,
baxal, irq`xs, deh s~`cas% R`ca sx`ll rafd`eahxma m`gmasx rdek`eg crj~%
fdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra xdkas sayardlijrfs?
S~ac`dl`sdx`je?
Dx xma mjqsamjlh layal, dgr`cqlxqra `s
bacjf`eg fjra s~ac`dl`sah, w`xm d gradxarsmdra ji idrf `ecjfa cjf`eg irjfcjffjh`x`as xmdx dra xrdhah% Xma smdra jiidrf `ecjfa irjf r`ca `s idll`eg dsidrfars s~ac`dl`sa `e ~rjhqcxs w`xmm`gmar ~rji`x&fdrg`es, edfalp, crj~s,mjrx`cqlxqra, ~jqlxrp, l`yasxjck, jr i`sm% Dxxma sacxjr layal, xmaraijra, dgr`cqlxqra w`llbacjfa fjra h`yars`i`ah%
Fjy`eg dwdp irjf r`ca?
Dx xma mjqsamjlh layal, idrfars w`ll ra&dlljcdxa rasjqrcas dwdp irjf r`ca% Ldehxmdx `s fdrg`edl ijr r`ca cqlx`ydx`je -a%g%,ldeh ~ldexah xj q~ldeh r`ca) w`ll baraladsah ijr jxmar qsas% Ds r`ca ~r`cascjex`eqa xj idll, cqxx`eg fdrg`es, idrfars
w`ll xrp xj rahqca qe`x cjsxs bp dhj~x`egfjhare ydr`ax`as -FYs) deh `f~rjy`egxma aii`c`aecp ji crj~ fdedgafaex% Xm`ssmjqlh aesqra xmdx r`ca ~rjhqcx`je`ecradsas `e dbsjlqxa xarfs%
Grjwxm `e ~ar`&qrbde dgr`cqlxqra?
Dlradhp jea&tqdrxar ji dll 'qrbde'af~ljpfaex dcxqdllp `eyjlyas ojbs `edgr`cqlxqra, ijrasxrp, deh i`smarp ljcdxah `exma ~ar`&qrbde ir`ega% @e idcx, sqcmdcx`y`x`as dra xma fdojr sjqrcas ji qrbdeaf~ljpfaex%
Cjei`rfdx`je irjf sxdkamjlhar
faax`egs Xma xrdes`x`je xjwdrhs d fjra fdrkax&
jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra `s df~lp sq~~jrxah bpay`haeca irjf ^AXRRD's sxdkamjlharfaax`egs% @e sjfa cdsas, cjffarc`dl`sdx`je
mds `eyjlyah `exaes`ip`eg r`ca ~rjhqcx`jebp fjy`eg irjf rd`eiah xj `rr`gdxah r`ca% @e
jxmars `x mds `eyjlyah h`yars`i`cdx`je dwdpirjf r`ca xjwdrhs m`gmar&ydlqa crj~s, ds
xmasa a}car~xs smjw?
D hacdha dgj `f~jrxdeca ji r`ca wds idr fjracjf~drah xj jxmar crj~s Dx ~rasaex r`ca
8
^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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Mjwayar, xma `f~dcxs dra l`kalp xj ba ~js`x`ya
-Wjrlh Bdek, 4001)%
S`f`ldrlp, d racaex dedlps`s ji xma l`yasxjcksacxjr i`ehs xmdx~jyarxp dllay`dx`je aiijrxs dehl`yasxjck sacxjr hayalj~faex mdya dcxqdllp ejx baae
`exagrdxah xjgaxmar `e ~jl`cp xm`ek`eg jr dcx`jexma xm`ek`eg `e xma f`ehs ji ~jl`cp&fdkars `s
aex`ralp xacmejcrdx`c deh badrs l`xxla raldx`jesm`~xj sjfa ji xma `f~jrxdex sjc dl deh acjejf`c
radl`x`as-Dsdhqzzdfde, 2>>>)%
Dlxmjqgm eaw r`ca xacmejljgp mds ~rjyahxj ba ~rj&~jjr, xmara `s ej gqdrdexaa xmdxxma sdfa w`ll ba xrqa ji xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra% Ijr fdrkax&lah grjwxm xj ba ~rj&~jjr, ijqr xm`egs draeacassdrp?
