bosi_colony cult & culture
TRANSCRIPT
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K @ @ @ @ @ > . @ I @, @ @ K, I J > = , @ @ @ > @ A . B >
@ I @ >>K >> @ > K, K @ @ @ >
@ . + K @ _ .` I I K @ @ >>K @ @ > = @ I @ I I @ @ @ @ @>K (101-102)
A @ I >> > I > @= @@ @- I @ @ @ > @ , @@ I > K > @ > I @ K
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K , > @, @ > @ @. @ @
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30
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@ @ @ K.+ > , I @ @ > @ @ @ @
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@ K < @ , < K : _ > @ / FR, R ,` C Y . A@
@ I @ % I E@ > @ >> > K I K G .
C > @ L @ > L @ I K@ @ @ > > : @ @ @ I > @ , J > @
, @ @ @ @ . B @ >K K > @
@ ; K > > I @ = K @ K I >> @ . + I
K I > @ @ > K @ > = > @ ,
@ @ K @ @ @ . C > ( @ ) >> 7+>+7 < =, - > K , @
> @+, @ @ C C @ > @ @ > @ B L > I <
@ K A @ @ @ K > = > .2 + >
@ @ K + /3/= I , > K > @ , I >> > >K @
> @ .3 D G @ @ @ I @ G I @ ? +
= K @ = I @ @ > @' @ > L @ > > K > @ , > @ I @
>> @ > @, @ @ K- - K J @
I @ @ @ I , @ > L > K?
31
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@ @ > > 7, @ : > < = I I >> I = , I @ I >
@ @ , I > I =
+ > >> I = @ @ @ @ @ K; @ @ @> < = @ L
G = +3 /3+. @ > @ @ @ K, I > @ ,
K > , @ > @ @ J @ @ @ @ K @
E @ @ @ @ > @ + @ @- < = @ > < = @ ,
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@ @ > > @ , @ > K > + @ @ + @ , I @ > @
> > @, J @ @ E@> @> L > @ @ @ , @ @
K > > @ ( @ > @ . C > K J > @
@ > , @ @ >>K, > =.+ @ = @ @ , @ @ @ @
' @ @ @ , @ >K @ @ > I > @
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E@> @ @ @ > = >>=>+>3 23 = 2 #/+= I @ " > $ @@ > -
> @ , @ >K > @ > @
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@ @ @, @ J > @ + + >3 @ > @ K
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@K , @ @ > L > @ > K @ > @ @ @ .
# I @ K - > =K ,>> @ > @ @ @ K > K >@ @ @ @ J :
1) + @ > @ @ ,@ K @ @ @, @ >
@ I @ J . C > @ > @ , >>, I @ > @ @ @ @ > E@ @ >K > > @ , J @/+7 (> >>K,
_ > > `), I @ @ > ' @ _ > .` E 7/> @3 @3>+7 : K > >K > @
> ( # / = , , 5, 25). @ B L > @ > @ ,@ K @ I@ , , I = @ / @ ). H I @ @
> @ > @ > J @? H @ @ > @ K > I ,
> > .2) @ > > @, ,
@ , > @ >' @@ @ > K. + > @ @ ,
34
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@ I @ I @ > @ @ @ . < ? >' >> @
, @ K, @ C @ @
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@ > @ @ I @ @ @); > , > , @ @ I
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> K, @ > >K @ > @ > > .
@ @ , I @ A @ @ A @> K, @ > C > @ @ @ ,
@ . + > @ >K >> @ > > @ @ @ > > @ @ > > @
>> @ K , @ I >
@ - K @ . + @ K = >K ( @ , , K K
I . F @ >>K J >@ > @ > > > @ @ @ >
+ A
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II. A$ #!f!ed Ref#ec*! % a%d C %*(ad!c*! % !% * eC # %!0!%g P( ce))
C > @ L @ > @, > , @ > I @ > > .
+ > @, >>: @
> @ @ @ > , @ >> @ K' @ @ @ . % I > @ @ J
@ ' . + K, @ > @> @ @ , > @ > > @
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, @ I @@ @K % I > > @ L I = @ L E @ > @ I = @
@ , @ @ , @ @ @ . @ @ J , @ K I @ > > @ = > @ I @ > > @ @@ @ > > @.
" > $ J I > K @ K @
+ K > @ > @ A , J @, @ >@ @ @ @ @ @ > > @, @@ @
@ @ > @ E @ , @ @ A @@ > @ @ > =- = @ , @ > K I@
> @. + K>> @ @ > @. @ > >
I E @ @ @ , I > . (1: 823)
$ @ ' > @ K KI @ K
K, @ > @ , @ @ @ @ > @ @ I >I K @@ I > @ @ , K, @ @ > , @
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> @ . C , , @ > @ @ , . (3: 389-90)
$ J > >K I > @ L @ I @ >@ L @ @ @ > > @ I > >
@ L @ @ @ K > , J @ @ @ > @ @ @ @
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I - J @. + @ > @/ 73/ + , / / 2 B L > @ @ ,
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> @ @ > @ > @ > @>, - >, > ?), I K >K @ @ @
@ @ @ @ I A @ @ , A7/=>3 = I < @ > @ >
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@ @ @ I > @ , @ K K > L @ K- - K > > @ L
> K @ J @ . + @
@ , I = C R @ L , I @>K I @K >> I @ @ , A @ @ ' -3=>+ / /=3/ ( @ ), J @
@ @ A @ @ @ L :
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@ I 3+ '= >/=>3 /=.+ @ , @K I I -@ @ , > @ > @ . , @
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> @ @ > @ > @ , @ @= @(G > 390)
A @ $ @ > G > @ :
K > @ ? I > >K @ J @ @ >>K @ @ > , @ > > I@ J @ @ >>K E@ > = . C > I @ > @ @>K > ,
@ , @ . B > @ @ F @ @ + >> I -
@, @ J @ > = + > F C . @ # %
@ > . @ > @ I K > 3=>+ / /=3/ @ I @ @
@ @ @ > = @ @ @ @ @ (187 I @ > ' , I .
