Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, Fall, 1988

BOOK NOTES

Compiled by Jerry Mitchell and Sara MelnickBaruch College, City University of New York

Auert>ach, Judith D. 1^8. In the Business of Child Care: EmployerInitiatives and Working Women (New York: Praeger) 184 pp.; iSBN0-275-92858-6.

This book fumishes a comprehensive examinatbn d the historyof chiid care pdicies and programs. It kJentifies and anaiyzes severaiaitemative methods d provkJing chiid care. The particuiar focus is onempioyer supported chttd care initiatives.

Attoe, Wayne (ed.) 1988. Transit, Land Use and Urban Form (Austin,TX: Center for the Study of American Architecture) viii +212 pp.; iSBN 0-934951-01-2.

This cdiection of essays examines the transportation crisis inAmerican cities. The rde of transit deveiopment in the siiaping durban cities is discussed in general and iiiustrated through case studiesof Portiand, San Diego and Toronto. Various issues in the implementa-tion and development of transit systems are addressed.

Baidwin, Roijert E, (ed.) 1988, Trade Policy Issues and EmpiricalAnalysis (Chicago, iL: The University of Chicago Press) ix + 379pp.; iSBN 0-226-03607-3,

This cdiectbn of artbies assesses American trade pdby, and itsinfluence on the trade theories and practices throughout the worid.The effects of imperfect competitbn, protectionism, and foreign directinvestment on specifb industries and countries are discussed.

Berkowitz, Monroe, (ed) 1988. Measuring the Efficiency of PublicPrograms: Costs and Benefits In Vocational Rehabilitation (Phiia-deiphia, PA: Tempie University Press) 267 pp.; iSBN 0-87722-527-3,

The contributors to this vdume expiore methods of evaiuatingthe efficiency of vocationai reiiabiiitation. They focus on iienefit-cost

Book Notes 227

analysis, and investigate its uses and iimitatbns as an instrunfient forassessing the performance of federai and sfote vocationai rehaisiiitationprograms. The probiems in measuring efflciency are higNighted.

Beriowitz, Lesiie, Denis Donoghue, and Louis Menand (eds.) 1989.America In Theory (New York: Oxford University Press) xvi +312 pp.; iSBN 0-19050-539-6.

This cdiection of readings anaiyzes the effect d "originai intent'on the formation of public pdicy. Pdicy areas such as education, civNrights, foreign pdicy, women's rights, nudear arms, and affirmativeaction are examined. The authors recommend a cioser interpretation dAmerica's past as the basis for future pdicynfiaking.

Byrd, Peter (ed.) 1988. British Foreign Policy Under Thatcher (NewYork: St. Martin's Press) vii + 211 pp.; iSBN 0-312-02526-2.

This vdume is a comprehensive study of British foreign pdbyunder the ieadership of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. New kJeasemerging from Thatcher's influence have changed foreign pdicy. Pdi-cies and reiations with Eastem Bioc countries, Asia, the Mkldie East,Africa, the United States, and Argentina are anaiyzed in iight of thesechanges.

Chandier, Mitte Oiinon, 1988. Urban Homesteadlng: Programs andPolicies (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press) 164 pp.; iSBN 0-313-26338-8.

This vdume uses a case study methoddogy to examine urbanhomesteading in Baitimore, Detroit, and Phiiadeiphia. The book focuseson the attitudes of iocai and federai offlciais toward urttan iiome-steading, aitemative methods of impiementing homesteading in thethree cities, and the major consequences d homesteading.

Couiter, Phiiip B. 1988. Political Voice: Citizen Demand For UrisanPublic Services (Tuscaioosa, AL: The University of Aiabama Press)105 pp.; iSBN 0-8173-0338-3,

This book tests severai hypotheses about who contracts govem-nfient agencies (and why). The author offers various modeis d con-tacting, tests severai contacting hypotheses in Birmingham, Aiabama,and proposes an aiternative modei of contacting based on the Birm-ingiiam research.

228 Policy Studies Journal

Feiton, John Riciiard and Daie G. Anderson. 1989. Regulation andDeregulation of the Motor Carrier Industry (Ames, IA: Iowa StateUniversity Press) x + 210 pp.

This book represents the results d research on tiie impact dgovemment reguiatbn of the U.S. motor canier industry. The researchevaiuates the economic impact of regiMatbn before and after 1980, anddiscusses the history of reguiation in this industry. An assessment ofthe Motor Canier Act d 1980 is induded.

Foreman, Christopher H. Jr. 1989. Signals From the Hill: CongressionalOversight and the Challenge of Social Regulation (New Haven,CT: Yaie University Press) x + 214 pp.; iSBN 0-300-04410-0.

This ix)ok assesses tfie effectiveness d congressionai oversigfit,whether or not it couid be improved, and what it shows about thereiationship between Congress and the reguiatory agencies. The bookprovkJes examples d oversight and kJentifies issues that effect thereiations between congressionai committees and the agencies. Theauthor offers ways to improve the process of sociai reguiatbn throughoversigiit,

Gibney, Mark, 1988. Open Borders? Closed Societies?: The Etiilcat andPolitical Issues (New York: Greenwood Press) xvi + 211 pp.; iSBN0-313-25578-4,

This cdiection of essays anaiyzes ethicai and morai issuessurrounding immigration and refugee pdicies. The contributors useAustraiia and the United States to Hiustrate morai and ethicai issuesunderiying immigratbn pdbies. Models d morally responsibie immi-gratkxi and refugee pdbies are suggested.