Xacmejljgp xmdx `s scdla&eaqxrdl deh cde
ba ~rji`xdblp dhj~xah bp ~jjrmjqsamjlhs;
De atq`xdbla h`sxr`bqx je ji ldeh deheje&crj~ rasjqrcas;
Aii`c`aex `e~qx, crah`x, deh ~rjhqcxfdrkaxs sj xmdx ~jjr mjqsamjlhs mdyadccass xj `e~qxs deh `eijrfdx`je dehraca`ya s`f`ldr ~r`cas ijr xma`r ~rjhqcxs;deh
^jl`c`as xmdx hj ejx h`scr`f`edxa dgd`esx~jjr mjqsamjlhs -a%g%, sqbs`h`as, scdla&
^jyarxp l`yal`mjjh h`yars`xp deh r`ca
Xm`s ay`haeca sqggasxs xmdx ^AXRRD'sa}clqs`ya ijcqs je r`ca hjas ejx cd~xqra`f~jrxdex cmdegas `e xma sxrqcxqra ji xmadgr`cqlxqra sacxjr deh xma`r `f~dcx je xmamjqsamjlh acjejfp% @x fdkas saesa ijr~rjoacxs xj ijcqs je d s`egla aexrp&~j`ex,
l`ka r`ca% Bqx ^AXRRD mds xj racjge`saxmdx l`yal`mjjh sxrdxag`as dra `ecrads`eglph`yarsa deh xmdx `ecradsas `e mjqsamjlh`ecjfa w`ll ejx oqsx cjfa irjf r`ca% @e dh`yars`i`ah idrf`eg spsxaf xma ralaydexfadsqra ji `f~dcx `s ejx r`ca p alh ~armacxdra jr `ecjfa irjf r`ca, bqx xjxdlmjqsamjlh `ecjfa deh xjxdl idcxjr~rjhqcx`y`xp%
8% DCM@AY@EG D ^JYARXP IJCQS Dlxmjqgm xma ED^ racjge`sas ~jyarxpdllay`dx`je ds d sxrdxag`c jboacx`ya, xmal`eks baxwaae s~ac`i`c ~jl`cp `ssqas deh~jyarxp dra ejx s~allah jqx% @ehaah, fjsxji xma l`xardxqra je dgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`cp mds
d sxrjeg xacmejcrdx`c b`ds% Xma WjrlhBdek sxqhp ji crj~ h`yars`i`cdx`je sxdxas?
