The Boron Family(Group 13)

BoronProduces a green flame Shiny and black in appearance Melting point: 2300 CelsiusBoiling point: 2550 CelsiusBoron occurs sparsely throughout the world

AluminumSoft textureLightweight and silver colorMelting Point: 660.5 CelsiusBoiling Point: 2467 Celsius3rd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust

GalliumSoft as leadSilver in colorMelting Point: 29.8 CelsiusBoiling Point: 2403 CelsiusCan stimulate metabolism

IndiumRare metalAbundance similar to silverMelting Point: 156.2 CelsiusBoiling Point: 2080 CelsiusCan also stimulate metabolism

ThalliumResembles leadMelting Point: 303.6 CelsiusBoiling Point: 1457 CelsiusVery toxic

ChemicalAll the elements have an oxidation state of

+3 or +1 All elements in the Boron group except Boron

itself are soft in textureThey all have 3 electrons in valence shellsThey are reactive at moderate temperatures

except Boron which is reactive at higher temperatures

The Boron family has both metals and non-metals

Chemical ReactionsAll elements is Group 13 react to oxygen The oxides of the metals in Group 13 are

basicThe oxides of the nonmetals in Group 13 are

acidicBoron and Thallium react with halogens such

as fluorine, chlorine, and bromineAluminum reacts with the halogens chlorine,

iodine, and bromine Gallium and Indium are not highly reactive

with halogens