Gould, Leroy C , Gerald T, Gardner, Donaid R, DeLucai, Adrian R,Tiemann, Leonard W. Doob and Jan A.J. Stdwijk. 1988. Percep-tions of Technological Risks and Benefits (New York: Russeii SageFoundatbn) ix + 277 pp.; iSBN 0-87154-362-1.

This vdume reibs on the resuits d a mass survey to examinepubib's opinbns about such techndogies as nudear power, handguns,and Industriai chemicai productbn. The resuits indbate pubib opinksnis ieaning towards stricter contrd of risky techndogies. These con-dusbns are discussed in iigiit of techndogbai dereguiation.

Book Notes 229

Hawkesworth, M.E. 1988. Theoretical Issues tn Policy Analy^s (Aibany,NY: State University d New Yorit Press) 287 pp.; iSBN 0-88706-840-5.

This vdume focuses on the reiatbnship between pdby inquiryand pditicai theory. The author proposes a framework for pdicy in-quiry that integrates foct and vaiues. He appiies his frameworic topdicies toward affirmative actbn, workfore, human rights, and pdi-ticai vidence.

Hess, Peter N. 1988. Population Growtii and Socioeconomic Progress InLess Developed Countries: Determinants of Fertility Transition(New Yori<: Praeger Pubiishers) xiv + 184 pp.; ISBN 0-275-92979-5.

This book examines rates and determinants d fertiiity in iessdeveioped countries. The isook investigates fertiiity rates in partbuiarnations, aneilyzes the impact d fomMy planning programs, and discussesvarious development strategies conducive to reducing fertiiity.

Horowitz, Roiiert Britt. 1988. The Irony of Regulatory Reform: TheDeregulation of American Telecommunications (New York: OxfordUniversity Press) 414 pp.; iSBN 0-19-505445-8.

A history of American telecommunications-both teiephone andbroadcast-is contained in this ixx>k. Three distinct piiases d reguia-tion are kJentified, each d whbh corresponds to three discrete typesof reguiatory agencbs. The book indudes an anaiysis d the pditics ddereguiation during the Reagan years,

Hyman, Eric L and Bruce Stiftei. 1988. Combining Facts and Values InEnvironmentai Impact Assessment: Theories and Techniques (Boui-der, CO: Westview Press) 304 pp.; iSBN 0-8133-7162-7.

Various metiiods to improve current environmenfoi impact assess-ment are investigated in this work. Drawing upon recent iiteraturefrom pditicai science, economics, psychdogy, and ecdogy, the authorsdiscuss ways to improve cost-isenefit anaiysis, iand-suifobiiity anaiysis,network anaiysis, and muitipie-objective anaiysis. A new metfiod isoffered for doing an environmenfoi impact case study.

Lee, Phii and Cdin Raixin. 1988. Welfare Theory and Sociai Policy:Reform or Revolution? (Newbury Park, CA: Sage) 232 pp.; iSBN0-8039-8131-7.

230 Policy Studies Journal

The anaiysis of Marxist and Fai}ian weifore pdicies in GreatBritain are addressed in this work. The authors examine each compet-ing view of the weifore sfote in historical and present-day contexts.The authors argue that each tradition shouid be conskJered in thedeveiopment of a coherent weifore pdby,

Liachowltz, Qaire H, 1988. Disatjillty as Social Construct: LegislativeRoots (Phiiadeiphia, PA: University of Pennsyivania Press)139 pp.; iSBN 0-8122-8134-9,

This historicai account d disabiiity iegisiatbn contends thatdisabiiity is not a oniy a resuit of physbai handicaps, but aiso theconsequence of sociai devaluation and segregatbn. This contention issupported by an historicai anaiysis of American iegisiation from 1770to 1920. The analysis of the eariy legisiation deariy indbates atraditbn of inflexibiiity and disregard toward the disabied.

Linowes, DavkJ F. 1988. Privatization: Toward More Effective Govern-ment, Report of the President's Commission on Privatization(Champaign, iL: University of iiiinois Press) 282 pp.; iSBN 0-252-06058-X.

This book presents the conciusions and recommendations of a bi-partisan commission on privatization. The commission memi^ers suggestprivatization may be possibie for iow-income housing, housing finance,federai ioan programs, air traffic contrd, educationai choice, theposfol service, mNitary operations, and Amtrak. The reiationshipbetween economic pdicy and privatizatbn is higNighted.

Meione, Aib>ert P. and George Mace. 1988. Judicial Review and Ameri-can Democracy (Ames, iA: iowa Sfote University Press) 289 pp.;ISBN 0-8138-0093-5.