+ I @ K > @ @ @ J @ . + D @ @ B # C > B> I @ 1492 1542 @ >> @. A@ $ > $ @ @ , > C @ > @ , K B = E==+3=(1588):
> @ ? @K L @ , @K @ @ I , @K >> @
@ > I , @ > @ I > , @ > > - @ - @ !
+ @a ! A > @ @ > > @ >@ @ K @ @ K @ >
(1031) J
@ B L >, @ @ @ @ > @ > @ L @, @ - I @ L @ @
=> @ + /3/=, @ @ @ @ @ @ > @ @ > @ . E @ G > F
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> > @ L @ @ B L > @ > I_ > @ @ @.` + K I >
@ J > >> @ @ > > @ > . + J @
1970 @ 80 I , @ @ @ , @ @ >>K > J @ @ > @ >- > K @ @4
@ E==+3 = < + 3=+>3(1907), C > @ > @ > , I @ @ _
(= + /= / =Q ) > :
# K @ @ @ J R @> @ , , @ > R > , @ N @ RR > , J > @ , @ > > @ J , , > > . A
> @ @ , N @ @ @ , [R R @ . C > R - >> > > , >> @J
+ $ J, @ @ K < E @ > > > @+ 7+ . H K @ > @
!+ 3=> E 73 F 3 =: _ I @ I >= > @ -
@- I@ @ A > , K+ , K J @ > I @ I > =
> ` (119). + J , + 7+ , I $ J > A ' > - > @ @ @ K, J@ ( 7 = ) @ J > K @ . @ $ J' , I > @ @ -@ @ @ @
@ @ >K @ @ @ > > . A @@ @
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+ / += @ > @ @ . . C+ 3>+ , I @ @ @ > @ @ @
@, > @ > I > I I @>K > .
H I , < @ @ > @@ > @ > , > K + 7+ > > I > @ -
40
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> @ @ @ @ > @ @ > @ > @ K > > J @ . A $ J I @ @ @ J , _
> L -I = @
(C+ 3>+ 1: 340). B L > @ > > I @ @ >K @ @ @ J > @ > B L >' >
@ K. $ J I @ _ @ >K,` @ K @ @ > K @ @ > @.
@ @ > , > > @ > B L > @ @ I I >> I :
1) + > @K I @ K > > @ I@ I @ I > @= E @ @ , > >K
A @ > . G @ > @ @ @ J @ > @ @ @ >>K K@ > @ K @ >
>>K @ > . + J @3+ + 3>+ 3=7 > @ @ > @ >- > @ > @
2) + > I >>K > , @ @ @ L K 3+ = +@/-
2 3 (/= @, A@ >> @, @ @ . . > @ @
3) + > @ > K I @ @ @ > @ 3 7 ( @ A -B L > @ @ -
> @ ). # I, > , @ @ I @ > @ > @ > > K. + > I I K , I
@ = > @ > @ , @ > > @ I = @ @
> @+ K @ > @ @ J I > @ > @ > K). > , >
A -B L > @ @ @ @ @ @ .4) + > > > @= @ > > @ I@
@ >2/ / > /7/ >2/ 77 3> , , K > . B ' @ > @ I, I = @ @ @ @ @ -K . +
@ , @ I > K @ @ I , > > @ J >+= + F+ / + / + J =>3 +(C
@ C ), >> I @ > K
@ J @ K > , > , @ . + >+= I K > > : < @/
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(< ), < /= ( @ @ ). + K I @ >> #
>>K, 1642 @I , K C =/ 2 > I < @ @ @ , I > @ @ @ /= / >, @ >>K >H @ K > @ @ = @ ' @ > I : @ I @ @ I @ > > > @ @ @ @C I@, I I > @ > >
@ @ K. B L > @ @ @ @ @ 1822,
@ @ @ @ > > > I >> , @ I >>K > L K @ + 2+< 3=( >@ @ @ > I) @ > @ @ @ @ > J5) + J L @ I >K > : K @
@ K @ @ > I K@ . + > @ > #@ @ @ I >>K @ @ J @ ,
@ >>K @ @ ( @ @ , >> @ @ @ @ K @ @ @ @
B L >, @ @ , @ - > > K @ @ @ > L @.
6) + > K > K I > > > @ I@ C I@, @ I @ @ >>K @ > >>K
K . H @ > @ + / += I > > @ > @ @ . @>K I @
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@ .7) > , @ >>K ,
@ @ > C , @ @ @ @ @ A @ @ @ . + > K I
@ > @ L @, I @ > @ L ' C I >K . , @ I >
@ @ I = @ K , @ I > @ > @ + /3/= @ > @ > K. +
I > @ > @ @ K @> @ > > @ .
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+ 3>3 @ J @@ > @ @ @ = =>/7.
+ = 3>3 > I K > @ @ @ . @
@ > I = @ >>K 2 7+ 3>3 , @ 2 7+ = =>/7.