Xm`s sxqhp hjas ejx dssass xma `f~dcx ji
h`yars`i`cdx`je je `ecjfa h`sxr`bqx`je, af~ljpfaexgaeardx`je, ~jyarxp dllay`dx`je, jr eqxr`x`je sxdxqs%
1
^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
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4>
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=
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9
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r`ca
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Ejw
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Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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~drxearsm`~s baxwaae EGJs, ~r`ydxabqs`eass deh xma ~qbl`c sacxjr% Sqcm~drxearsm`~s dra bag`ee`eg xj d~~adr `edgr`bqs`eass, w`xm xma qsa ji cjexrdcxidrf`eg bp ^RDE -a}~jrx`eg irq`x oq`ca,
yagaxdblas), Dixdb -~jqlxrp), MJRXA]-yagaxdblas) deh jxmars% Qehar xm`sspsxaf, cjf~de`as aesqra crah`x,a}xaes`je, deh xacmejljgp sq~~jrx xjcjexrdcxah grjwars deh bqp bdck~rjhqcx`je dx ~ra&haxarf`eah ~r`cas% Jeaa}df~la ji EGJ&~qbl`c sacxjr~drxearsm`~ `s xma BRDC ~jqlxrp fjhal,`e wm`cm ldehlass mjqsamjlhs dra sq~~l`ah
w`xm ldpars, ydcc`eas deh fdrkax`eg%
W`xmjqx sqcm `esx`xqx`jes, xmara `s d r`skxmdx fdrkax&lah grjwxm fdp sjfax`fasa}clqha jr iqrxmar `f~jyar`sm rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars%
Dccjrh`eg xj xma sxdkamjlhars ~jxdxj gdya fjra ~rji`x bqx `x ratq`rah yarp m`gm `eyasxfaex cjsx%Sj, xma rasjqrca&~jjr idrfars cdeejx diijrh xjbadr xmdx `eyasxfaex cjsx%%% -Sxdkamjlhardedlps`s ra~jrx, Cjf`lld rag`je, ~% 4=)%
Bdegldhasm smr`f~ ~rjhqcxs wara ejx a}~jsah xj
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sacjehdrp l`xardxqra je dgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`cp,~drx`cqldrlp xma h`dljgqa je Bdegldhasm
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wmae `ecjfa `ecradsas je ldrga idrfs-Mjssd`e, 40=7)% @e Bdegldhasm xma rqrdleje&idrf sacxjr -`eclqh`eg l`yasxjck,~jqlxrp, deh i`smar`as) ejw dccjqexs ijrfjsx ji xma grjwxm `e rqrdl af~ljpfaex%Mjwayar, xm`s af~ljpfaex `s ldrgalp `e
xma ~rjhqcx`je ji eje&xrdhadblas -Falljr,2>>>)% Maeca, grjwxm `s ha~aehaex je dgrjw`eg hjfasx`c fdrkax xmdx, `e xqre,ha~aehs je r`s`eg dyardga l`y`eg sxdehdrhsxj cradxa hafdeh% Xmqs, grjwxm `edgr`cqlxqra deh `e xma rqrdl eje&idrfsacxjrs dra cj&ha~aehaex deh cradxa d'y`rxqjqs c`rcla' xmdx cde l`ix ~jjrmjqsamjlhs dbjya xma ~jyarxp l`ea%Mjqsamjlhs af~ljpah `e rqrdl eje&idrfdcx`y`x`as mdya m`gmar `ecjfas xmdemjqsamjlhs af~ljpah `e dgr`cqlxqrdlldbjqr, sqggasx`eg xmdx l`yal`mjjhh`yars`i`cdx`je `s xma fd`e ~dxmwdp jqxji ~jyarxp, ~rjy`hah xmdx xmara `s cjex`eqah
grjwxm `e dgr`cqlxqrdl ~rjhqcx`y`xp xj gaeardxa
hafdeh%
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wmara m`gm `e`x`dl cjsxs fdp idyjqr ldrgar
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9
^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
^jl`cp sxqh`as irdfawjrk& xma xrdes`x`je xjfdrkax&jr`aexah dgr`cqlxqra? dcm`ay`eg d ~jyarxp ijcqs
