bors 2014 water temperature and implications for … temperature in melbourne and implications for...
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Water Temperature in Melbourne and Implications for Household Energy Use Project: Water-Energy-Carbon Links in Households and
Cities: A New Paradigm Julijana Bors and Steven Kenway The University of Queensland Water-Energy-Carbon Group 17 March 2014
Water TeWater-En
Docu Date 22/07/20110/10/201
9/12/2013
15/01/201
This docAustraliatemperattemperatpurposes
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ument C
Revisio13 Draft 13 Draft
3 Draft
14 Final
cument has ban Researchture at fiveture distributs.
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
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emperature in nergy-Carbon
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ture of colduently, someis predictabl
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ally, this rep
What is the individual hoWhat are thsystem with t
emperature dutilities. Samd temperature
lds. Data frold locations ture (RAW) Yarra Valleyture (ONLINfrom weathe
emperature dverall, suburn) could be gthe water temrapid genera
ethods were lbourne housal data for (ind (b) estima
ults are that:
There appearMoving out to the effectand/or a larg
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
on several This work is
rt Water Funresidential w
y in househotemperature ated greenhthat 5-20 kW
liminary send water (a cewhere betwly influenced
sation of colowledge of ent of waterS 4234:2008
port seeks to a
most suitablouseholds fo
he implicatiothe intention
data was colmples are und
e is represenom Yarra Va
and frequenrecords, co
y Water’s dNE) data for er stations th
data, togetherb based, angenerated. Amperature mation of mont
used to charseholds. Thei) the entire ating cold wa
rs to be a zonfrom this zos of the influ
ge overall spa
nd Implication3/2014
datasets to s being undend and the Awater and ene
olds in Austrin the dist
ouse gas emWh/hh.d (15-nsitivity analhange of ab
ween 2% andd by water tem
ld water temwater tempe
r quality in t.
answer two k
le method (ar the period
ons for charan of improvin
llected fromderstood to bntative of walley Water wncy of water
ollected overdistribution three locatio
hat recorded
r with related time based
A time-seriesmeasurements
thly tempera
racterise the e methods inregion, (ii) i
ater temperat
ne of warmene shows a guence of indatial pattern s
ns for Househ
estimate wertaken as a cAustralian Rergy use, rela
ralia contributribution netmissions. Pr-40% of totalysis in the hbout 2°C), cd 20% of wmperature.
mperature is erature is athe water ne
key question
and dataset) 1 April 2012acterising “
ng regional e
m Yarra Vallbe collected
water in the mwas used mor temperaturr a 19 year region, wer
ons (Augustair temperatu
ed infrastructd heat maps s of the comps for each loature profiles
mean cold wncluded (a) dindividual suture from air
er water geoggeneral coolidividual pipesuch as urba
hold Energy U
water tempercomponent oesearch Couated costs an
utes to approtwork can sreliminary mal household households scan influencwater-related
an importanlso importanetwork, and
ns:
to character2 to 31 Marc
“temperatureestimates of w
ley Water, Cd after flushimains line oore substantire record cotime frame re provided 2012 – Juneure values an
ture data waand associa
plete datasetocation as an.
water tempederiving theuburbs, (iii) temperature
graphically cing of water e systems (i.en developme
Use
ratures in thof a collaborauncil, aimed d greenhouse
oximately 4%ignificantly
modelling ofenergy use) shows that ae 0.3-1.1 kW
d energy use
nt variable fnt for a ranefficiency a
rise water temch 2013? and
zones” of twater-related
City West Wing adequateoutside the pally for this
ollection. Ov(1994-2013)along with
e 2013). Air tnd were clos
as used to crated statistics
was createdn x-y coordi
rature and stwater tempethe nearest /
e data.
entred over itemperaturee. water froment.
he Melbournative researcat understane gas emissio
% of nationalinfluence h
f five houseis influenceda 10% changWh/hh.d enee, in the ho
for estimatinnge of otheranalysis of h
mperature ad the Melbourd energy?
Water and Soe water suchproperty boustudy due to
ver 42,900 ra) from 961
h daily onlintemperature est to the stu
reate a databs (mean and d in ArcGIS inate data la
tandard devierature estim/ most upstr
inner city Me. This is posm particular
ii
ne water ch project nding the ons.
l primary household eholds in d in some ge in the ergy use. ouseholds
ng water-r reasons hot water
at specific
rne water
outh East h that the undary of o the five aw water locations ne water data was
udy area.
base from standard v10.1 by
ayer. This
iation for mate from ream data
elbourne. ssibly due
systems)
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Iii
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T
is
Regardindeviationhousehopostcodedistribut
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Althoughmonthly4234:200The AS/the enervalues mmaps.
In order the analyinvestigaimprove influencesystem.
Because necessarand indurelated ephysical network
emperature in nergy-Carbon
Online waterbasis whilst considered tdepth of cov
In certain caindicates thainvestigation
Measured wvalues presencalculating tone sample through the s
There is pos1994 and 20influence of system (e.g.
ng Questionn” from the slds simulatee area. For extion zones (ra
ng Questionture maps. Fsample colle(e.g. air tempential regionty in cold walated energy
h not a specy average col08, indicates/NZS 4234:2rgy efficiencmay indicate
to improve rysis. This coation of long rigour. Stae of samplin
water tempry to manageustrial water-energy. The and biologi.
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
r temperaturothers exhib
to include flver.
ases, water tat this influens are warran
water temperanted in AS/Nthe energy cosite ranged
study period
ssibly a sligh012. Further
f sampling prdrawing wat
n 1, we consuburb scale
ed. In some sxample, Verather than su
n 2 there aor example,
ection methoperature). Th
nal and localater tempera
y.
cific focus old water temps that further2008 broadlycy of hot wae support for
results, it couould includegitudinal tre
atistical analyng program
perature can e these effec-related enerwork has wical processe
nd Implication3/2014
re data indicabited minimalow volumes
temperature ence is relatnted to determ
ature values NZS 4234:20onsumption up to 5°C
.
ht overall inr analysis is rogram desigter from diffe
nclude that, RAW datase
suburbs, lowrmont could buburbs) may b
are wide anthis may inv
odology, wathe accuracy l influences.
ature could pr
of this studyperature resur investment
y classifies thater systemsr further dev
uld be of adde improved rends throughysis of the design, sam
have a signits. It is also
rgy usage whider potentias in the wate
ns for Househ
ated that indal (< 0.5 °C)s, pumping r
varied as mtively consismine factors
are not in g008, Climateof heated wwarmer than
ncrease in th needed to
gn, (e.g. locaferent reservo
of the metet, is the mo
w sample numbe aggregatebe an improv
nd complex volve teasingter “system”of such map Further starovide insigh
, the appareults in this stts in cold wahe Australians in Melbourvelopment o
ditional valureferencing o
h the pipe sydata is also
mple collectin
ificant impalikely of hig
hich is roughal value due er network, a
hold Energy U
dividual pipe) variation eregimes, pre
much as 8°Cstent in that of influence
good agreeme Zone 4 whiater applicatn the Stand
he raw waterconfirm if t
ation, time ofoirs or tempe
thods adoptest appropriatmbers shouled with Vermvement to co
consideratiog apart potent” (including ps would be
atistical invesht of high rel
nt lack of atudy and theater temperan climate intrne. Lack off cold water
ue to consideof the sampystem. Furth
o warranted ng, meteorol
ct on househgh relevancehly of equal to temperatu
and wastewa
Use
es varied by ach day. Fac
esence of ba
C within 3kmit persists th.
ment with coch provides
tions in Melbard and ave
temperaturethis trend is f collection), erature zones
ed, “suburb te data, to repd be aggrega
mont South. Monsider for fu
ons to genetial influencemanagement important tstigation of levance to th
greement bee values presature mappino four climaf agreement r temperature
r sourcing fule locations
her online min order to ogy and/or c
hold energy e to understasignificance
ure effects oter temperatu
up to 5°C octors of influalancing stor
m. Temporalhrough time
old water temthe industrybourne. For eraged 2.5°C
e recordingsreal along
changes in s) or other fa
mean and present the in
gated within Maps based
uture analysi
erate regiones of sample
nt) and envirto adjust for spatial and
he study of h
etween the lsented in the ng may be bate zones andt with the Sre distributio
urther data toto pipe syst
monitoring codetect any
changes to t
usage, knowanding of come to residention hot water ures within t
iii
on a daily uence are rages and
l analysis e. Further
mperature basis for example,
C warmer
between with any the water ctors.
standard ndividual the same on water
s.
nal water e program onmental seasonal temporal
household
ong term AS/NZS eneficial. d informs tandards’
on zoning
o develop tems and ould also potential
the water
wledge is mmercial ial water-systems,
the sewer
Water TeWater-En
Ackn
Y
C
W
emperature in nergy-Carbon
nowledg
Smart Water
Jessi
Yarra Valley
Fran
Rita
Asok
Char
Mich
South East W
Sam
Rose
City West W
John
Water-Energ
Prof
Ama
Dr A
School of Ch
Nata
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
gements
r Fund:
ica Yeung, P
y Water:
ncis Pammin
Narangala, M
ka Jayaratne
rles Moscato
hael Dunlevi
Water:
m Johnson, Gr
e Perrott
Water:
n Fawcett, M
gy-Carbon R
f Paul Lant, D
anda Binks, R
Adam Grace,
hemical Eng
asha Rudkins
nd Implication3/2014
s
Project Coord
ger, Manage
Manager, Qu
, Water Qua
o, Manager, G
ie, GIS Spec
reenhouse an
Manager, Busi
Research Grou
Director
Research En
, Data Analy
ineering:
s, Human Re
ns for Househ
dinator
er, Research &
uality Team
ality Specialis
GIS
cialist
nd Energy Sp
iness Resour
up:
ngineer
yst
esources Offi
hold Energy U
& Innovation
st
pecialist
rce Efficienc
ficer
Use
n
cy
iv
Water TeWater-En
TableABSTRA
ACKNO
ABBREV
GLOSSA
1. INT
1.1
1.2
2. DA
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
3. RES
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9.