> @ @ @ > > @> K I @ @ K (I I K @
@ > @ >K K @), K @@ @ > @ > . A @'3>3 @ > > ,
@ @ @ >, < J @ , , >K = @ @ @ , @@ @
K > @ @ , > @ @ > @ @ @ , I K K @ @ @ @ , @ @ @ @
>.E > @ @ >K >> = K
@ @ @ > @ > K . A @ @, G > F K ' @ R B H > @ '
> K @ . @ J > =C+=+- /2/ $ +@/=) @ $ 2/ $2+ >3/=), F K > > @ @ J@ > K B L >' @ @ @ K. F >>K@ > @ L @ @ #+ /= B), B > @ > @ @ =/+ / =, _> -+ ` @ @ B L >' =>
C+73 2 = / < >/3 @ @ @ >K > > .7@ @ > > @ > @ , F K '
K K - > > @ @ B L >'@ K @ @ > K
@ I B L > @ @ I B = 2 3 + />/=.+ K @ > @ -
> , I > @/ >+>3 >2/ / ,@@ ' ( @ # -B L > @/>23 + @/ > 23 + / / 3/= > +< /== /==+ 3= < / K, @ > @ @ > K J
F K > +7 = +> > K, K, @ @ >>K, @ @ K I @ @ =
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@ @ I $ @ I @ @ + >K =@ I> > >K J , > > @ @ > =+==373 +>3 (F K )
@ J @ < /== = /== + 37+>3 +>3 +
> @ I @ > @ L @ > @ L . + > K K > > @
> I @ @ > @ L > , @ > I @ > K @ >K @ , , J@ @ , @ @, . @
C+=+- @ @ I@ @+ /3/= I >>
A @ @ @ @ @ @ @@ I > @ . + < K J
J > @ @ @ > @< K @ A @ @ >> @ > > @ + -G @
@ P > . + > @ > >>K3 < /= A @ @@ @ > @ > > I @, @ K > -@ > , = K > > = A> , = I @, I >>-
> @ @ @ = @ , @ K J @ @, @ >, @ @I >> I @ @ @ @ .+ @ @
@ , >K K $ > $ , @ = >K> > @. + I @ K > @ L
J >> @ @ > @ I A @ @ @@C+=+- @ @
@ > @ @ I@ I , < , @ > >>
+7 = I > > , K @ I > I @J > >>K > @ . F , B
47
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> @ >- @ @ > @ L ' + K > K @ @ > K
@ E @ . + @ ' > , I @J > @ @ J > >K K > K, I
@ : > > @ K > @ I @ > 3 = + > K I =/ 2 @ @ ), @ I > @ >
@ @ @ > @ > K. , > J @ > @
@ > > >K @ >
> @ K @ @ >K K.
@ B ' >K J , > > @ + /3/K, @ @ > I
> L @ B L >, I@ > K @ @ @>K L + 3=>+ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ K .9 @ @ @, #+ /= B $ F > ' >
> @ L @ @ E =+3 = = -+7/
. @ E @ > ' @ > @ (188).J H I > > =
> > @ @ @ K @ A @ @ @ > @ @ @ + /3/=
I > @ > @ I > > = A @ @ I ?
+ > @ > > + + =/+7 -@ > @ L ' @ I K > @
@ K @ @ > . + K >> I < A @ @ @ A
> > > > @ K @ @ >K > @ K > I > L I ? > B L > @ > I > @ L > I I/=> 3 / ? @ > > @ @ @ V
< > @ L , @ > @ @ @ @ = , > @ I @
48
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, > @ > ( @ @ , K @ @ @ > , @
I @ > @ > >> @ .
+ @ @ @>K > > @ > , I @ @ , @ , @
@ > @ L @ > @ >> @ >, @ @ < , > @
> , @ > @ L @ > @ L ? I : I > @ L @ @ K @ @ @-=>< >3 , I > >K > @ > I @ @ K >
, @ @ @ K I > ; > @ L @
> , @ K @ > = @ , >, @ , @ @ ?
$ J' I @ > > @ @ > J @ @ @ > I @ K J
: > @ _ > I > @ > @ @ ` (C3 /131). A K' K > > @ >
= @ @ > @ @ I, J @ . + > = > @ E , I >
@ K @ @ , I >> @ > K = @ @ @ > >
> > , , @ > K > @ > . @ @ > > @
@ I @ I @ > @= >K @ @ @ @
@ > @ @, > = > @ > K , > J @ @+. . E> , @ K@ I @ > @K
> , I >> I @ :
+ > I > @ @ I > > @ >K> = @ @ @ > : I >> >
K I > @ > I @ , @ K @ @ @ > . @ I K,
> K > 2 @ > K > @ @ @ @ E I
@ . (64; K )
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A@ @ A@ ' > K + @ K, + P, = @ # K.12 C > - - > @ @ > - - @ I >=
@ .