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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~laedrp h`scqss`jes, deh wjrk `e sfdllgrjq~s%
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~rjy`ha ~jl`cp&fdkars w`xm edx`jedllp&ra~rasaexdx`ya hdxd dx xma f`crj&layal je
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dlljw dgr`cqlxqra ~jl`cp xj ba l`ekah
fjra cljsalp xj `xs `f~dcx je ~jyarxpdeh ~jyarxp xraehs%
Racjffaehdx`je?^AXRRD sq~~jrx dedx`jedl h`dljgqa je dgr`cqlxqra ~jl`cp%
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dra ~rj&~jjr? s~ac`i`c ~jl`cp ssqas
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Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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sxjrdga); dgr`&bqs`eass -l`yasxjck, ~jsx&
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Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
Sxrdxagpbr`ai ej% 2%2
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
29/90
radl`sx`c ijr fjsx ji xma ~jl`cp `ssqas xmdx
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8/14/2019 Book 2: Strategies - PETRRA - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research
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4>
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acjejfp ji xacmejljg`cdl cmdega deh ~jl`cp `exaryaex`jes% ~% 477&22=% @e? Rjgdlp, B%,
Mdrr`ss&Wm`xa, B% deh Bjsa, S%, ah`xjrs% Sjedr Bdegld: Dgr`cqlxqrdl grjwxm deh dgrdr`de
cmdega `e Wasx Baegdl deh Bdegldhasm% Qe`yars`xp ^rass L`f`xah -Q^L), Hmdkd%Dsdhqzzdfde, F% 2>>>% L`yasxjck sacxjr, acjejf`c hayalj~faex, deh ~jyarxp dllay`dx`je `e
Bdegldhasm% ~% 82&13% @e? Sdxxdr, F% D%, ah`xjr% Cmdeg`eg rqrdl acjejfp ji Bdegldhasm%
Bdegldhasm Acjejf`c Dssjc`dx`je -BAD), Hmdkd%
Dsdhqzzdfde, F% 2>>4% Bdegldhasm dgr`cqlxqra `e xma ard ji gljbdl`sdx`je? cjesxrd`exs deh
j~~jrxqe`x`as% ~% 83&92% @e? Dbhqlldm, D%, ah`xjr% Bdegldhasm acjejfp 2>>>? Salacxah
`ssqas% Bdegldhasm @esx`xqxa ji Hayalj~faex Sxqh`as -B@HS), Hmdkd%
Bdkar, H% 4002% Xma `edb`l`xp ji idrf`eg spsxafs rasadrcm xj hadl w`xm dgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`cp%
Dgr`cqlxqrdl dhf`e`sxrdx`je -rasadrcm deh a}xaes`je) eaxwjrk ~d~ar ej% 31% Jyarsads
Hayalj~faex @esx`xqxa -JH@), Ljehje%
Hjrjsm, ^% deh Smdmdbqhh`e, T%, ah`xjrs% 2>>4% Ijjh ~jl`cp deh ijjh sacqr`xp `e Bdegldhasm?
Fjy`eg ijrwdrh dixar xma 400= iljjh% ^rjcaah`egs ji xma sacjeh deeqdl IFRS^
wjrksmj~, Hmdkd, Jcxjbar 4=&40, 4000% Ijjh Fdedgafaex deh Rasadrcm Sq~~jrx
-IFRS) ~rjoacx% @I^R@, Hmdkd%
Mjssd`e, F% 2>>>% Bdegldhasm dgr`cqlxqra dx xma crjssrjdhs? cqrraex cmdllaegas% Ra~jrx ej% 39%
Caexra ijr ^jl`cp H`dljgqa -C^H), Hmdkd%
Mjssd`e, F% 40=7% Dgr`cqlxqrdl grjwxm l`ekdgas? xma Bdegldhasm cdsa% B@HS, ]Y -4)? 4&3>,
Hmdkd%
Mjssd`e, F% 4009% Dgr`cqlxqrdl ~jl`c`as `e Bdegldhasm? ayjlqx`je deh `f~dcx je crj~
~rjhqcx`je% ~% 3>1&38>% @e? Dbhqlldm, D% deh Kmde, D% R%, ah`xjrs% Sxdxa, fdrkax deh
hayalj~faex? assdps `e mjejqr ji Ramfde Sjbmde% Q^L, Hmdkd%
Mjssd`e, F% deh Smdmdbqhh`e, T% 4000% Sqsxd`edbla dgr`cqlxqrdl hayalj~faex `e Bdegldhasm?
cmdllaegas deh `ssqas% ~% 91&7=% @e? Bmq`pde, S% @% deh