3.9.
3.10
3.11
4. CO
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
emperature in nergy-Carbon
e of ConACT ..............
OWLEDGEM
VIATIONS ..
ARY ..............
TRODUCTIO
THE IMPORT
ANTICIPATED
TA AND ME
STUDY AREA
AVAILABLE D
WATER TEMP
AIR TEMPER
WATER TEMP
YVW AREA M
SUBURB MEA
NEAREST UP
COLD WATE
ARCGIS TIM
SULTS AND
DAILY VARIA
RAW DATAS
YVW AREA M
SUBURB MEA
NEAREST UP
COLD WATE
FINALISED C
REVIEWING F
VARIABILITY
1 Regional
2 Local Inf
UNCERTAINT
OVERALL TR
ONCLUSION
IMPLICATION
POSSIBLE TR
POTENTIAL W
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
ntents ......................
MENTS ...........
......................
......................
ON .................
TANCE OF COLD
D OUTCOMES O
ETHODOLO
A AND BOUNDA
DATA AND MET
MPERATURE DA
RATURE DATASE
MPERATURE DA
MEAN METHOD
EAN METHODOL
PSTREAM MEAN
ER TEMPERATU
ME SERIES IMAG
D DISCUSSIO
ABILITY IN ONL
SET COMPARIS
MEAN ESTIMAT
EAN ESTIMATES
PSTREAM MEAN
ER TEMPERATU
COLD WATER T
FINAL ESTIMA
Y IN RAW DATA
l Influences ....
fluences .........
TY OF RESULTS
REND IN THE RA
AND RECO
NS FOR AS/NZ
REND IN 19 YEA
WIDER VALUE
nd Implication3/2014
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
D WATER TEM
OF THIS PROJE
OGY ...............
ARY CONDITION
THOD OVERVIE
TASETS ...........
ETS ................
TASET COMPAR
DOLOGY .........
LOGY .............
N METHODOLO
URE ESTIMATE F
GES ................
ON .................
LINE DATASET
ON WITH THE O
TES ................
S .....................
N ESTIMATES ..
URE ESTIMATES
TEMPERATURE
TES AGAINST IN
ASET ...............
......................
......................
S ....................
AW DATASET (
OMMENDAT
ZS 4234:2008 .
AR DATASET ...
OF THE WORK
ns for Househ
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
MPERATURE TO
ECT ................
......................
NS ..................
EW .................
......................
......................
RISON METHOD
......................
......................
OGY ................
FROM AIR TEM
......................
......................
T RECORDS ....
ONLINE DATA
......................
......................
......................
S FROM AIR TEM
E ESTIMATES ...
NDUSTRY STAN
......................
.....................
.....................
......................
(1994-2013) ..
TIONS ...........
......................
......................
K ....................
hold Energy U
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
HOUSEHOLD E
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
ODOLOGY .........
......................
......................
......................
MPERATURE DA
......................
......................
......................
ASET ...............
......................
......................
......................
MPERATURE D
......................
NDARDS ...........
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
Use
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
ENERGY USE ..
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
ATA METHODOL
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
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DATA ...............
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......................
v
............ II
........... IV
........ VIII
........ VIII
............. 1
............. 1
............. 2
............. 3
............. 3
............. 3
............. 6
............. 7
............. 7
............. 8
............. 8
............. 9
........... 10
........... 10
........... 11
........... 11
........... 11
........... 14
........... 14
........... 15
........... 15
........... 16
........... 17
........... 18
........... 18
........... 18
........... 21
........... 22
........... 23
........... 23
........... 24
........... 24
Water TeWater-En
REFERE
APPEND
APPEND
APPEND
APPEND
APPEND
APPEND
List oFIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
SOU
FIGURE 3
WA
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 7
DAT
DIFF
FIGURE 8
TEM
RIN
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
ELT
FIGURE 1
HH
FIGURE 1
TEM
FIGURE 1
FOR
FIGURE 1
FIGURE C
FIGURE C
FIGURE C
FIGURE C
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ENCES .........
DIX A - AI
DIX B – Y
DIX C - LO
DIX D - M
DIX E - N
DIX F – W
of Figur: HH1-HH5 L
: RAW WATER
UTH EAST WA
: MONTHLY T
ATER DURING (
4: YVW ONLIN
: RAW WATE
6: HH1-HH5 A
: (A) AVAILAB
TASET MEASUR
FERENTIATED
: DAILY WATE
MPERATURE FO
NGWOOD (FEB-
: CRAIGIEBUR
0: RINGWOOD
1: SUBURB ME
THAM, HH2 &
2: SUBURB ME
5 ...................
3: YVW AREA
MPERATURE DI
4: YVW AREA
R TEMPERATUR
5: SEASONAL
C - 1: GLEN WA
C - 2: ELTHAM
C - 3: BLACKBU
C - 4: VERMON
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
......................
IR TEMPER
YVW AREA W
ONG TERM
MONTHLY W
EAREST UP
WATER TEM
res LOCATIONS WIT
R TEMPERATUR
TER (2007-20
EMPERATURE
(A) JUNE 2012
NE WATER TEM
R TEMPERATU
AVAILABLE DA
BLE RAW WA
REMENT LOCA
THROUGH PIPE
ER TEMPERATU
OR THE ONLIN
-MAY 2013) ...
RN (FEB-MAY
D (FEB-MAY 2
EAN WATER TE
HH3 .............
EAN WATER TE
......................
A: (A) APRIL 2
ISTRIBUTION...
A: (A) DECEMB
RE TREND INVE
CHANGES FOR
AVERLEY (HH
(HH2 & HH3
URN (HH4): M
NT (HH5): MO
nd Implication3/2014
......................
RATURE DA
WATER TEM
M MONTHLY
WATER TEM
PSTREAM E
MPERATURE
THIN MELBOU
RE DATA POINT
13, 1858 RECO
PROFILE FOR Y
; AND (B) JANU
MPERATURE RE
URE DATA POIN
ATA POINTS FRO
TER TEMPERA
ATIONS UPSTRE
E SIZE ............
URE VARIATIO
NE DATASET R
......................
2013) BOXPLO
013) BOXPLOT
EMPERATURE
......................
EMPERATURE
......................
2012 WATER TE
......................
BER 2012 WAT
ESTIGATION; (
R TWO LOCATI
H1): MONTHLY
3): MONTHLY
MONTHLY TRE
NTHLY TREND
ns for Househ
......................
ATA ...............
MPERATUR
Y AVERAGE
MPERATURE
STIMATES
E ESTIMAT
URNE ..............
TS FROM YAR
ORDS) AND CI
YARRA VALL
UARY 2013 ...
ECORDINGS DE
NTS DEPICTING
ROM THE ONLI
ATURE MEASUR
EAM FROM HH
......................
ON: THE DIFFER
RECORDING SIT
......................
OTS OF MONTH
TS OF MONTHL
APR 2012-MA
......................
APR 2012-MA
......................
EMPERATURE
......................
TER TEMPERAT
(B) FEBRUARY
IONS SEPARAT
Y TRENDS OF A
TRENDS OF AV
ENDS OF AVERA
DS OF AVERAG
hold Energy U
......................
......................
RE STATIST
E WATER TE
E STATISTIC
......................
ES FROM A
......................
RRA VALLEY W
TY WEST WAT
LEY WATER, S
......................
EPICTING DAIL
G SEASONAL C
INE, RAW AN
REMENT LOCA
H1-HH5; (G) Y
......................
RENCE BETWE
TES OF CRAIG
......................
HLY ONLINE
LY ONLINE A
AR 2013 FOR (
......................
AR 2013 FOR (
......................
DISTRIBUTION
......................
TURE DISTRIBU
Y 2013 WATER
TED BY ≈3KM (
AVERAGE WAT
VERAGE WATE
AGE WATER TE
GE WATER TEM
Use
......................
......................
ICS ...............
EMPERATUR
CS ................
......................
AIR TEMPER
......................
WATER (1994-2
TER (1995-20
OUTH EAST W
......................
LY CHANGES (A
HANGES (1994
ND AIR DATAS
ATIONS; (B)-(F)
YVW PIPE NET
......................
EN MINIMUM A
IEBURN, BOX
......................
AND RAW DA
AND RAW DAT
A) GLEN WAV
......................
A) BLACKBUR
......................
N; (B) AUGUST
......................
UTION AND AD
TEMPERATUR
(2006-2012) ..
TER TEMPERAT
ER TEMPERATU
EMPERATURE
MPERATURE (20
......................
......................
......................
URE TRENDS
......................
......................
RATURE DA
......................
-2013, 42976 R
13, 578 RECOR
WATER AND CI
......................
AUG 2012 – JU
4-2013) .........
SETS ..............
) CLOSE-UP OF
TWORK
......................
AND MAXIMUM
HILL SOUTH A
......................
ATA ...............
TA .................
VERLY, HH1; (
......................
RN, HH4; (B) V
......................
T 2012 WATER
......................
DDITIONAL LO
RE DISTRIBUTIO
......................
TURE (2006-20
URE (2006-201
(2006-2012) .