+ > K@ @ B L >, I I >>>>K I K @ C @ -
, > @ > . + I > I @ @ I , I =
> @ , , > @ @> >K I > : @ >
A @ @ .+ I @ + /3/= P > @
C @K , I > @ ' @ > @ @ @ K, = > @ >K I @ @ = @
J > @ @ I @ @ K @ > @ >@ = J > @ A @ @ @ @ > @ > @
A@ @ K @ @ @L @ A @ @ ; ,
@ ,
I > = @ @ @ @ ^ , K . @ @ @ @
> , @ @ @ , K @@K J , @ @ > > , @ I @ , @
@, @ @ , >> @ , . ^ + @ > @< @ @ > , @
@ @ @ @ I @ I . (334)
D @ @ @ 7+7/ = ( > @ I @ A @ @ )@ @ > P > ,13 A@ I :
K >>K , @ >> @ @ , @ @ I , >>K I = @ @ >> K
@ I @ @ @ , K @ >K @ @ @ > @ , @ @>K I >> @
@ > > , I >> I = @ K K K @ @> @ . (334)
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I @ K @ K K @ B I @ K , >> @
> A @ @ P + R:
@>K >> > P + R , >> @ I >= @ @ . @ K : _#
> , > > I @ .` F G# @Q , I @ @ >, @
@ @ I I > K @ @ > > . C K @ , K @ : _ >
@ K , @ K I I , I I >> >
I K @ => @ . G ' > I @ > @ , @ K @ I
I >= @ > @ , I @J I @ @ = > , I @, @
> @?` @K @ @, @ I I @ K @
. (375)
A@ ' @ @ @ I> @ L @ @ > @, I @ >>K
@ K. A>> @ @ I I @ @ > @ I @ >K > @ I @@ K@ I >
@ @ I .+ @ @ @ K @ B L > = K @ >> @ @ , G P - M @ $ @ P , I
I = @ I @ , P > @ , >>K, $ @ ( @ K).14 H I , @ @ I @ C @ I >
> >> I @ # K > .E > > I @ >K @ @ @ @
@ @ > I . > @ > I A @ @ > @ @
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@ , F B > Y @ @ @ 1598; @ , F P C , I
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K, @ @ K > @ > ; F $ A , I > @ @ ;
> @ @ @
J , @ # @Q $ @ @Q , I > @ @ > , K > > I
J > > @ I @ K ; @ , F A@ $ L # ( > R A> @ ' $ L ),
@ @ K E U @ > @ @ @ @ .15 K > , D . $ @ > A> , @
@ @ >K @ > @@
@ > I K @@ @ , B @> @ , I @ @ , A>
I K @ ;J $ A @ - _A> .`16
+ > > @ > >, @ > >. I @ @ @ > @
@ > @ > @ J @ > L @, @ I @ @ K I I = @ > @ > I
@ @ @ > > @ > G ' > @ @.
+ @ @ @@ @ I @> @ > @ @ @ K > @ > > . @ , @ @ , L C @ ,
B L >; G > , > @I@ @ % I C @ I I @ - @ @ @ , I >>
@ @ (_R @@ @ ,` @ A> $R J' , @ I @ @ @ @>K >> > A@ @K + @, @ I @ >K
I @ I > @K' @ > C > @ B L >). A@ @ >
@, @ , @ >K @ @> > @ > @ =. F @ >>K
AL C @ , @ $ @ I , @ @ @ @ I I@ @ , >> @ > K @ @ @
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@ K @ I >>- @ C I@. @, @ I @ >' > K >
@ @= @ @ @ @ J > @ , @
@ @ @ > @ > .+ , I - > @ > K @ @ @ K , @ >>
@ > , I > > > > @ >
@ > @ @ C @ > > @ . + G W
> L @ @ @ @ ( =+ + B/) @ @ I > ( 3 + + @ I , @ , @ , L @> @ @ , > >K @>K > I I K @ @ @ .17
C > @ > I @ @ @ @ @ @ I > =@ I> , @ I
@ = K , I > > I @ @ @ >>K C @ @ K
> K @ > K I @ K > I>K @
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@ > , @ @ >K @ @
> @ @ , @ ' > L @ A> < @ ' @ @ > , > @ < + /= $ @ G .18 @K K
, @ @>K K @ >KL @ @ @ J K @ @ , @ I @ @ I K I
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B I @ I@ @ > > @ > > ? + % > @ > G
L >> @ @ @ _ J @
@ K.`J A > ' >K @ K @ @ @, = @ @ @ I @ @ . $ K > @
@ > > K, @ > - @ -@ I > @ >K > @ > K K > @ > .
@ ' @ I , B > I @ I+ B > @ > @
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. , , D @ @ : >> I J @ > J+ , D @ >, @ > @ K I I > > $ @ P
@ @ >' - @ @ > K > @ @ = @ @
> @ @ > I > @3 7 += > .19 + @ I @ K K, I
> @ >. + >
@ , @ = > @ I @ . @ > @, > B @ > @ > ! >
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I >, I > @ >> K I @ . A , I @ , I > @
@ @ > K
C @ - @ @ A> < @ ' C @ @ C , I @ , @ ,
I 73 /3< =' >> @ @ > K @ K C I@D @ @- - - @ K A @ I
I @ > @ H >> I I > @ > I >@ @ P C (C =), I K @
I > > >K . A@ @ > > @ > @ I >> >K > @ >> .
F @ K @ K, J @ @ @+ K @ @ > @ > > @ K >
55
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J @ > K- - K, @ @ @ @ @ > = , I @ @ @ K >K @ I - @ @
@ , < J @ @.
@ @ > > K @ @/ / 2 =@ @ > L @ , @ @ > >
@ @ , I @ @ , = > @ > > @ ). C @ K'
>> @ > @ G @ , @ @ > , - @ @ >
> @ > > K. + @ @ @@, > , @ @ > @ : > - @
@ @ @ @ @ > @ > @ K > , I > >
> @ > > @@ @ @ @K.J@ B L >, @ > @ @ I@ ,+ /3/=, @ , @ -
@ - @ > @ , C I@ @ >> @
I > @ J > > B @ , E= / 3 = (F @) @ #/ += 3 =( @), I >> @ > P
@ , @ B L > @ @ > K @ K.20 + > J @
B @ + J ' !< = 3+, C @ @ I @ @ @ @ @ @ K @
@ , A> C > ; B $ @ > C >
@+ < = L 3 / , I > @ @ P F @ @ , @ I I@
> @ @ @ >> @ > > @ @@ @ B L >;21B R @ D P 'C+ C , BC>M $ @ > C '3 + #3 +, I @ >
K A@ X@ D @ $ @ G . + > I @ > > # -B L > @ > K ( @
) @ @ @ K B L > @ @ K > J > > @ @ >
56
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@ @ .22 + I @ @: @ >> @ > @ @ @ > @ > > >
@ - @ K @@ > > @ > @ J
@ K I > > , I I > @ @ J > @ D @ @ -+ /3+ P > , I >
> ' > - @ @ > > @ > . + >@ >>K @ > @ > B L > @ @
+ > : I > @ @ I @ @ > @, @ >>K @@ @ >> >, @ @ @ > . + I @ -C @ @
@ >> > = @ - @ > K . >
< @ > @ > , @ @, @> I @ @ @ @
@ @ , > @ > @. > K , I > @ , @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ , @ . H I , I J @ >@ @ @ J , I @ > @ @ @
> J @. 57
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IV. V P +#! ). C # %!a# E ): A Ca$ %!a% Pa(e%* e)!)
