boris m. smirnov: fundamentals of ionized gases — 2011/9/2

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Boris M. Smirnov: Fundamentals of Ionized Gases — 2011/9/2 — page 469 — le-tex

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469

Index

aAbsorbed power 265Absorption coefficient 129Absorption cross section 128Acoustic oscillations 338Active centers 370Activation energy 291Adiabatic condition 306, 307Adiabatic exponent 305Adiabatic law 415Aerosol plasma 8, 350, 417Aerosols 417Afterglow plasma 7Aitken particles 359, 417Alfvén speed 310Alfvén wave 310Ambipolar diffusion 253Ambipolar diffusion coefficient 255Amplification of oscillations 324Arrhenius law 291Associative detachment 90Associative ionization 103Atom spectrum in plasma 49Atmospheric ions 426Atmospheric plasma 359, 412Atomic oxygen in atmosphere 421Attachment instability 341Attachment of electrons to molecules 87, 93Attenuation factor 320Aurora 274, 421, 447–449Autodetachment state 93Autoionizing state 86

bBalance equations 54Barometric distribution 26Battery 5Beam plasma 8, 19Beam-plasma instability 321

Benard cells 287Bethe formula 77Biberman-Holstein equation 176Blackbody radiation 31Blooming 191Boltzmann distribution 36Boltzmann kinetic equation 133Born approximation 83Boundary layer 288Braking of electrons 140, 144Breakdown of a gas 95, 427Bremsstrahlung 112Broadening of spectral lines 123Bunching of electrons 353Buneman instability 323Bursian current 21

cCapture cross section 62Cathode rays 6Chapman-Enskog approximation 201Characteristic energy 228Charge exchange process 70-76Charge separation 426Charging of the Earth 427Charging of clusters 367Chemical equilibrium 1Chemical plasma 8Classical plasma 44Clouds 426Cluster plasma 8, 360, 395Cluster relaxation 361Coagulation 401Coalescence 401Coefficient of cluster diffusion 361, 363Coefficient of electron diffusion 204, 205,

206Coefficient of ion diffusion 210Collision integral 134, 135

Fundamentals of Ionized Gases, First Edition. Boris M. Smirnov.© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2012 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

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470 Index

Collision momentum 71Complex plasma 359Conductivity of ionized gas 155Conductivity tensor 262Continuity equation 196Convection 284, 286Convective heat transport 287Conversion of atomic ions into molecular ions

99, 114Corona discharge 453Coulomb logarithm 70, 141Coupling constant for plasma 99Critical cluster size 404Cross-fluxes 225, 226Cross section 46Cross section of resonant charge exchange

47Current-convective instability 343Cyclotron frequency 265, 344Cyclotron resonance 265, 314

dDalgarno formula 230Damping of drift wave 335Damping of plasma oscillations 316, 317Debye–Hückel radius 10Deceleration of electron beam 321Decay instability 355Decrease of the ionization potential 48Degenerate Fermi gas 44Depolarization of atoms 110Dielectric cluster 370Dielectron recombination 92Differential cross section 55Diffusion atom-cluster cross section 61Diffusion coefficient 144, 145, 204, 363Diffusion coefficient of electrons 219, 228Diffusion cross section 60Diffusion regime of cluster movement 251Diffusive motion of particles 206Dimensional analysis 31, 86Dipole radiative transitions 115Disappearance of spectral lines 62Dispersion relation 305Dissociative attachment 87Dissociative equilibrium 2, 29Dissociative recombination 87, 88, 90Distance of closest approach 55Distribution function 14, 123Distribution function of electrons 77, 93Distribution function of ions 200Distribution function of photons 123D-layer of ionosphere 419

Doppler broadening of spectral lines 124Double layer 19, 250Drag force 376Drift velocity 133Drift waves 335Dusty plasma 8Dynamo machine 5

eEarth charge 425Earth charging 433Earth heat balance 413Effective electron temperature 228Effective temperature of radiation 183Efficiency of atom excitation 162Einstein coefficients 114Einstein relation 207E-layer of ionosphere 2, 419, 420Elastic collisions 50Electric breakdown of gases 95Electric domain 345Electric properties of Earth 443Electrolyte 43Electromagnetic wave 334Electron-atom collision integral 155, 157Electron beam 19Electron scattering length 66Electron drift 146, 220Electron temperature 7, 139Electron terms 96Electron thermal conductivity coefficient 213Electrophoresis 258Eletskii oscillations 342Energetic Townsend coefficient 168Equation of gas state 186Equilibrium constant 242Equilibrium plasma 3Equilibrium radiation 29Ergodic theorem 22Etching 455Euler equation 197Exchange interaction potential 45Excimer lasers 101Excimer molecules 101Excitation cross section 77Excitation rate 77Excitation temperature 186Excitation transfer process 97