006-2012) .....
vi
........... 25
........... 26
........... 27
S ......... 28
........... 32
........... 35
ATA .... 36
............. 3
RECORDS),
RDS) ...... 4
ITY WEST
............. 5
UN 2013)6
............. 7
............. 8
F RAW
............. 9
M WATER
AND
........... 11
........... 12
........... 13
(B)
........... 14
VERMONT,
........... 14
R
........... 19
CATIONS
ON ...... 20
........... 21
012) .... 28
12) ...... 29
........... 30
........... 31
Water TeWater-En
FIGURE D
ENE
FIGURE F
(HH
FIGURE F
(HH
FIGURE F
TEM
(B) E
(AP
FIGURE F
MET
VS S
FIGURE F
(AP
MEA
List oTABLE 1:
TABLE 2:
YAR
TABLE 3:
TABLE 4:
TABLE 5:
TABLE 6:
TABLE 7:
TABLE 8:
TABLE 9:
TABLE 10
(CL
TABLE 11
TABLE 12
TABLE A
TABLE B
TABLE D
STA
TABLE D
......
TABLE D
......
TABLE D
emperature in nergy-Carbon
D - 1: ZONE 4 C
ERGY CONSUM
F - 1: (A) GLEN
H2 & HH3), 20
F - 2: (A) BLAC
H5), 2006-201
F - 3: (A) GLEN
MPERATURE ES
ELTHAM (HH
PR 2012–MAR
F - 4: (A) GLEN
THOD (APR 20
SUBURB MEAN
F - 5: (A) BLAC
PR 2012–MAR
AN METHOD (A
of Table DESCRIPTION
VARIATIONS
RRA VALLEY W
CRAIGIEBURN
RINGWOOD (F
YVW AREA,
GLEN WAVER
ELTHAM (HH
BLACKBURN
VERMONT (H
0: SUMMARY O
LIMATE ZONE 4
1: YVW AREA
2: SUMMARY O
- 1: WEATHER
- 1: YVW ARE
- 1: GLEN WA
ATISTICS .........
- 2: BLACKBU
......................
- 3: GLEN WA
......................
- 4: BLACKBU
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
COLUMN SHOW
MPTION FROM H
N WAVERLEY (
006-2012 WAT
CKBURN (HH4
2 WATER TEM
N WAVERLEY (
STIMATES FROM
2 & HH3) LEE
2013) ............
N WAVERLEY (
12– MAR 201
N METHOD (AP
CKBURN (HH3
2013); (B) VE
APR 2012–MA
es NS OF DATASET
IN MONTHLY W
WATER, SOUT
N, FEB-MAY 2
FEB-MAY 201
SINGLE DAY A
RLEY (HH1) S
H2 & HH3) SIN
(HH4) SINGLE
HH5) SINGLE D
OF STANDARD
4) ...................
A, WINTER AND
OF TEMPERATU
R STATIONS CL
EA (APR 2012
AVERLEY (HH
......................
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nd Implication3/2014
WS THE AS/NZ
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vii
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R 2013);
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........... 16
........... 16
........... 16
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TABLE F
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TABLE F
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TABLE F
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Abbr BOM CWW GHG HH HH1 HH2 & HHH4 HH5 SEW YVW
Gloss Averageday”. Th
collected
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PR 2012–MAR
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PR 2012–MAR
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PR 2012–MAR
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2–MAR 2013)
reviation
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sary
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through the y
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Day Standarariability. This
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
HH2, APR 2012
HH4, APR 2012
R 2012–MAR 2
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2013) ............
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2013) ............
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dard Deviated as the STD
year.
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nd Implication3/2014
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erature for eas of the wate
Use
f high qualityndividual samgh time. In sen sparsely sa
were also p
al changes (199
Viewbank (08temperature
ent air tempemum, minim
ataset due to e serially co
he HH1-HH5utilised to d
ource of colater temperats through mt.
ontained serwas set by tdataset locattain sufficient (N = 0 for maximum tre graphed data points
ach ONLINEer temperatur
y in terms ofmpling pointsome instancampled.
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994-2013)
86068) and data availab
erature determum and thre
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monthly avera
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temperaturesto communavailable for
E dataset sitere dataset co
7
f duration ts has not ces, some
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Scoresby bility and rmination ee hourly
ted water of water
were only he day-to-mperature
the same ages was
lete daily E dataset ill South, nts for a nd April). for Box
nicate the r analysis e location mparison
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2.6
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2.7 S
The long2012 weEltham (visual inAs a resu‘best’ eswere caland subprocedurthe subu
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emperature in nergy-Carbon
YVW Area
y average wale YVW area single daymperature vaboundary (Yng the single t values. Singst monthly a
Suburb Me
g term monthere calculated(HH2 & HH
nspection, theult, data poinstimate of colculated by aburb. The sire in Section
urb boundary
Figure
nk and Scoresed on their
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
Mean Meth
ater temperatuea during eacy average colalues availab
YVW area). day averagegle day and a
average water
ean Method
hly average d from the R
H3), Blackbue variation onts within thold water temaveraging theingle day avn 2.6 with a y for each sub
6: HH1-HH5 a
esby Researcproximity t
nd Implication3/2014
hodology
ure values wch month of ld water temble within th
An averagee procedure faverage day r temperature
dology
water tempeRAW dataseturn (HH4), aof monthly avhe survey timmperatures foe available daverage and change in thburb of intere
available data
ch Institute wo HH1-HH5
ns for Househ
were calculatethe physical
mperature wahe same teme day cold for a full yeastatistical che values are
eratures for et points (Figuand Vermontverages for e
me period (1 Aor HH1-HH5ata points wiaverage day
he spatial bouest.
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hold Energy U
ed by averagl survey perias calculated
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ar over the yeharacteristicspresented in
each suburb ure 6). The rt (HH5) are each suburb April 2012 t5. Monthly aithin each moy results weundary from
he ONLINE, R
ons were utiland temper
Use
ging the availiod. After th
d by taking tpril 2012 to erature valueears 2006-20s for the YVW
Appendix B
of interest oresults for Gdisplayed inwas consideo 31 March average wateonth over theere calculatethe total YV
RAW and AIR
ised as sourcrature data a
lable data pohe method ofthe average o31 March 2
ue was calcu012 and averW area are in
B.
over the periGlen Waverle
n Appendix ered to be sig2013) were
er temperatue specified tied by followVW area bou
datasets
ces of air temavailability.
8
oints over f Kenway of all the 013) and
ulated by aging the n Section
iod 2006-ey (HH1),
C. Upon gnificant. used as a
ure values imeframe wing the undary to
mperature The AIR
Water TeWater-En
dataset cto represduration for ambprocedurestimateaverage presente
2.8 N
Figure 7measurem
emperature in nergy-Carbon
contains dailysent the dail
n of the dailybient, minimres for cold ws for each sday estimat
d in Section
Nearest Up
: (a) Availabment locations
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
y values of ely average a
y minimum amum and mawater tempersuburb of intes for cold 3.7.
pstream Me
ble RAW watupstream from
nd Implication3/2014
eight, three hambient air tand maximumaximum air rature. Resulnterest are p
water and
an Methodo
ter temperatum HH1-HH5; (
ns for Househ
hourly data ptemperature m air temper
temperaturelts displayingpresented an
air tempera
dology
ure measurem(g) YVW pipe
hold Energy U
points. Thesewhich would
rature. The sies were calg the monthl
nd discussed atures for su
ment locationsnetwork differ
Use
e readings wed also encomingle day anlculated by ly average co
in Section uburbs conta
s; (b)-(f) Closrentiated throu
were averagedmpass the ex
nd average dafollowing t
old water tem3.4. Single
aining HH1-
se-up of RAWugh pipe size
9
d in order xtent and ay results the same mperature
day and -HH5 are
W dataset
Water TeWater-En
Recordeused to ecompletefor eachYVW bulocationsCoordina1984 we
A close-suitable upstreamdue to ttemperatdiscussio
2.9
The air-outlined
Equatio
The modsurvey tAppendiapplicatitemperat
2.10 A
A time smonth titemperatusing theApril 20the coldvariation
Additionwere selinfrastruwithin acold watwarmest
emperature in nergy-Carbon
d water tempestimate avee RAW data
h of the 961 usiness bouns, a data framate System:
ere applied (E
-up of HH1-Hupstream l
m locations (Lthe limited ture estimateon of results
Cold Water
-water relatioin Equation
on 1:
= me
= an= me
del was constime period ix F presentsion of Lee’s tures compar
ArcGIS Tim
series of the ime step intture profilese Natural Br
012, August 2d water tempn within a sin
nally, a clustlected to id
ucture grid. Ta reasonably ter temperatut and coolest
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
perature mearage monthly
aset was crearecording lo
ndary layer, tme timestamWGS 1984
ESRI, 2012).