$ @ > @ > I @ - @ K K > @ I A , I @ 1498 G @ . I >/< +>3 + E / 3+ >2/ $ 3+ $ 3/ /=,
1968, >. 3, @ K @ _C > @ > `
EL @ @ @ @@ . @ @ @ # U C Y ' = L = + += I @ @
@ > > @ I > > @ C Y @ >K > K @
; @ @ J >@ @ @ > @ @ . A @ @
@ , @ @ @ > @ L @ @ , C @ @ G ' K
> , @ @ @ K @ , J > K K , A > @ K @ , @ > @ @
@ J , K @ > @ @ I @ >> >.
C Y ' @ I > > @ @ > > @ J @
@ . G> K, >>, = L = + +=: > K D $ @ >, > K G , > K
>' J > @ A , @ > K # = > > = > > I' @ . G ' = @
$ > @ @ @ C @ . + @ @ K @ @ @ @ > >K >
$ @ C > @ @ > K. + H A L23 @ , @ >K D. P ' >> @ I
, _ > ,` @ C @ , >> I
J > @: _ @ J A / R @ @ ` _+ K @ I@, / +
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< @ K.E P > @ @
@ @ < > ,
A > ' , @ @ .
$P , E , P , A @ , @ A QP D @ > K >
@ > @ @ @ @ < @ K,+ I @ I I > @ ,+ @ I @ L @ ;$ , I , @ , F > K > , @+ > @ @ > @ @ @K > @ K .
+ > @ I @ J @ @ @ D. $ @ >' @ @
> , @ > @ IP@3 +( ) @ < @3 = ( >, @ @, ), I
@L :
C @ Z ( , 87);E P > @ @ ( , 89);
C , @ ( , 91).
+ @ K @K @ ;@ > @ @ @ @ < @ K;
K, K .
+ J @ @ K I @ > @ .
+ I @ @ @ @ > @ . + '
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I > @ , I _ > @>K >` (/ =/ += / /3 /= 7+ >37/ > ). + I ' >K @ @ >K @K, @ @ _ ,` @ '
< @ K:
@ E R @ @P R ?C , @ , QP P @ ?% , @ P @ @ @ ,
> > @ ? ( , 91)
K K = @ @ K + I > @ , @ K ? K, K , KF I @?
@, @ > A @ I @ I >> @ >?
, >K >, ? E > K = @ @ J @ > @ , I >>
@ K , IK, =-> @ J > I @ > I I I K > . #K
@ > @ @ , I @ I @ > @ ( @ @ I @ @ : _ K ^ K / F I
A> >K > > , > @ , @ @ @ I
@ @ > @ @ @ @ @ . F @ >>K, I @' @ >> @ @, > @ @ >
@ K @ > @ > K. D > @@ I @ > , I >> @ @
I @ I K @ I I @ I K @@ J @ . + J I > , >K > @ >K
/>3 @ @ > @ @ >@ > @ , I , >>, > >
@ > @ @ > @ @ @ .
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+ @ @ @ I @ @ @@ I @, > >K, @ >
B @ > J >> . C >> > @
@ : > > , C Y @ I I > @ I J @ @ >
@ @ . C Y I >> J =, I @ @ K @ @ @ @ > > K,
>, K > , @ I >> @ @ / 2 #/=>/ ( > $ @ > ).
+ > $ @, @ @K @ , @> = @ _ @ > ,` < @ >
@ = @ J @ ' J @ K @ , @ @ @ = L = + +=, I
> K G ' , I >> A L K@ K, I , @ @ K' @ > @ @ > @+ > $ @ > @ @ @ . H >> @ >
F , - @ = @ @ , K I >> I : _c >W @ , W P Q /
F !` _ I ! > > / F
=@ I@ !` ( , 95). + > > L @ @ , >> @ J @ @ K, K _ >> I
> / A@ I > @ >> @ ,` @ > @ @ J > K = @ K I >
J > @ I @@ @, K >> @ / > @
@ >, _% @R @ @ ,` @ I@ @ > ) ( , 96). H >>K =
A @ @D > @ @ ?
, > @ ,D J > @ @ @ ?
@ @D , > M P > @ ?
> M ? W ?
@ ? > ? W ? ( , 97)
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+ I @ I K > @+ = @ @ > ? > , I K @
@ I @ > @ > ? @ = @ @ > - @ >> K @ >> >K? K ? ? @ @ @ ? > ?