fFaraday effect 312Fine structure constant 112First Townsend coefficient 167

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Index 471

F-layers of ionosphere 420Fock formula 337Fokker-Planck equation 138Fractal aggregates 418Fractal fibres 418Frequency distribution function 123Frictional force 199Frozen magnetic lines of force 276Fuks formula 363Fusion plasma 450

gGas discharge lamps 449Gas discharge plasma 2, 7Gaseous state criterion 46, 56, 151Gas-kinetic cross section 215Gaussian distribution 37Grashof number 288Group velocity of wave 325

hHall effect 262Hall thrusters 451Hard sphere model 57, 214, 216Harpoon mechanism 101He-Ne laser 2Heat balance of the Earth 413Heat capacity 203Heat equation 208Heat flux 208Heavisade layer 418Helicon wave 316Herzberg continuum 421Holzmark function 18Hot plasma 450Hybrid waves 314Hydrodynamic instabilities 324Hydrodynamics of ionized gases 195

iIdeality criterion 39Ideal plasma 11, 38Impact broadening of spectral lines 124Impact parameter of collision 75Interaction potential of two inert gas atoms

59Ion-atom diffusion cross section 230Ion coat 390Ion-ion recombination 259Ion mobility 213Ion propulsion 452Ion thrusters 451Ionization cross section 81Ionization equilibrium 1, 2, 29

Ionization instability 336Ion mobility 201Ionosphere 418Ion sound 308Isothermal conditions 307

jJupiter rings 449

kKinematic viscosity coefficient 200Kinetic coefficients 204Kinetic equation 133Kinetic instabilities 324Kinetic regime of cluster processes 250, 367Knudsen number 250Korteweg-de Vries equation 326Kramers formula 118

lLandau collision integral 142Landau damping factor 338Langevin formula 260, 364Langmuir frequency 13Langmuir oscillations 307Langmuir paradox 321Langmuir soliton 328Larmor frequency 222Laser plasma 7, 8Lawson criterion 450Le Chatelier principle 1Lighthill criterion 325Lightning 12, 417Liquid drop model 60Lithography process 455Local thermodynamic equilibrium 181Longitudinal oscillation 304Long-lived complex 108Lorenz profile of spectral lines 176Low temperature plasma 450

mMacroscopic equations for gas 195, 200Magnetic pressure 276Magnetic lines of force 276Magnetic moment 267Magnetic moment of Earth 250Magnetic mirror 272Magnetic sound 310Magnetic trap 269Magnetohydrodynamic waves 309Magnetron discharge 20, 270Massey parameter 96Maxwell distribution 27Maxwell equations 317

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472 Index

Mean free path 46Mercury lamp 12Mesosphere 416Metal-containing molecules 406, 408Metal clusters 409Metallic plasma 43, 45, 47Microfields in plasma 48MHD-generator 451, 452Mobility of charged particles 208Modulation instability 326Molecular anharmonicity 35Momentum transport equation 284Mutual neutralization of ions 107

nNavier–Stokes equation 199Nonequilibrium plasma 2Nonlinear ion sound 329Nonlinear plasma phenomena 325Non-neutral plasma 19, 20, 28Normal distribution 36Novak rule 351Nucleation involving metal-containing

molecules 406

oOhm’s law 155, 262Optical thickness 173Optohalvanic method 457Oscillation damping 316Oscillation frequency 320Ostwald ripening 402Ozone decomposition 301Ozone stratospheric 416

pParametric instability 332, 334Partial wave method 65Pauli principle 44, 45Penning process 103Phase velocity 305Phase space 26Photoattachment 448Photodetachment cross section 182Photodissociation 112Photoionization 117Photon flux 173, 191Photorecombination 112, 150Photoresonant plasma 7, 8Photosphere of Sun 2Pinch effect 277Planck distribution 30, 114Planck radiation formula 30Plasma chemistry 454