HH5 and a pocations exiL1 & L2) wenumber of
es from thein Section 3
r Temperatu
onship was 1:
ean water ma
nnual mean aean air temp
structed with(01/04/2012
s the cold wmodel alongred to suburb
me Series Im
complete RAterval for a s. The cold reaks (Jenks)2012, Decemperature distngle month. T
ter of locatioentify the p
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ure recordintemperature
nd Implication3/2014
asurements fy cold waterated in ArcGocations as athe major an
mp and a ‘WUTM Zone
.
preliminary eistent withinere used to emeasuremennearest ups
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ure Estimat
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ains tempera
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AW dataset wone month twater tempe
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ns (highlightpossible presn was based oof land (≈12gs (for two
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from pipes dr temperature
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estimate of pn the RAWestimate the cnts per recostream mean
te from Air
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verage air tem2013) from ature estimats of model p
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ted in the Desence of repon the distin2km2) withinlocations wiesented and
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r Temperatu
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th m
ceding month
mperature daweather stattes for HH1-arameters. T
verage water
in ArcGIS vw which waibution rangESRI, 2012).2013 were chof the temp
presented and
ecember 201peating tempnguishable van a single mithin the cludiscussed in
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eam of eache of the spatwater tempeAdditional fpe infrastruc
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pear upstreamMeasurementsemperature fion (Figure re found in
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10.1 and tims used to di
ge was organ. RAW datashosen to reprerature spec
d discussed in
12 time serieperature trenariation of temonth. A grapster) that resSection 0.
h household wtial distributierature measfeatures inclucture layer, h2013). The P
te System GC
m were useds from at lfor each of H
7). The coAppendix E
Methodology
d in Lee (1
nding to thet to each hobs, resulting
m monthly av have been in
me enabled wisplay monthnised into 1set subsets oresent the vactrum as wen Section 3.9
es image, Secnds within temperature reph demonstrspectively ex
10
were also ion of the urements uded: the
household Projected CS WGS
d to select least two
HH1-HH5 old water E with a
y
987) and
e physical ousehold. from the
verage air ncluded.
with a one hly water 5 classes f data for
ariation in ell as the 9.
ction 3.9) the water ecordings rating the xhibit the
Water TeWater-En
3. RSectionsthe four that willSectionstemperat
3.1 D
The dailyRingwoo
Figure 8: the ONLI
The highfollowedwas recotemperatindicateswere therequire p
3.2 R
BoxplotsRingwoowere crethe RAWONLINEreasonab
emperature in nergy-Carbon
Resultss 3.3-3.7 addmethods use
l be used ass 3.8-3.9 adture variabili
Daily Varia
y difference od from the O
Daily water teINE dataset rec
hest variatiod by Box Hilorded from ture for this s this subset e same valuephysical desc
RAW Datas
s of the ONLod (Figure 1eated to enabW dataset wE dataset. Thble source of
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
and Didress Questioed to estimats input para
ddress Questity within a s
ability in ON
in maximumONLINE dat
emperature vacording sites o
on in the difll South thena tank and ilocation. Thof data conta. Further anacriptions of a
set Compar
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was representhe outcome of data for der
nd Implication3/2014
iscussioon 1 of this rte cold watermeters into tion 2 of thsection of the
NLINE Da
m and minimtaset is prese
ariation: the diof Craigieburn,
fference betwn Ringwood is most likelhe graph alsoains daily daalysis into thall three ONL
rison with th
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son of both dtative of theof the resultsiving monthl
ns for Househ
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his report we Melbourne
ataset Recor
mum water temented in Figu
ifference betw, Box Hill Sout
ween daily for the ONLly the reasoo shows mis
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the ONLINE
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hold Energy U
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eans of water
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rovide resultsthe final estisented in Kmplications ibution netw
t Craigieburn
and maximumood (Feb-May 2
d minima oct. It is knowne is such litt
for the Ringimum and mure variation
ata for Craigaracteristics n assisted in erature varia
g whether ther temperature
s and a discutimates for H
Kenway et alof reticulat
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n, Box Hill S
m water tempe2013)
ccurs in Cran that Ringwtle variation gwood datas
minimum temn between sit
gieburn (Figu(Table 3 & ascertaining
ability presee RAW datare.
11
ussion on HH1-HH5 l. (2013). ed water ussed.
South and
erature for
aigieburn, wood data
in water set which
mperatures tes would
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Table 3: CCRAIGI
MONTH
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
The midconsiderin the samedian oONLINERAW danumber The diffCraigiebmonthlywould pr
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emperature in nergy-Carbon
Figure
Craigieburn, FIEBURN
H
ddle 50% (25rable overlapame range aof 0.8°C lowE dataset areataset are moof data pointference in mburn range fry average corovide reason
W suburb mE values whs the ONLINperature as tod datasets y and Marchdue to the lad deviations f
use of multi
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
9: Craigiebur
Feb-May 2013 sON
Mean
21.4°C
21.6°C
19.0°C
16.0°C
5th-75th percep (Figure 9). as the ONLIwer than corre relatively sore variable ts in each mo
monthly averrom -0.9°C told water temnable results
mean for Febrhereas the RANE data may the RAW mduring Apri
h. The standarger numberfor the RAWiple recordin
nd Implication3/2014
n (Feb-May 20
statistical charNLINE DATA
Median
21.3°C
21.4°C
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16.0°C
entile rage) The exceptioNE datasets
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able due to thdata for Mar
Use
NLINE and RA
RAW data RAW D
n Median
C 20.5°C
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Table 4: RRINGWOMONTHFEB MAR APR MAY The ONFebruarywater teRAW daand relyenvironm
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ant for the .day energy E measuremepes thereforeis expected ture estimati
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Ringwood (FebOOD
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NLINE datasy-May 2013 emperature eataset. Howeying on thisment that ext
ring the variE dataset (Fburn ONLINEW dataset to e
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
hich have a W and ONLIoverall projuse (Kenw
ents were take the signifiand cannot bon.
e 10: Ringwood
b-May 2013) stON
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iation betweeFigure 8), asE and RAWestimate subu
nd Implication3/2014
larger spreadINE datasets ject applicat
way et al., 2ken from a taicant differenbe used to ve
d (Feb-May 20
tatistical charaNLINE DATAMedian 17.9°C 18.9°C 17.9°C 15.0°C
a serially coies robustne
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en the daily s well as th
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acteristics of OASET SD N0.3 280.2 310.6 301.0 31
omplete subess and initiainto account
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of monthly ONL
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bset of dailyally indicatest the intermialues for onlyerature value
nd maximumcant differen9, Table 3),
r temperature
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e in monthlyom -0.6°C toof ≈2°C calso worth nod RAW mease temperaturee RAW datas
LINE and RAW
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n MedianC 22.5°CC 20.6°CC 17.0°CC 14.4°C
y water temps a more reliittent measuy one addreses assumes
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perature valuiable dataset
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13
mperature ch can be e 0.3-0.7
Ringwood were taken
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N 4 3 2 3
ues from t for cold es for the er suburb ous built
aigieburn ween the ble to use
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3.3
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Table 5: Y
TemperaCold Wa
3.4 S
Monthlyanalysedresults fostatistica
Figure 11
Figure 12
emperature in nergy-Carbon
YVW Area
presents thes a basis for scale subsets input data fo
sentative of l
YVW area, sin
YVW COL
ature Variablater (RAW)
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y average Rd. Results forfor Blackburnal characteris
: Suburb mean
: Suburb mean
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
Mean Estim
e statistical ccomparing of data. The
or the MMFocalised env
ngle day and av
LD WATERSINGL
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ean Estimat
RAW water r Glen Waven (HH4) andstics are inclu
n water tempe
n water tempe
nd Implication3/2014
mates
characteristictemperature
e monthly avA model du
vironmental i
verage day esti
R DISTRIBUE DAY (APR
MedianC 15.2°C
tes
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rature Apr 20
rature Apr 20
ns for Househ
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verage water ue to the sizeinfluences on
imates
UTION STAR 2012- MARn SD
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12-Mar 2013 f
12-Mar 2013 f
hold Energy U
mplete RAWrom the whotemperature
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ATISTICALR 2013)
N M229 16.
ard deviatio(HH2 & HHesented in Fible D - 1, Ta
for (a) Glen W
for (a) Blackbu
Use
W dataset forole dataset we values (Appial boundary
ution network
CHARACTAVERAGE
ean Med.6°C 16.5
n for all fiH3) are presen
gure 12 whiable D - 2).
averly, HH1; (
urn, HH4; (b) V
r the YVW with data poipendix B) w
y which is cok.
TERISTICSDAY (2006-2
dian SD 5°C 0.5
ive househonted in Figurilst water tem
(b) Eltham, HH
Vermont, HH5
14
area and ints from
will not be onsidered
S 2012)
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mperature
H2 & HH3
5
Water TeWater-En
The monNovembThe monSeptembmonthly3.0 (N =Figure 1temperatDecembsubset ofpostcode
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3.5 N
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3.6
Figure Faverage ambient temperat3 (Appenthe applifor HH1F - 1 to temperatwhere it both setestimatefollows:
emperature in nergy-Carbon
nthly standaber) to 2.3 (Nnthly standarber) to 2.4 (Ny standard de= 3, February12 (b)) has ature. The mer). The numf data and it es be used fo
mary, there ed to the coored reasonabFigure 6). Su
households s. The suburture at HH1-
Nearest Up
ature recordsy average wa
ld (HH1-HHinfrastructu
hod are founof data poin5 even with s were not ad
away fromes on the co water tempt into the MM
Cold Water
F - 1 and Figtemperatureair and reti
ture averagesndix F.3) preication of the-HH5 and thTable F - 4
ture estimateextends unt
ts of resultss. The maxiGlen Wave
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
ard deviationN = 11, Februrd deviation
N = 8, Februaeviation for By) and the na visually sig
monthly standmber of recois recomme
or future anal
is a slight iler months fle due to theuch a range ostudied in therb mean me-HH5 for inp
pstream Me
s from locatater temperatH5) with seleure network nd in Appendnts per record
the selectiodded to each
m each housld water tem
perature. In cMFA Model
r Temperatu
gure F - 2 (Aes of the subculated wates follow the esents the coe algorithm phe correspon4, Appendix es during Aptil October. Ts where Leeimum differeerley (HH1)
nd Implication3/2014
n for Glen Wuary) whilst for Eltham
ary) and the Blackburn (H
number of regnificant devdard deviatioorded measunded, wherelysis e.g. agg
increase in for all four sue sample sizeof temperatue order of 1-ethod is the
put into the M
an Estimate
tions considetures. An im
ected recordincan be seen dix E. The mding location
on of 2-3 rech subset of daehold result
mperature theconclusion, iare derived f
ure Estimat
Appendix F.1burb mean mer temperatusame curve
old water tempresented in ding suburb F.3) demon
pril-August fThe warmer e Model estience in wate19.6%; Elth
ns for Househ
Waverly (HHthe number (HH2 & HHnumber of reHH4, Figurecorded measviation durinon ranges frurements ranever reasonabgregate Verm
standard devuburbs howee (1 < N < 1
ure however, -3 kWh/hh.derefore cons
MMFA Mode
tes
ered upstreamage of avaing locations in Figure 7
main disadvan which resucorded waterata for HH1-ting in an ierefore an init is recommfrom the sub
tes from Ai
1) present a cmethod to thures can be sas long term
mperature esLee (1987).mean metho
nstrated a strfor each submonths how
imates geneer temperatuam (HH2 &
hold Energy U
H1, Figure 1of recorded
H3) (Figure ecorded mea
e 12 (a)) rangsurements rang February rom 0.4 (N nges from 2-ble, that an a
mont and Ver
viation durinever, all stand15) and use could be inf
d energy use,sidered suitael
am of each hlable record(L1-L3 whe. The cold w
antage of utilulted in an inr temperatur-HH5 as theyincrease in tncreased uncemended that cburb mean me
ir Temperat
comparison bhe AIR datasseen. It is w
m ambient airtimates for H. A comparisod estimatesrong relationburb of interewever, presenerally presenure estimates
& HH3) 18.7%
Use
11 (a)) rangmeasuremen11 (b)) rang
asurements rages from 0.4anges from 2
where there= 3, Septem
-4 for Vermoaggregate of rmont South.