+ K @ >> @ > @ K, > @ > @ K , >
K @ @ , > @ > - @,- @ > K @ @ @ K @ . A M $
I @ > @ = L = + +=,_+ = @ -/ >> @@ @` (_A @ > /
`).24+ > @ ' , G
$ @, @ > C Y I > @ @ - > >, @ K, > @ I . H
@ @ @ > @, @ > K @ > @ . H >>K @ @, I >> @ @ E @ @ G > @ A @ @ K @ @ > @ I . H > K > , D > , @ , > L @
@ @ G , > @2 >K, @ @ @ @ > =@ I> , >K
>> + @ @ @ @ @ @ . ++ ( )
@ ( ), @ @ @ > @ > @ , @ @ :
! $ > , @ @ ,% @ > X > @ !D @ @ @ @ ,
R < < # @ !
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
65
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+ J > M CR < @ @ ,
F @ @
E , @ ( @ @ @ !)@ > @ , ,
E @ @ @ @ , M > @P
F > < ! ( , 102-3)
+ > = @ I D K I @ I I >!
H >>' > I > K !
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> @ @ K @ ,
@ I > > L I , @ @ , @ >> @ @ !
H I , ,H I > > I > ,H K @ @ K + > @ @= @ K !
A >' @ > @ > @' I > J @ @ : _
> =! @ @ @!` ( , 104). + @
, I , > @ ' > . + @ > $ @' I , K @ @ @ @@ +@/ +< @ @ , @ A @ @ , @ .
E, R > @ , R ,
66
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D L @ _B !` # @% @ L @ . ( , 1)
A @ > > @ I @
+ I , I I @+ @ @ @ > L A@ > ; A@ , @ I ,+ > @ > , I >> I :'G !', @ @ I @ >H @ @ , @ >>.
D. $ @ >' >> > > I K, @ > @ ' K : @ ' I > > I
@ K . + I K @ >>K @ @ > K @ @ , > $ @, >>
@= @ ' K , @ @ > @ I I@ @ > . B K I , _
>>,` @ I @@ @ > @ @ @@ .J
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V. Be/ %d * e Pa#e f W(!*!%g
+ > $ @ > @ > I I @ G ' I >K @ I , > - @
> , @ , I > = > @ @ I = @ @
A , @ B L > K K I > @ > @ @ C Y ' @ @ @
@ J @ @ K, > @ @ > I @ , @ @ @ J @
> @ , K > @ @ @ @ = , K
@ @ = >K > =, @ @ , @ @ K > @ L @, @
@ >>K . + @ > J @ @ K, I@ #R K, H @ @, @ F @P C , I >> > I @ + @ @ > B L >.26 A@ >
B ' A -B L > @ > @, I > >K @ @ @ @ @ @ K, > >K @ @ >
@ , I , > > K , I+ , 7 +> , +( . ., @ @ -I , > =-I , @ @ - > =), I >
@ >> K > @ > @: @
@ , > , , K , > , @ @. > @ > @ > @ > K
H I > = > @ K @ > @ @ = >K J @ , ,
> > > I >I K > K @ I @ , @ < >3/< / > @ @ @ @ @ > @ L @. + @ @ @
@@ > @K I @ K @ I > I + @ M , @ @ @ I @ > K
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K A@ @ + @ K + @ M , @ C @ K @ >K @ @ >
@ @ @ , > K A
@@ @ @ @ K, @ + , @ , K % @ $ @ !/ K C # K K B> = $ @ > I
> .27 @ , EJ ( K) @ K G @ I @ > @ >
K > =+ >/3< ( @ ), > @ @ @ > @ > @ @ >.
@ @ @ + 7 @K @ + ( - @)> @ > @ > K @ @
K B P R B> = $ @ I@ I @ $ @ G . A>> , I , K > @ , I
K @ I @ > @ @ >K @ @ @ . @
I @ @ I
J @ , I 3@/ < >3/K . + K >
> > . > > @ >K @ @ @ (> @@ @ @ > @ I K > @
@ L .+ < K J @ @ @-> K >
> J @ K @ @ @ > >@ @ @
> @ J @ @ @ K. A>> @ K @ >K @ .+ @ > , @ K , = @ A @ @ @, J J @
A @ = , > @ >>K KI , >K > > K K
@ : >> > @ K @ @ > , @ @ I @ @ > @ -
70
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>K @ @ @ @ ( , ) > @ > @ @K @ @ .
% @ > , > @ @ @ @@ > @ L @ J, I >> I
( > K K > ) > J @ . + @ B
@ @ - @ K $ @ G (+ @ K> L @ > J @ - @ K
> @ > @ L @ $ @ I > @ >K > -L @ . + 73 /3< K> > @ @ I @
E @ > @ ; I , + @ @
> @ > , > @ @ I, @ @ > J @ I >>
> @ >K.@ @ , > @ >K > @
@ @, , > @ @ @ K , K @ @ @ , @
> J > @ > @ @ , @ . +7/=>3@ > K > @ > @ > @ > J @
@ - @ K @ @ A> < @ K@ @ I 23 2 K> @ >K > K
@ > . I @ @ > K> ( > ,
> ), @ @ , @ , @ @ > K .
+ > @ I @ @ @ @ @ @@ @, J > , @ @K > , C @@ @ , @ > K @ , >>K @
@ @ K >> @ @. @ >> J @ , > @ > > @ @ @ > , @
> >K E @ @ > @.
71
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VI. A Cab c# P(a/e( !% G(ea*e( S Pa+#
I >>, @ @ J , > @K @@ @ A@ @K @ 1975, @ > @ + >> >, I >> @ , > @
+ I K, @ I G @ . , J >K, > @ > C , @ K # @ ' . % K > @ @
@ @ @ < K @ > @ , I >>, @ K @ I = @
@ @ @ = . F @K K @ I K I = @ I , @ @ = , @ I @ >
@ K, % M-# @ @ I
> @ > ( I = >> @ K > >> @ ). A @ > @ . H I @
>> @ > I I I @ ), @ @ @ I
@= @ > @ K I P I I K @, > - > = I @.