This text examines the scope of judiciai review by the U.S.Supreme Court and anaiyzes the democratic impiications of the Court'sveto power. The authors investigate the historicai rde d the SupremeCourt, kJentify the scope d judbiai review, and assess usurpation andcompatit}iiity questbns through reievant case iaw.

Nathan, Richard P, 1^8. Social Science In Govemment (New Yori<:Basic Books) 224 pp.; ISBN 0^165-07911-3.

The appiication and utiiization of sociai science in government isfeatured in this work. The author argues that sociai science is used

Book Notes 231

when it is relevant to the needs of pdbymakers and when it invdvesboth quantitative and quaiitative methods. The author evaiuates pdicystudies of weifore, empioyment, and urban programs.

Portis, Edward Bryan and Mbhaei B. Levy. (eds). 1988. Handbook ofPolitical Theory and Policy Science (Westport, CT: GreenwoodPress) 312 pp.; iSBN 0-313-25598-9.

This edited vdume focuses on the deisate about the proper rela-tionship between pditicai theory and pdicy anaiysis. it is organizedaround three arguments: 1) pditicai theory and pdicy anaiysis arecompiementary, 2) pditicai theory and pidby anaiysis are hierar-chicaiiy integrai, and 3) pditbai theory and pdby anaiysis aremutuaiiy exdusive. Some contributors indude Bruce Jennings, Robert.Goodin, DavkJ C. Paris, Cfiaries Anderson, and Susan Hanson.

RoL>ertson, David B. and Dennis R. Judd. 1989. The Development ofAmerican Public Policy (Gienview, iL: Scott, Foresman/Litde,Brown) xxiii + 399 pp.; iSBN 0-673-39881-1.

This bock reviews the influence pditbai conservatives haverecentiy had on American sociai pdbies. The book anaiyzes conserva-tive views of power among the federai and sfote govemments, civiirights, weifore, education, urban pdby and environmenfoi protectbn.The authors argue tiiat the deveiopment of a foir and effective set dsociai pditics has been impeded by conservative kJedogues.

Steinbruner, John D. ed. 1989. Restructuring American Foreign Policy(Washington, DC: The Brookings institution) xii + 260 pp.; iSBN0-8157-8144-X.

The contributors to this vdume offer various proposais forrestructuring American foreign pdby. New mecfianisms are offered tocounteract tiie diminishing effectiveness of U.S. foreign pdby. Tiiefoiiures of current pdicbs are examined in iigfit d ciianging domestband internationai econombs, security conditions, and worid pditics.

Tataiovich, Raymond and Byron W. Daynes. (ed) 1988. Sociai RegulatoryPolicy: Moral Controversies in American Politics (BoukJer, CO:Westview Press) 260 pp.; iSBN 0-8133-7386-7.

The contributors to this putiibation utNize Theodore Lowi'sframework of pubib pdbies to explore various controversial and moraiissues. Tiie book opens with an introductbn by Lowi in which fie

232 Policy Studies Journal

eiaborates on the iogic d his seminai pubiic pdicy framework. Leadingschdars use the framework to anaiyze pdicies toward abortion, schodprayer, affinnative action, pomography, gun contrd, and crime.

Tdiison, Robert D. (ed) 1988, Clearing The Air: Perspectives OnEnvironmental Tobacco Smoke (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books)148 pp.; ISBN 0-669-18007-6.

This vdume brings together different perspectives on tiie contrdof environmentai tobacco smoke, it indudes an anaiysis d environ-mentai tolTacco smoke and putrib heaith programs as they reiate tomanagement pdbies, pditicai kJedogies, and property rights. Anappendix is induded that sumnfiarizes scientific evkJence on theiiazards of environmentai tot)acco smoke.

Vickers, John and George Yarrow. 1988. Privatization: An EconomicAnalysis (Cambridge, MA: MiT Press) 454 pp.; iSBN 0-262-22033-4.

This study anaiyzes recent pdicies toward privatization, compe-tition, and reguiation in Great Britain, The book evaiuates the reiativeeffbiency and equity d state-owned versus privateiy owned enter-prises. The authors argue that the govemment's current pdby dtransfer ownership shouid i e repiaced by a pdicy d stimuiating com-petition and provkJing effective reguiation.

Weir, Margaret, Ann Shda Orioff, and Theda Skocpd (ed). 1988. ThePolitics of Social Policy in the United States (Princeton:Princeton University Press) 465 pp.; ISBN 0-691-02841-9.

In this edited vdume, the assumptions underiying American sociaipdicy are kJentified and assessed. The contributors scrutinize thehistory of sociai pdicy in a way tfiat informs present-day pdicydebates. New fomHy pdbies and firii empioyment programs are kJenti-fied tiiat migiit i}etter address the needs d lower and mkJdie incomeAmericans.

Zimmerman, Shiriey L 1988. Understanding Family Policy: TheoreticalApproaches (Newbury Park, CA: Sage) 200 pp.; iSBN 0-8039-3226-X,

This ixx)k kientifies and describes pubiic programs within thescope of fomHy pdicy. The ixx>k provkJes a definition of fomHy pdicy,kJentifies the basic assumptions underiying the pdicy domain, aridevaiuates the successes and foHures of varbus famHy programs.