ng some of dard deviatioof multiple lfluencing hou, based on prable for esti
household wing locationsere available)water temperlising this apncomplete dare locations. y were deemthe variabiliertainty of ucold water teethod.
ture Data
between the set where a
worth noting r temperatureHH1-HH5 suson between (Figure F - 4
nship betweeest with the nt a significant lower cols between th%; Blackbur
ges from 0.8nts ranges frges from 0.3anges from 44 (N = 3, Oc2-14. Vermoe is a suddenmber) to 2.5
mont which issuburb data .
f the warmerons are ≤ 3.0locations wiusehold watereliminary s
timating me
were used to s, a close-up), and an overature estimapproach is thdataset for HH
Additional med to be a si
ity of envirusing this apptemperature
longer termrelationship that long te
e averages. Fuburbs resultLee Model
4, Figure F -en both sets exception o
ant variationld water temhe two methrn (HH4) 25
15
(N = 4, rom 3-11. 3 (N = 4, 4-12. The ctober) to ont (HH5, n drop in (N = 3, s a small based on
r months 0 which is thin each er-related ensitivity an water
estimate p of each erview of ates from he limited H1, HH3 upstream ignificant onmental proach to estimates
m monthly between
rm water Figure F - ting from estimates - 5, Table of water
of Eltham n between mperature hods is as
.6%; and
Water TeWater-En
Vermontinput int
3.7 F
Four postemperatthe subu
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I
Ls
RAW anwater anTable 7)
Table 6:
TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 7: E
TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 8: B
TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 9: V
TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum
emperature in nergy-Carbon
t (HH5) 22.8to the MMFA
Finalised C
ssible methoture and stan
urb mean as t
It was deemwhich most l
It contained
Lee Model suburb mean
nd AIR datand ambient a, Blackburn
Glen Waverley
GLE
ature Variablater (RAW) t Air (AIR) m Air (AIR) m Air (AIR)
Eltham (HH2 &
ELT
ature Variablater (RAW) t Air (AIR) m Air (AIR) m Air (AIR)
Blackburn (HH
BL
ature Variablater (RAW) t Air (AIR) m Air (AIR) m Air (AIR)
Vermont (HH5
V
ature Variablater (RAW) t Air (AIR) m Air (AIR) m Air (AIR)
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
8%. In concA Model are
Cold Water
ods (Sectionsndard deviatithe most appr
med to reprelikely would
a more robu
results presen method dur
asets for eachair temperatu(HH4, Table
y (HH1) single
EN WAVERLSINGL
le Mean 16.5°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C
& HH3) single
THAM (HHSINGL
le Mean 16.3°C15.1°C10.1°C21.2°C
H4) single day
LACKBURSINGL
le Mean 15.6°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C
5) single day an
VERMONTSINGL
le Mean 16.9°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C
nd Implication3/2014
clusion, it isderived from
Temperatu
s 3.3 to 3.6)on at the fiveropriate meth
sent localised not be repre
st dataset tha
ented signifiring the warm
h suburb weure results foe 8) and Verm
e day and aver
LEY (HH1)E DAY (APR
MedianC 16.4°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C
day and avera
H2 & HH3) SE DAY (APR
MedianC 15.6°CC 14.0°CC 9.6°CC 19.9°C
and average d
RN (HH4) STE DAY (APR
MedianC 14.3°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C
nd average day
T (HH5) STAE DAY (APR
MedianC 17.1°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C
ns for Househ
s recommendm the suburb
ure Estimate
) were conside household hod. This me
ed environmesented throu
an the datase
icantly lowemer months o
ere used to eor Glen Wavmont (HH5,
age day estima
) STATISTIR 2012- MARn SD
4.1 5.2 4.5 7.1
age day estima
STATISTICR 2012- MARn SD
3.7 5.3 4.5 7.2
day estimates
TATISTICAR 2012- MARn SD
4.4 5.2 4.5 7.1
y estimates
ATISTICALR 2012- MARn SD
3.7 5.2 4.5 7.1
hold Energy U
ded that coldmean metho
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ethod was ch
mental influenugh the YVW
et used for th
er cold waterof the survey
estimate the verley (HH1,
Table 9).
ates ICAL CHARR 2013)
N M84 16.365 14.365 9.6365 20.
ates
CAL CHARAR 2013)
N M106 16.365 14.365 9.9365 20.
AL CHARACR 2013)
N M52 17.365 14.365 9.6365 20.
L CHARACR 2013)
N M37 16.365 14.365 9.6365 20.
Use
d water tempod.
haracterising and concludehosen for the
nces on the W area mean
e nearest ups
r temperatury period.
single day aTable 6), E
RACTERISAVERAGE
ean Med.7°C 16.9.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1
ACTERISTAVERAGE
ean Med.4°C 16.3.9°C 14.89°C 10.0.9°C 20.7
CTERISTICAVERAGE
ean Med.3°C 16.9.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1
TERISTICSAVERAGE
ean Med.7°C 16.4.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1
perature estim
the mean coed in the utilie following re
distributionmethod;
stream mean
re estimates
and average Eltham (HH2
STICS DAY (2006-2
dian SD 9°C 0.9 5°C 0.3 °C 0.4
1°C 0.4
TICS DAY (2006-2
dian SD 3°C 0.2 8°C 0.4 0°C 0.4 7°C 0.5
CS DAY (2006-2
dian SD 9°C 1.0 5°C 0.3 °C 0.4
1°C 0.4
S DAY (2006-2
dian SD 4°C 0.8 5°C 0.3 °C 0.4
1°C 0.4
16
mates for
old water isation of easons:
network
n method;
than the
day cold 2 & HH3,
2012) N 7 7 7 7
2012) N 7 7 7 7
2012) N 7 7 7 7
2012) N 7 7 7 7
Water TeWater-En
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3.8 R
The aveResidentrespectivHH5 whaveragesavailabil(2006-20
Table 10:
Month
April May June July August SeptembOctober NovembeDecembeJanuary FebruaryMarch Annual *Apr-Dec
The long(Table DAS/NZSZone valD - 1, prheated wbroadly
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndard deviatair, minimu
ture is the lond air (i.e. itures will be
day water tem16.9°C whilse day water 17.3°C whilsaverage day
he suburb merror for averaethod. This of ≈2°C canfference in canalysis on w
Reviewing F
rage day vatial Sector 1vely. These vhich ranges fs. The slight lity which lim012) and doe
Summary of sAS/N
Zo(
ber
er er
y
1are for 2012 an
g term monthD - 3, Table DS 4234:2008,lues in the Strovides the inwater applicclassifies the
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
tion for eachum air then cower than ait takes morused as the u
mperature est the singletemperature
st the averagy values deriean. There wage day valucould be con
n influence 0cold water tewater-related
Final Estim
alues for mo986-2020’, avalues are slfrom 14.5°Cdifference i
mited the proes not accoun
standard cold wNZS 4234
one 4 (°C)
M
15 11 9 8
10 12 15 17 19 20 20 18
14.5 nd Jan-Mar for
hly average wD - 4), are no, Climate Zotandard, withndustry basis
cations in Me Australian
nd Implication3/2014
h location iscold water teair temperature energy to upper and lo
stimates for e day value ue estimates fge day value ved from the
would be -0ues if the YVnsidered insi0.3-0.7 kWh/emperature ed energy use
mates again
delling air aa report by Eightly outsid
C-14.9°C for in values couoposed averant for long te
water tempera2006-2012
Mean -Vermo(°C, Std Dev
17.5 (2.6)14.8 (2.8)12.8 (1.1)11.2 (0.8)12.0 (0.9)13.6 (1.1)16.1 (1.2)18.1 (1.0)19.3 (1.8)20.9 (1.9)21.9 (2.3)20.8 (1.1)
16.7 r 2013 for **N=
water temperot in good agne 4. Measuh greatest diss (cold water
Melbourne (Aclimate into
ns for Househ
s the highestemperature. Iures due to t heat water
ower bounds
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VW area meignificant fo/hh.day ener
estimates usinbetween the
nst Industry
and water teEnergy Efficde the propos
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ature for Verm2 ont v)
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y Standards
emperature incient Strategised air and cr averages anunted for by es to be derivpatterns such
mont (HH5) and
ence C)
2Me
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s presented inith cold wateter temperatuin the Marchres) for calcu008). The Ate zones ther
Use
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uburb mean ean method burb mean an method is
hod lies withsingle day v
was utilised iation when tnway et al., rb mean methhold study sit
n ‘Energy Uies (2008) arcold water tend 16.4°C-1the lack of l
ved from onlh as the South
d AS/NZS 42342012-2013* an -VermontC, Std Dev) 18.4 (1.0) 16.1 (----) 12.6 (1.0) 12.2 (----) 11.9 (2.1) 14.0 (0.4) 15.4 (1.5) 17.8 (1.2) 19.5 (2.5) 22.3 (0.9) 19.2 (2.1) 21.4 (1.0) 6.9 (3.7)**
r a single day (i
n Table 10 aser temperaturures are up t
h-July periodulating the en
Australian/Nereby a lack o
perature follariation in coal properties um and minie MMFA Mo
method ran(Table 5) ismethod rangs 16.6°C. Bo
hin the rangevalues and -instead of thtaking into a2013). How
thod could astes.