+ > @ @ >K >> > > I > @ @ K @ K @ >
. + >, > >> > @ I I @= @ > = @ , I >> I @, > >K @
@ K @ > @ @ > . + > , @ @ @ @ > >> H > $ K @ % I
A @ @ $ K >> I , I > @ @ @ @ @ # @ (_ > @ , `); K ,
@ < @ @ >K @ I @. A@ >K @ @ @ : > @ > @
# K, > @ # @. > @ > I I I @ @ @ + = I @ > @ I K K K
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> I>K @ @ I = I @ >+3 3 >>- @ - @ K :28
_E R < Q - @( > < )_ @Q ` - @( @ )_ ` - @( U )_D ` - @(D )
^^^^^^^^^^^^^..
$ < , I , K > , >, = @ @ , @@ , @ @ > , @ , @ @ @ @
, > @ @ >> $ K K > I@ @ . +
I @ >> I , @ > K @ +3 3 @ @ I @ @ @ >> @. A@ K @ @ @
K. A > @ > = > @ I
@ > . H @ I , I > @ @ >> > > @ > @ @ A
+ @ I >, @ @ , = I >> @@ @ >K @ K > .
***
> I @= @ > # @ >+3 3 @ @ , @
C > C ' @ @ @ @ , > @ >> > > @ ?
+ J @ @ >K @ @ > @ @ K > > @ >
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C K. + > K@ # - > @ > @ @ @@ K@ @ @
+3 3 > >@ @ @ @ @>K > L > @ I @ 1970 @ 80 < @ @ @
@ @ > > .29> @, @ @K >
@ @ @ K > @ , I > @ @ @ L @
@ @ - L @ @ K. + I
I @ >> @ @ @ , > = C @ @ C @30 I I @ , @ > @ >J J
A>> @ > @ > @ @ @ > @ @ , @ @-> > @
@ J , I @ > ' @ @ @ , @ @ @
@ > . % I > I = @ J > @ >K @K @ I @ L
@ @ @ > J, @ K > @ L @.
I = K@ @ @ @ @ K > > @ I > @ L @ @ I
I >> @ @ I @ I @ > , @ I @ , I >K @
I @ I @ > > I@ @ @ > @ .
I > E> , @ > B L>=> , = >> I @ > @: I
> , , I @ >K > @ > ( @ > I > K) > > , I >> >I K
> @ K > > I @ @ @ K, @ > @ ( @ I @ ) @ K. @ I@
I @ @ > , >>K > > I >> K, , @ > @ > ,
C @ , > @ , @ , @ > @ @ > @ K. + @ @
75
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I , @ > - @ > > , > @ @ L : >K >> I
@ @ < @ K > .JJ
+ @ @ @ > @ @, @ > > >
= , @ @>K > K > K @ @ @ @ . H I ,
> @ ( @ @@ ) > @ @, @ >> I > @ >K K ' J >
@ I K @ > @ > @ . F @ , @ G > @ ' @ >3 += $/ +=
(B @ # ) @ K > > @ @ K 31 H@ I >> >> I @ >
> > @ @ >, @ K, I = @ @ @@ @ K >K >> I @
@ @ =@ I@ _ > > .` E K @ @ I >> @ . A@
> >I K @ > , > K @=/3>+=( ) >> @ > > (@
@ > @ >> @ @) >@ 1960 I > @@ @
. K > I > @ @ @ P > , @ , B @ A , # , K I >>
@ ' > @ @. + @ @ @K >=> , @ >>K @ >
@ @ >K @ > > C > >I K @ ( @ @>K
J @ @ ) > @ . A@ I K @ K >
> @ @ , >> > < K , @>K 2/+ + 2/+ /== I > I
> @ > , I @ @ , K@ I @>K @ K @ > J .
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VII. T e Mea%!%g f F ($) !% P +#a( A(*
+ @ @ K > @ L @, > > @ I K @ >I K K @ >K I
@ @ > @ @ @ K > .
@ @ @ @K >K > , J > , K> > K @ > G @ B , @ @ , @ @ @ J , >
> = J @ K @ - > I K @ > @ I > K. A # @ @ : _# @
J .` I > @ @ , @ > @ @
@ @ K @ @ @ > .
> J @ > K @ @ = , >, @ , K , > @ = , ,
@ @ , @ @ @ @ > @ . @ I > = @ > >> @ >> K U> @ C+ > =
+) @ K A A > @% @ @ @K > J -
> , > @' K @ @ @ @ B
@@ @ @ @ @ @ K:
A @ P R @ ,R ,
G > @ @ ;
A R @ M @ @ ;
@ R M @ ;
-
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R M @ ;
A R > @
M @ @ @ ; @ @ R @ ,
M @ @ @ ;$ @ @ R > @
M @ .
+ I @ K, ' ,
A @ @ @ @ ;
+ @ @ >>;
+ >> > > ;
+ > > ;
+ @ ;
+ @ ' =,H K;+ K H >> .JJ
+ @ @ I @ @ @73 - + 237 @
7 >/3< -+ > , I K>/3 +- @ .33 @ @ @ @ @ @ @@ > @ > @ I >>
, K, , >> . + K >> @ K @ @ >>@ : @ @
>>. + @ @ K '@ @ @ K @ @ > > @ (
> , , .) @ @ @
@. A I >> =@ I@, @ @ @ I >>,
78
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@ > @ @ L @K @ K @ > @, I > < > > @ @ . A
K @ >K @ K @ = @ K @@ @ @ @- @ > @ , K > @ K
, . @ @ > > > J @ @ @ I @ @ I > I @ @ I .
