book and course overview-1st day slides

8/3/2019 Book and Course Overview-1st Day Slides

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Land Use and Environment

the relationship of land use and the natural environment

policies and programs to control land use impacts and to

protect and restore environmental resources.

environmentally sensitive land use, design anddevelopment

methods and techniques of environmental land analysis

technologies for mitigation of environmental impacts


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Sustainability

paths of economic, social, environmental, andpolitical progress that aim to meet the needs oftoday without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their needsthe integration of the Es, the tri-objectives

Economy,

Environment, and

social Equity, plus

Engagement for political participation, and

Eternity for a future orientation


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Environmental Management for Sustainability

Means of controlling or guiding human-environmentinteractions to protect and enhance human healthand welfare and environmental quality

Nature impacts humans (natural hazards)

Humans impact humans through the environment

(pollution)Humans deplete economic natural resources

Humans undermine natural systems and ecosystems


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What is Green & Sustainable Community?

Sustainable: Stable economy

Livable, affordable, walkable, mixed use community

Healthy environment

Engaged public

Green: Restore and protect natural waters, biodiversity, air quality

Use land, energy, water, materials efficiently Reduce carbon emissions

Mitigate natural hazards

Adapt to environmental change


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Developing a skill set to creategreen, sustainable communities

Geospatial analysis

Natural science, engineering and analysis:

Soils, water flow, water quality, ecology (forestry,

wetlands, coastal zone, habitats), climate change Integration methods and metrics

Integrating science, design, planning, and policy

Planning process and collaboration

Land conservation programs

Community design

Smart growth management

Watershed and ecosystem management


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In production,available Dec 2011but we will usenew material

Creating Sustainable Communities,

Watersheds, and Ecosystems


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Part I. Context

Environmental Management

Environmental Planning

Land Use Planning

Collaborative Planning


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Part II:Environmental Land Analysis

Geospatial Information and GIS

Soils and Geology

Land Use and Water: Flow, Quality, Groundwater

Ecology, Vegetation, Urban Forestry Land-Water Interface: Riparian, Wetland, Coastal

Land Use and Wildlife Habitat

Land Use and Climate ChangeNatural Hazard Mitigation

Integrative Methods & Metrics


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Part III: Environmental Land UseManagement

Land Conservation

Design with Nature for People

Smart Growth: Local Government &Environmental Land Use

Regional, State, Federal Environmental LandUse

Ecosystem and Watershed Management


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You arehere

Po

pulation,billion

We are in the middle of the great transition

to where is the question.


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The End of Cheap Oil


13/100Source: OSTP


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Global Land-Ocean Temperature index

2010 was hottest year on record!!


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If nothing is done to slowgreenhouse gas emissions. . .

CO2 concentrations will likely

be more than 700 ppm by 2100

Global average temperatures

projected to increase between

2.5 - 10.4F

2100

Source: OSTP


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Climate change and extreme weather:Is the last year and the last month a sign of things to come?

Australia floods in January


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Brazil floods and mudslides in January


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Connecticut snow


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Joplin, MO Tornado: 119 dead


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Summer 2011Heat Wave


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Natural Hazards

Flooding near

Buena Vista, VA,

1995


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Flood Profiles and

Flood Plain Maps


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Smart land use to reduce

coastal storm hazard to

development and protectbeach and dune resources


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Other natural hazards: landslides


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Seismic

Earthquake

Hazards


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Japanese Earthquake/Tsunami


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Geospatial Information and GIS:

The Geospatial Revolution!!


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Remote Sensing

Aerial Photos

DOQQ


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Environmental

Monitoring with

Satellite data


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Soils


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Soils


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Erosion and

Sediment

Control

Planning

Land se and Water


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Land use and Water

Hydrologic Cycle


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Effect of land usechange and

impervious surfaceon runoff andstream flow


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Schueler, Fraley-McNeal, Cappiella, 2009

Schuelers Impervious Cover Model


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Reformulated Impervious Cover Model

Schueler, Fraley-McNeal, Cappiella, 2009


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TR 55:

Impact of land use on

peak discharge


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Win TR-55


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Low Impact

Development (LID)

Bioretention:

Using vegetated

Depressions toDetain and Treat

Runoff


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Drainage Swale


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G d t T i l


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Groundwater Terminology


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Wellhead

Protection

Areas

Landscape Ecology


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Landscape Ecology

Forested Riparian Buffers: Water quality and habitat protection


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Forested Riparian Buffers: Water quality and habitat protection

The Riparian Zone


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The Riparian Zone


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American

ForestsEcological

Analysis:

Canopy Cover

Atlanta, 1974


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Forest Cover

1996


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Wetlands: Avoid Minimize Mitigate


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Wetlands: Avoid, Minimize, Mitigate


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Alternative development designs to mitigate impact in theCoastal zone

Wildlife Habitats


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Core ReservesManaged specifically for

wildlife species diversity.

Buffer Zone

Managed for desirable edgespecies and lowIntensity recreation.

Farm or Ranch Land

Linking CorridorManaged as habitat andfor species migrationand dispersal.

Green Infrastructure


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Green Infrastructure


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Holmes Run:Urban Biodiversity

in a highly urbanized

watershed


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Habitat Conservation

Plans (HCP) andNatural Community

Conservation Plans (NCCP)

P t III L d U M t t C t


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Part III: Land Use Management to CreateGreen & Sustainable Communities,

Watersheds, and Ecosystems

Land Use and Climate Change

Land ConservationDesign with Nature for People

Smart Growth Management

Ecosystem and Watershed Management

Why do we need the


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yGreen & Sustainable Community?