Use in the Are 15.5°C anemperatures 7.3°C for colong term Rly seven yearhern Oscillat
4:2008 (Clima
t Diffe(°3534120002-032
ie not annual av
s well as Apre values preto 5.1°C war
d. Appendix Dnergy consumew Zealand of agreement
17
lowed by old water
between imum air odel.
nges from s 16.3°C. ges from oth single s derived -0.2°C to he suburb account a
wever, the ssist with
Australian nd 16.2°C for HH1-old water
RAW data rs of data tion.
ate Zone 4)
erence C) .4 .1 .6
4.2 .9
2.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.3 0.8 .4
2.4 verage).
pendix D esented in rmer than D, Figure mption of Standard
t with the
Water TeWater-En
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3.9
Monthly
1) Cb
2) I
Time serFigure 1conjunct
Table 11:
TemperaCold Wa Table 12:
Profile
April
August
DecembeFebruary
The mon
TMt
M
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3.9.1
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Figure 13
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nthly time se
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ay indicate s
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for April 20e 14. Seasoble 12, provi
winter and sum
LD WATERS
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MARY OF T
re Lowe
3(a) 1
3 (b)
4 (a) 14 (b) 1
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from this zon
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gional Influ
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nd Implication3/2014
support for fu
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R DISTRIBUSINGLE DAY
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e distributio
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CHARACTSINGLE D
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2013 are prein Table 1
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TERISTICS DAY (SUMMdian SD 3°C 2.7
3/2013
on (°C) M
entred over id in a flat le
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18
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122
Mean (°C)
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Figure 13
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ngs for the wating water in
: YVW area: (
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
armest and cnfrastructure
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nd Implication3/2014
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emperature in nergy-Carbon
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(a) DecemberFebruary 2013
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nd Implication3/2014
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21
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NZS 4234:20
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23
use water cessary in
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24
1994 and sampling ing water
improved rstanding icance to ld lead to
ted water
tions.
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Water TeWater-En
ReferARPKE,
AAS/NZS
COOK, UAO
ENERG2
ESRI. 20ESRI. 20KENWA
WKENWA
iKENWA
ua
KENWArp
LEE, T. OM
Maps thrar
emperature in nergy-Carbon
rences , A. & HUTZApproach. Jo
S 2008. AS/NSydney, WelS., HALL, MUrban WaterAustralia. InOrganisationY EFFICIEN2020. Canbe012. ArcMap013. Light GAY, S. 2012.Water Secur
AY, S. J., LAin cities. Jou
AY, S. J., PRuse in the Prand Water S
AY, S. J., SCrelated energpossible mea1987. A SimOff for DomMeeting of A
roughout thiare the intellrights reserv
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
ZLER, N. 20Journal of IndNZS 4234:20llington: SA
M. & GREGOr in Australia
n: CSIRO (edn. NT STRATEerra. p 10.1. Califo
Gray Canvas R The Water-E
rity ResearchANT, P. & PRurnal of WateRIESTLEY, Arovision and ervices Asso
CHEIDEGGEgy in househasures. Energ
mple Algorithmestic Solar WANZSES. Aus
is report werlectual prope
ved. For more
nd Implication3/2014
006. Domestidustrial Ecol
008 : Heated I Global LimORY, A. 201a: An Updated.). Canberra
EGIES 2008.
ornia: EnviroReference anEnergy Nexu
h Alliance. RIESTLEY, er and ClimaA., COOK, SConsumptio
ociation of AER, R., LARolds: a modegy and Buildhm for EstimWater Heaterstralian Natio
re created userty of Esri e information
ns for Househ
ic Water Uselogy, 10, 169water system
mited. 12. Energy Ue. A report pa: Commonw
. Energy Use
onmental Synd Basemap.us and Urban
A. 2011. Quate Change, 2S., SEO, S., Ion of Urban WAustralia. RSEN, T. A., el designed todings, 58, 378mating Cold Wr Design. Theonal Univers
ing ArcGIS®and are usedn about Esri®
hold Energy U
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Use in the Proprepared for twealth Scient
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stems Resou. 2013 Esri, Dn Metabolism
uantifying th2, 247-259.INMAN, M.Water in Aus
LANT, P. &o understand8-389. Water Inlet Te Annual Cosity.
® software bd herein und® software, p
Use
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ovision and Cthe Water Seific and Indu
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& GREGORstralia and N
& BADER, Hd the current
Temperature nference and
by Esri. ArcGder license. Cplease visit w
Life-Cycle
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Consumptionervices Assocustrial Resear
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. NAVTEQ. ions in cities
een water an
RY, A. 2008New Zealand.
H. P. 2013. Wstate and sim
and Volumed Annual Ge
GIS® and ACopyright © www.esri.com
25
ion.
n of ciation of rch
1986-
. Urban
nd energy
. Energy CSIRO
Water-mulate
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ArcMap™ Esri. All
m
Water TeWater-En
Appen
Table A - ID H
L
HH1 VG
HH2 KE
HH3 JoE
HH4 BB
HH5 AV
Notes: 1.set of cohousehold
Weathertemperat
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndix A - A
1: Weather stHOUSEHOLDLOCATIONS
Vermont St, Glen Waverley
Kalbar Road, Eltham ohn Street,
Eltham Bridgeford AvBlackburn
Abbey Walk, Vermont
. Where thereoordinates wad address.
r stations Viture data ava
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
ir Temper
ations closest tD
S SUBURCOORD
y Glen WaVIC, 37145.17°E
Eltham1
37.72°S
e, Blackbu37.83°S
Vermon37.84°S
e was more ths chosen. 2.
iewbank (08ailability and
nd Implication3/2014
rature Data
to the five samRB DINATES
averley, .88°S, E
, VIC , 145.14°E
urn, VIC , 145.15°E
nt1, VIC, , 145.20°E
an one set of The weather
86068) and d their proxim
ns for Househ
a
mple householdWEATHER
086104 Scor(7.6km away086224 Dan(11.7km aw086068 View(4.4km away086351 Bun(8.3km away086104 Scor(10.3km aw086068 View(10.9km aw086104 Scor(6.0km away086068 View(14.2km aw
f suburb coordstation distan
Scoresby Rmity to the su
hold Energy U
s R STATIONS
resby Researcy)2
ndenong VIC ay)
wbank VIC y)2
ndoora VIC y)2
resby Researcay)2
wbank VIC ay)2
resby Researcy)2
wbank VIC ay)2
dinates availabnce is relativ
Research Insturveyed hous
Use
S
ch Inst. VIC
ch Inst. VIC
ch Inst. VIC
ble (a differene to the subu
titute (08610sehold locatio
T° DATA
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
nce of 0.01°Eurb coordinate
04) were chons (Table A
26
WITHIN YVW
Close
No
Yes
Yes
Close
Yes
Close
Yes
E), the first es not the
hosen for A - 1).