Plasma crystal 391Plasma display 450Plasma engines 451Plasma frequency 13, 307Plasma hardening 454Plasma in industry 495Plasma in medicine 453Plasma instabilities 316Plasma parameter 9Plasma oscillations 304Plasma sheath 19, 256Polarizability 62Polarization capture process 63Polarization cross section 63Positive column 256Pressure of gas 198Pressure tensor 196, 199Principle of detailed balance 78, 117Propagation of resonant radiation 175, 191Prominences 449

qQuantum plasma 44Quasineutral plasma 19Quasistatic broadening of spectral lines 124Quenching cross section 78Quenching rate constant by electron impact

80

rRadiation belts of Earth 274, 448Radiation transfer 168Radiative flux 30, 180Radio mirror of atmosphere 418Ramsauer effect 66Rate constant 77Rate constant of elastic collision 93Rate constant of atom excitation 159Rate constant of atom ionization 166Rayleigh-Jeans formula 30Rayleigh number 284Rayleigh problem 285Rayleigh-Taylor instability 289Reabsorption of radiation 127, 175Recombination of positive and negative ions

258Reconnection of magnetic lines of force 277,

449Recurrent stroke 429Resonant charge exchange 70Resonant charge exchange cross section 71Resonant collision processes 97Resonantly excited states 100Resonant photon 126

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Index 473

Resonant radiation 129Reynolds number 290Richardson parameter 33Richardson-Dushmen formula 33Rotational transitions 203Rother condition 349Rutherford formula 69

sSaha distribution 28Saturn rings 359, 449Sausage instability 324Scattering amplitude 65Scattering angle 68Scattering length 68Scattering phase 65Schottky model 256Schumann-Runge continuum 421Secondary electron emission 8Self-reversal of spectral lines 178Self-consistent field 362Self-sustaining gas discharge 168Sena effect 230Sheath of plasma 19, 256Single-photon processes 112Skin-effect 317Slow atomic collisions 96Smoluchowski equation 402Smoluchowski formula 363Solar corona 423, 448Solar flares 449Solar photosphere 181Solar radiation 184Solar wind 359Solitary ion-acoustic wave 330Soliton 327, 331Sound velocity 303Spectral radiation density 30Spicules 449Spin exchange 110Spitzer formula 156Spontaneous radiation 112Stability condition for a gas 283Statistical weight 25Stefan–Boltzmann constant 31Stefan–Boltzmann formula 31Stepwise ionization 163Stimulated radiation 114Stimulated radiation cross section 127Stokes formula 213Stratified plasma structure 348Stratosphere 416Streamer 7, 429

Striations 347, 392Strongly coupled plasma 39, 41, 42Sun’s chromosphere 12Sun’s core 448Sun’s photosphere 448

tTau-approximation 134, 200, 261Temperature 24Taylor vortices 289Terrestrial plasma 447Thermal capacity 211Thermal conductivity coefficient 203, 204,

209–211, 214Thermal diffusivity coefficient 211Thermal explosion 291Thermal instability 291–295, 336Thermal wave 293Thermal wave of ozone decomposition 301Thermodiffusion coefficient 225Thermodynamic equilibrium 246Thermoemission converter 452Thermoemission of electrons 33Thomson formula 81Thomson model of atom ionization 81Thomson theory for three body processes

84, 99Three body processes 84Three body rate constant 84Three body recombination of electrons and

ions 84Three-halves power law 20Thunder 430Total cross section 63, 125Townsend energetic coefficient 227Transitions between ion sorts 241Transfer of excitation 110Transport coefficients 204Transverse diffusion coefficient 219Trapped ions 359Treanor distribution 35Troposphere 415Tsendin staircase 353Turbulence development 290Turbulent gas flow 290

uUnstable plasma state 319

vVibrational distribution 26Velocity distribution function 124Vibrational excitation 94Vibrational relaxation 293

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474 Index

Vibrational-relaxation thermal wave 299Vibrational-rotational molecule state 26Vibrational temperature 35Viscosity coefficient 199, 200, 205, 212Viscosity cross section 58

wWave damping 316Wave dispersion 325Wave number 309Wave packet 325Whistlers 314

Width of autodetaching level 67Width of autoionizing level 88Width of spectral line 123Wien formula 30Wigner crystal 46Wigner-Seitz radius 61Wing of spectral line 155Work function 31, 370, 452

zZeldovich approximation 291Zeldovich formula 297–299

boris m. smirnov: fundamentals of ionized gases — 2011/9/2

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