To respond to three imperatives:

The Land Use Sprawl Imperative

The Climate Change Imperative

The Affordable Livibility Imperative

The Solution?

Urbanism compact, walkable, mixed use,dense, transit-oriented, green communities


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The Land Use Sprawl ImperativeSprawl: land consumptive, dispersed, auto-dependentland development made up of homogeneous segregatedland uses heavily dependent on collector roads.

Consumes natural habitat and agricultural land

Drives up vehicle miles traveled, oil consumption, GHG emissions

Social impacts of isolated, auto dependent, sedentary lifestyles

Unsustainable patterns of land use

The Imperative:

manage land use and development and arrest sprawl

to protect water, agriculture, habitats

to conserve energy and materials and reduce GHG emissions

design and plan livable, walkable, and healthy communities

reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) & oil & GHG emissions


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U.S. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)


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U.S. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)1960-2005, projections to 2025

Millions

Growth at 2.3%/yr, doubling every 30 years

Energy Use: Land Use, Building size, Consumer choice


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Suburban

Average

Suburban

Green

Urban SF

Average

Urban SF

Green

Urban MF Urban MF

Green

12571 50

2150

21

108

56 90

4527

18

184

92

147

74 61

49

MillionBtu/yr

Typical Residential Energy Use by Design Type

Primary Electric

Heating

Transport

219

297

140 138

88

417

Los Angeles VMT CO2 per sq. mi.


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g 2 p q

Los Angeles CO2 per household


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Los Angeles CO2 per household

The Climate Change Impe ati e


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The Climate Change ImperativeUnsustainable patterns of energy use

Carbon-based fossil fuels cause global warming,climate change and expected impacts:

increased human deaths from heat waves, floods,hurricanes, droughts, malnutrition, and infectious diseases;

water supply shortages; spatial shifts of ecosystems and agricultural systems;

species extinction; and

coastal sea level rise and flooding

The Imperative: Mitigate climate change by reducing GHG by reducing

carbon energy

Prepare for and adapt to the consequences of climate

change


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Land Use & Climate Change

Our sprawling patterns of land use have created anautomobile and petroleum culture that is a majorsource of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We can mitigate GHG emissions through more efficient

patterns of land use and building and transportation

technology

Our patterns of coastal and streamside developmentand water consumption make us vulnerable to theimpacts of climate change We need to anticipate the effects of climate change and

adapt to those changes with planning for alternative watersupply and more severe natural hazards from extremeweather events and sea level rise.

The emerging field of Climate Action Planningstresses both mitigation and adaptation.

The Affordable Livability Imperative


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The Affordable Livability ImperativeIncreasing rates of poverty

Jobs: Un- and under-employmentJobs-housing imbalance

Unaffordable housing

Unaffordable mobility

The Imperative:

Create affordable housing and mobility through dense,

compact, mixed use development and transit access Workforce training for green jobs

Workforce housing

Green & Sustainable Communities


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Green & Sustainable Communities

Apply sustainable technologies and designs atvarious scales

Promote market penetration of these systems

through green rating systems,

sustainability planning, and

public policies and regulations

social movement and consumer and community choice

S t i bl D i


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Sustainable Designs

Applied at different scales from building to site toneighborhood to community to region

Environmental objectives:

Energy, water, land and material efficiency; renewable energy;climate change mitigation

Water and air quality protection, waste minimization

Natural hazard mitigation and adaptation

Biodiversity preservation

Economic objectives:

Social objectives:

N i hb h d S l


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Neighborhood Scale

Neighborhood LID: Light Imprint Develop.Green Infrastructure

Neighborhood/community energy systems

Combined heat & power

District heating (+absorption cooling)

Neighborhood solar

Sustainable land use Compact, Mixed use, Walkable Design

5 Ds: Density, Diversity, Design, Destination

accessibility, Distance to transit

Neighborhood: Green Infrastructure


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gTree Canopy, Bioretention & Infiltration

LID Neighborhood Design:


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LID Neighborhood Design:smaller lots, retained vegetation

on-site water retention/infiltration,

Sustainable Land Use


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Sustainable Land UseSmart Growth (neighborhood scale):

Grow where infrastructure exists Infill development and redevelopment

New Urbanism Design: Compact, mixed use, walk-able neighborhoods

Neo-traditional neighborhoods

5 Ds of Sustainable Land Use: Density: population/employment per acre

Diversity: mixed use residential/commercial/jobs

Design: aesthetics, sidewalks, street connectivity

Destination accessibility: ease of trip from pt. of origin

Distance to Transit: 1/4 to mile from home or work

Th N i hb h d


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The Neighborhood

The optimal size of a neighborhood

is a quarter-mile from center toedge. For most people, a quartermile is a five-minute walk. For aneighborhood to feel walkable,many daily needs should besupplied within this five-minute

walk. That includes not only homes,but stores, workplaces, schools,houses of worship, and recreationalareas.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)


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TOD Arlington County, VA


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TOD Arlington County, VA

Portland


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The 20-minute Complete Neighborhood Concept


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Portland Light Rail and TODs

King Farm New Urbanism development near Rockville, MD


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Photosimulation of redevelopment design

in Stillwater, MN


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,


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Spatial impact of the automobile: 40 people, one peson per car


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40 people as if in their cars


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40 people as if on a bus


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40 people walking and biking


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Local Government

Land Use Planning

and Management


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Zoning ordinance

UrbanGrowth


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Boundary

Growth Boundary


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Portland, Oregon

regon


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book and course overview-1st day slides

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