Water TeWater-En
Appen
Table B -
YEAR
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndix B – Y
1: YVW area
MONTH M
APR MAY JUN JUL
AUG SEP
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB
MAR
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
YVW Area
(Apr 2012 – M
MEAN (°C)
18.1 14.8 12.6 11.7 11.7 15.6 15.1 17.8 19.7 21.2 22.0 24.4
nd Implication3/2014
a Water Te
Mar 2013), mon
YVW A
MEDIAN (
18.1 14.9 12.6 11.6 11.5 15.4 15.2 17.7 19.7 21.2 21.8 24.2
ns for Househ
emperatur
nthly water tem
AREA
(°C) SD
1.41.11.00.30.60.90.91.30.90.71.01.8
hold Energy U
re Statistic
mperature stat
N
19 23 21 22 23 20 23 21 17 22 20 19
Use
cs
tistics
27
WW
A A
F
Water Temperature Water-Energy-Carbo
Appendix C - L
Appendix C.1 Gl
Figure C - 1: Glen W
in Melbourne and Ion Group, 17/03/20
Long Term M
len Waverley (H
averley (HH1): Mon
Implications for Ho014
Monthly Averag
HH1), Average W
nthly trends of avera
ousehold Energy Us
ge Water Tem
Water Temperatu
age water temperatu
se
mperature Tren
ure Trends per M
re (2006-2012)
28
nds
Month (2006-20112)
WW
A
F
Water Temperature Water-Energy-Carbo
Appendix C.2 El
Figure C - 2: Eltham
in Melbourne and Ion Group, 17/03/20
ltham (HH2 & H
(HH2 & HH3): Mon
Implications for Ho014
HH3), Average W
nthly trends of avera
ousehold Energy Us
Water Temperatu
age water temperatu
se
ure Trends per M
ure (2006-2012)
29
Month (2006-20112)
WW
A
F
Water Temperature Water-Energy-Carbo
Appendix C.3 Bl
Figure C - 3: Blackbu
in Melbourne and Ion Group, 17/03/20
lackburn (HH4),
urn (HH4): Monthly
Implications for Ho014
, Average Water
y trends of average w
ousehold Energy Us
r Temperature T
water temperature (2
se
Trends per Month
2006-2012)
30
h (2006-2012)
WW
A
F
Water Temperature Water-Energy-Carbo
Appendix C.4 Ve
Figure C - 4: Vermon
in Melbourne and Ion Group, 17/03/20
ermont (HH5), A
nt (HH5): Monthly tr
Implications for Ho014
Average Water T
rends of average wat
ousehold Energy Us
Temperature Tre
ter temperature (200
se
ends per Month (
06-2012)
31
(2006-2012)
Water TeWater-En
Appen
Append
Table D -
YEA
202020202020202020202020
SINGL(APR 2
Table D -
YEA
201201201201
201201201201201201201201
SINGL(APR 20
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndix D - M
dix D.1 Mon
1: Glen Wave
AR MON
012 A012 M012 J012 J012 A012 S012 O012 N012 D013 J013 F013 MLE DAY AV012-MAR 20
2: Blackburn
R MONT
12 A12 MA12 JU12 JU
12 AU12 S12 O12 NO12 D13 JA13 FE13 MALE DAY AVG012–MAR 201
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
Monthly W
nthly Water
erley (HH1) an
GL
THMEAN
(°C) APR 18.2 AY 13.9
JUN 13.1 JUL 11.2
AUG 11.5 SEP 13.0
OCT 15.2 NOV 16.4 DEC 19.9 JAN 20.6 FEB 22.9
MAR 20.8 VGE013)
16.5
(HH4) and Ve
TH MEAN
(°C) APR 17.2 AY 13.8 UN 12.3 UL 11.9
UG 11.5 SEP 15.1 CT 15.4 OV 19.1 EC 20.2 AN 21.9 EB 23.2 AR 21.8 GE 13)
15.6
nd Implication3/2014
Water Temp
r Temperatu
d Eltham (HH
LEN WAVEN MEDIAN
(°C) 17.8 13.8 13.2 10.8 11.2 12.7 16.0 16.3 19.3 20.9 22.6 20.8
16.4
ermont (HH5),
BLACKBUMEDIAN
(°C) 17.5 14.0 12.0 11.9
11.5 15.6 15.6 19.3 20.5 22.0 23.1 21.8
14.3
ns for Househ
perature S
ure Statistics
H2 & HH3), Ap
ERLEY (HHN
SD
1.0 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.3 0.8
4.1
, Apr 2012-Ma
URN (HH4)
SD
1.3 0.8 1.4 0.7
0.7 1.2 0.4 2.9 0.9 2.5 3.0 --
4.4
hold Energy U
Statistics
s for Suburb
pr 2012–Mar 2
H1)
N ME
(°9 14 1
11 14 1
11 13 19 14 19 16 27 27 2
84 1
ar 2013 water t
N ME
(°3 13 14 15 1
14 13 13 14 14 14 23 12 2
52 1
Use
bs containin
013 water tem
ELTHAMEAN °C)
MED(°C
7.8 17.5.4 15.2.9 13.2.1 12.2.1 12.2.6 12.4.0 14.6.8 17.8.8 18.
20.7 20.22.3 22.21.0 20.
6.3 15.
temperature st
VERMEAN °C)
MED(°C
8.4 18.6.1 16.2.6 12.2.2 12.
1.9 11.4.0 14.5.4 14.7.8 18.9.5 19.
22.3 22.9.2 18.
21.4 21.
6.9 17.
ng HH1-HH
mperature stati
M (HH2, HHDIAN C)
SD
.5 1.1
.4 1.0
.4 1.3
.0 0.8
.1 0.9
.5 0.3
.0 0.7
.2 0.9
.8 1.4
.3 1.4
.6 2.4
.6 1.5
.6 3.7
tatistics MONT (HH5DIAN C)
SD
.1 1.0
.1 --
.3 1.0
.2 --
.1 2.1
.2 0.4
.8 1.5
.2 1.2
.8 2.5
.3 0.9
.3 2.1
.1 1.0
.1 3.7
32
H5
stics H3)
N
5 12 10 9
10 4
12 7
11 10 8 8
106
5)
N
4 2 4 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
37
Water TeWater-En
Table D -
YEA
2006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-20
Table D -
YEA
2006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-20
emperature in nergy-Carbon
3: Glen Wave
AR MON
012 J012 F012 M012 A012 M012 J012 J012 A012 S012 O012 N012 D
4: Blackburn
AR MON
012 JA012 F012 M012 A012 MA012 JU012 J012 AU012 S012 O012 N012 D
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
erley (HH1) an
GL
THMEAN
(°C) AN 20.8
FEB 21.6 MAR 20.6 APR 18.0 AY 14.8 UN 13.1
JUL 11.7 UG 12.1
SEP 13.7 OCT 15.6
OV 18.4 DEC 18.9
(HH4) and Ve
THMEAN
(°C) AN 21.4
FEB 22.8 MAR 21.1 APR 18.3 AY 14.9 UN 12.6
JUL 11.9 UG 12.0
SEP 13.6 OCT 15.8
OV 18.9 DEC 20.3
nd Implication3/2014
d Eltham (HH
LEN WAVEN MEDIAN
(°C) 21.2 21.5 20.5 18.0 14.6 13.2 11.3 12.0 13.5 15.6 17.8 19.4
ermont (HH5),
BLACKBU
N MEDIAN(°C) 22.1 22.9 21.0 18.3 14.2 12.5 12.0 12.0 13.7 16.0 19.1 20.2
ns for Househ
H2 & HH3), 200
ERLEY (HHN
SD
2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.4
, 2006-2012 wa
URN (HH4)
N SD
2.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.7
hold Energy U
06-2012 water
H1)
N ME
(°14 29 2
13 213 19 1
13 19 1
12 18 1
10 18 1
13 1
ater temperatu
N ME
(°8 28 28 29 18 19 1
10 18 1
10 19 17 19 1
Use
temperature s
ELTHAMEAN °C)
MED(°C
20.5 21.21.5 21.20.5 20.
7.9 18.5.6 15.3.0 13.2.0 12.2.2 12.3.0 13.4.8 14.7.7 17.8.6 18.
re statistics
VERM
EAN °C)
MED(°C
0.9 21.1.9 21.0.8 20.7.5 18.4.8 15.2.8 13.1.2 11.2.0 11.3.6 13.6.1 15.8.1 18.9.3 19.
statistics
M (HH2, HHDIAN C)
SD
.0 2.0
.5 0.6
.4 1.0
.0 1.4
.4 1.1
.0 1.1
.1 0.9
.1 0.9
.0 0.6
.9 1.3
.7 1.4
.7 1.4
MONT (HH5
DIAN C)
SD
.0 1.9
.7 2.3
.7 1.1
.1 2.6
.3 2.8
.1 1.1
.2 0.8
.9 0.9
.9 1.1
.5 1.2
.2 1.0
.5 1.8
33
H3)
N
12 11 14 16 15 13 12 13 12 14 14 12
5)
N
11 8
10 8
11 8 9 8
10 8 8 9
Water TeWater-En
Append
Figure D consumpt
emperature in nergy-Carbon
dix D.2 Mon
- 1: Zone 4 coltion from heate
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
nthly Cold W
lumn shows thed water system
nd Implication3/2014
Water Temp
e AS/NZS 4234ms in Melbour
ns for Househ
perature Va
4:2008 temperrne (AS/NZS, 2
hold Energy U
alues in AS/N
rature values u2008)
Use
NZS 4234:2
used for calcula
2008
ating energy
34
Water TeWater-En
Appen
Table E -
YEA
202020202020202020202020AV
Table E -
YEA
202020202020202020202020A
Table E -
YEA
201201201201201201201201201201201201AV
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndix E - N
1: HH1 & HH
AR MONT
12 A12 MA12 JU12 JU12 AU12 S12 O12 NO12 D13 JA13 F13 MAVERAGE DA
2: HH3 & HH
AR MONT
012 A012 MA012 JU012 JU012 AU012 S012 O012 NO012 D013 JA013 F013 MAVERAGE DA
3: HH5, Apr 2
AR MONT
12 AP12 MA12 JU12 JU12 AU12 SE12 OC12 NO12 DE13 JA13 FE13 MAVERAGE DA
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
earest Up
H2, Apr 2012–M
TH MEAN
(°C) APR 19.0 AY 14.5 UN 12.3 UL 10.4 UG 11.2
SEP 12.3 CT 13.4 OV 16.1 EC 18.6 AN 20.8 EB #DIV/0AR 20.0 AY 16.3
H4, Apr 2012–M
TH MEAN
(°C) APR 17.5 AY 15.1 UN 13.3 UL 11.9 UG #DIV/0
SEP 12.4 OCT 13.9
OV 17.7 DEC 18.8
AN 19.9 EB 22.0 AR #DIV/0AY 16.8
2012–Mar 2013
TH MEAN
(°C) PR 18.6 AY 16.0 UN #DIV/0!UL #DIV/0!UG 14.2 EP 14.3 CT 14.8 OV 18.2 EC 19.8 AN 22.3 EB 18.3 AR 20.6 AY 16.8
nd Implication3/2014
stream Es
Mar 2013 near
UPSTREAN MEDIAN
(°C) 19.0 14.5 12.3 10.4 11.2 12.3 13.4 16.1 18.6 20.8
0! #NUM!20.0 15.8
Mar 2013 near
UPSTREAN MEDIAN
(°C) 17.5 15.1 13.3 11.9
0! #NUM!12.4 13.9 17.7 18.8 19.9 22.0
0! #NUM!17.1
3 nearest upstr
UPSTREAM MEDIAN
(°C) 18.6 16.0
! #NUM!! #NUM!
14.2 14.3 14.8 18.2 19.8 22.3 18.3 20.6 16.5
ns for Househ
stimates
rest upstream w
AM OF HH1N
SD
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1.1
rest upstream w
AM OF HH3N
SD
-- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
0.7
ream water tem
M OF HH5N
SD
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
0.8
hold Energy U
water tempera
1
N M
(1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 21 20 12 27 1
water tempera
3
N M
(1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 21 20 27
mperature stat
N
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Use
ature statistics
UPSTREMEAN
(°C) MED
(°C17.5 1715.2 1513.4 1312.1 1211.7 1112.1 1215.0 1516.7 1620.3 2021.6 2119.5 1920.4 2016.1 16
ature statistics
UPSTREMEAN
(°C) MED
(°C19.4 1914.0 1413.5 1313.7 1312.5 1213.7 1315.3 1518.4 1818.9 1823.3 2323.3 2322.2 2217.9 18
tistics
REAM OF HDIAN C)
SD
7.5 -- 5.2 -- 3.4 -- 2.1 -- 1.7 -- 2.1 -- 5.0 -- 6.7 -- 0.3 -- 1.6 -- 9.5 -- 0.4 -- 6.4 0.6
REAM OF HDIAN C)
SD
9.4 -- 4.0 -- 3.5 -- 3.7 -- 2.5 -- 3.7 -- 5.3 -- 8.4 -- 8.9 -- 3.3 -- 3.3 -- 2.2 -- 8.1 1.0
35
HH2
N
1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 7
HH4
N
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Water TeWater-En
Appen Append
Figure Faverage data waswhilst Vhouseho
Figure F -2006-2012
Figure F -water tem
emperature in nergy-Carbon
ndix F – W
dix F.1 Com
F - 1 and Fitemperature
s chosen as tViewbank we
ld locations
- 1: (a) Glen W2 water temper
- 2: (a) Blackbmperature vs ai
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
Water Tem
mparing Lon
gure F - 2 ps of the subthe AIR dataeather stationand tempera
Waverley (HH1rature vs air te
urn (HH4), 20ir temperature
nd Implication3/2014
mperature E
ng Term Av
present a comurb scale RA
aset for Glenn data was c
ature data ava
), 2006-2012 wemperature
06-2012 watere
ns for Househ
Estimates
verages
mparison beAW dataset
n Waverley (chosen for Eailability (illu
water temperat
r temperature v
hold Energy U
from Air
etween the loto the AIR dHH1), Black
Eltham (HH2ustrated in F
ture vs air tem
vs air tempera
Use
Temperat
onger term (dataset. Scorkburn (HH4)2 & HH3) baigure 6).
perature; (b) E
ature; (b) Verm
ture Data
(2006-2012)resby weathe) and Vermoased on prox
Eltham (HH2
mont (HH5), 20
36
monthly er station nt (HH5) ximity to
& HH3),
006-2012
Water TeWater-En
Append
Figure F -estimates water tem
Append
Figure F -Mar 2013Mar 2013
emperature in nergy-Carbon
dix F.2 Cold
- 3: (a) Glen Wfrom Scoresby
mperature estim
dix F.3 Lee
- 4: (a) Glen W3); (b) Eltham (3)
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
d Water Tem
Waverley (HH1y Research Insmates from Vie
Model Esti
Waverley (HH1(HH2 & HH3)
nd Implication3/2014
mperature E
), Blackburn (stitute station dewbank station
imates vs Su
) Lee Model w Lee Model wa
ns for Househ
Estimates fr
(HH4) and Verdata (Apr 2012n data (Apr 20
uburb Mean
water temperatater temperatu
hold Energy U
rom Air Tem
rmont (HH5) L2–Mar 2013); (
012–Mar 2013)
n Method
ture estimates vure estimates v
Use
mperature D
Lee Model wat(b) Eltham (HH
vs suburb meavs suburb mean
Data (Lee M
ter temperaturH2 & HH3) Le
an method (Apn method (Apr
37
Model)
re ee Model
pr 2012– r 2012–
Water TeWater-En
Figure F -2013); (b)
Table F - 2013)
YEAR
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013
Table F - 2013)
YEAR
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013
emperature in nergy-Carbon
- 5: (a) Blackb) Vermont (HH
1: Glen Waver
MON
MARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMAR
2: Eltham (HH
MON
MARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMAR
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
urn (HH3) LeeH5) Lee Model
rley (HH1) dif
TH Ta
(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2
H2 & HH3) dif
TH Ta
(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2
nd Implication3/2014
e Model waterwater temper
fference betwee
a(m-1)
°C) LeH
7.1 5.0 1.9
9.7 9.5 0.2 2.3 3.8 6.7 8.3
20.2 21.4 20.3
fference betwe
a(m-1)
°C) Le
HH7.5 5.2 1.9
9.7 9.5 0.3 2.3 4.1 7.3 8.8
20.6 21.8 20.5
ns for Househ
r temperature eature estimate
en Lee Model
ee Model
HH1 (°C) --
16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3
een Lee Model
ee Model H2&3 (°C)
-- 16.7 15.2 13.0 11.5 11.4 11.9 13.2 14.4 16.6 17.6 18.8 19.6
hold Energy U
estimates vs sues vs suburb m
estimates and
Suburb MeaHH1 (°C)
-- 18.2 13.9 13.1 11.2 11.5 13
15.2 16.4 19.9 20.6 22.9 20.8
estimates and
Suburb MeaHH2&3 (°C)
-- 17.8 15.4 12.9 12.1 12.1 12.6 14
16.8 18.8 20.7 22.3 21
Use
uburb mean meean method (A
suburb mean m
an HH1 Δ(°C
-- 1.8-1.10.2-0.30.21.32.02.23.83.44.51.5
suburb mean
an )
HH2&3(°C
-- 1.10.20.00.60.70.70.82.42.23.23.51.4
method (Apr 20Apr 2012–Mar
method (Apr 2
ΔT° C)
HDif
8 1 2 3 2 3 0 2 8 4 5 5
method (Apr 2
3 ΔT° C)
HHDif
1 2 0 6 7 7 8 4 2 2 5 4
38
12–Mar
r 2013)
2012–Mar
HH1 % fference
-- 10.1% -7.6% 1.4% -2.4% 1.8% 9.6% 13.3% 13.5% 19.1% 16.5% 19.6% 7.4%
2012–Mar
H2&3 % fference
-- 6.5% 1.4% -0.3% 5.0% 6.4% 5.7% 5.7% 16.5% 13.4% 17.9% 18.7% 7.2%
Water TeWater-En
Table F - 2013)
YEAR
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013
Table F -
YEAR
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013
emperature in nergy-Carbon
3: Blackburn
R MON
MAAPRMAJUNJULAUGSEPOCNOVDECJANFEBMA
4: Vermont (H
MON
MARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMAR
Melbourne an Group, 17/03
(HH4) differen
NTH Ta
(AR 1
R 1AY 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2
AR 2
HH5) differenc
TH Ta
(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2
nd Implication3/2014
nce between Le
a(m-1)
°C) LeH
17.1 15.0 11.9 9.7 9.5
10.2 12.3 13.8 16.7 18.3 20.2 21.4 20.3
ce between Lee
a(m-1)
°C) T
H7.1 5.0 1.9
9.7 9.5 0.2 2.3 3.8 6.7 8.3
20.2 21.4 20.3
ns for Househ
ee Model estim
ee Model
HH4 (°C) --
16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3
e Model estimaTmain(m)
HH1 (°C) --
16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3
hold Energy U
mates and subu
Suburb MeaHH4 (°C)
-- 17.2 13.8 12.3 11.9 11.5 15.1 15.4 19.1 20.2 21.9 23.2 21.8
ates and suburbYVW
HH1 (°C)--
18.4 16.1 12.6 12.2 11.9 14.0 15.4 17.8 19.5 22.3 19.2 21.4
Use
urb mean meth
an HH4 Δ(°C
-- 0.8-1.1-0.70.40.23.42.24.94.14.74.82.5
b mean methoHH1 Δ
(°C--
2.01.1-0.30.70.62.32.23.63.45.10.82.1
hod (Apr 2012–
ΔT° C)
HDif
8 1 7 4 2 4 22 9 21 27 28 25
od (Apr 2012–MΔT°
C) H
Di
0 1 3 7 6 3 2 6 24 1 28 1
39
–Mar
HH4 % fference
-- 4.6% -8.2% -5.4% 3.7% 1.8% 22.4% 14.4% 25.6% 20.1% 21.3% 20.7% 11.4%
Mar 2013) HH1 % fference
-- 10.8% 6.8% -2.5% 5.6% 4.8% 16.1% 14.2% 20.3% 17.3% 22.8% 4.3% 9.9%