+ > J > @ @ @ K @ K' >> @K @
. @' K > > I K, I
>K >> K > > @ > @ .+ @= @ @ K I I C , B 7 J/= =
(G ), @ @ # -B L > @ > K. H @ @ @ > = . + @ K @
I J > @ @ , , Y , @@ @ >K @ >, @ @ . B I @
, G , @ = , C E / H 7 . H > , @ ,
K @ , K >> I, @ = K I @ : @ @K' K. H , IB L > K @ ( >> B 7 J/= = + C+ +
/< / , G G @ C @ ), @ , K > K.
@ , >I K K @ @ @ > @ > @. + G
@ I @ @ @ , K
@, >I K @ > > , I > , @ I @ > @ @
> > (I , > , @ @ >K L @ J @ K K, > @ @ @
@ @ , @ @ I K > , I @ > @ K. @ K @
@ @ , @ @ . + @ @ + 3=>3 2+=, > K @ @ P >
@ @ K, @ L > K @ @ > < : @ B @ @ K = @ K
79
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> @ =; @ G , K @ ; @ , K , =, @ >K ; @
A @ , K +3 3 @ .JJ+ @ @ @
J . @>K = @ > @ K: @ C >
I # U @ L @ X ( A -B L > @ >@ @ ), @
+ 7 .34 + @, @ @- , @ , @ @ > @ , >
> - @ J, > > , I > @ >>,+= 3 + > + .JJ + ' I @
K @ > @ , > >I K @ @ @ X. + I @ @ , @
@ .+ 23 2 > @ @ @
> = I > @ @ @ @ . + > @ @ > , @ > , @ @ @ > L @ @ @
> > > > @ @@ @ @ @ @ .
E @ @ > = > @ @= @ @ @ - @ K % > @
$ A @ P > J > ), @ L $ @@ @ B
>K = @ I K @ - > C > @>K I > >K @ L @ @
I > = @ @ I @ ' > @ @ J B L > @ > @ @ @ , > K @ >
> @K @ + =>3 I @, >' > K> ; @ , @
J @ @ > > @ K >
J @ @ @ @K @< , @ @ > @ >K @ > @.
80
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@ > , K> @ > @ . BK @ , I > @ @@ K; @ I
@ G > , . + > >> J
@ K >, I > I, > . @ @ > J > @ @ > >, I @ @ >> > @ > , @
J , > > @ @ @ > @> @ @ > , > , @ @ > K. $ ,
> @ @ @ > , @ @ . + > > > > K @ , @ > > > @ >
>: < @ @ @ @ > , > @ @ @ K @ K. +2/ + += @ = @ @
@ K > I @ C @ @ $ C > @ @ > J > > K@ @35
A K, > K> @ >K > BG , @ B > @ @ @ > @
K P > (E L >). >K K@ I >
@ K> K > , > >K I K > @ > - @ @ @ . $
@ @ @ @ > , @ > 3 + , >>K < >K > >@
; I I @ , @K @ = @ @ > @ @ @/>3 2/>>+ ( 3 + />3 +R), , @ I , @ @ -
> >K > @ > > . @
@ @ >K J @ @ @ > @; @ @ @ ' > K I @ @ , @ @ @@ . @ E@ > @ @ @ ,= ,
=3 / 3 3>+>/(I @ > K), I > @ @@ > @.
A J @ , @ > >K >@ , I @ > @ > >K I@
> @ @ @ K @
I = @ I @ @ @ @K I @ > @ > > > @> . +
81
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@ K @ I > , @ / -@ > = @ @ @ @ B L >, I # U J
@ K: @> @ @ , > I
@ @ @ . H @> , @ $ @@ ; , @ >' >
@= @ > . + I = @J @ .
+ / -@ > = > < /3< = / + >/ 3 (> >>K _ @ @ ,` I @ @
@ @ > A @ @, >> @
@ @ > @ @ > @D @ > @ > > @, > I @ @ B L > @ > : C @
> = > K. + , >>K >> > @ B , >K @ >, I
> K @ >K . C > , = K @K, J @ > @ I
: @ @ @ K C >
> > @, @ @ @ > > @ @ @. @ @
@ > B L > K A @ > @ K> +>3 , K > @ @
. @ I K, > @ > > @ @ @ @ > < : C >/>2 =
, @ / -@ >, @ > A=.
> L @ B L > @ > I @ J3 -=3 , % @ @ , I @>K @
@ I @ > J > K I > @ > C > . +/ -@ >, > I @ I @ ,
@ J > @ > > . K > @ 3 ( B ' J @) ,
>> I @ $ > >> H = , /< +>3 @ > K @ .
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VIII. T e P( e*) a%d * e Ca#+%d+
A K @ > I @ @ @ @ @ @ > @ @ >=3 / 23=> K > > K @
I @ @ >>K @ @ > > @@ > > .
@ > K, @ > J @ > K IK > , I , I @
@ > @ @ : , =@ I @ K@ @K > @ . _A> < @ '
B , K > >,` J > G @ @ @ 1968 $ @ G I R
F .36 @ >K > > K @ J , I I I > K I J @ @ @ > K< @ > @ , , @ @
>> I K $ @@ > @ - @ K + > @ > B L > > @>K >>K I @
@ @ > > @ / / /.JJ + @ , I I I@ @ @ I @ B L >, + > @ @ @ > F @ A $ @ 1816.37 A@ @ -
@ > 1816 @ @ >> I @ :
@ , > @ > @ @ , > @ @ > B , , > , @ C I
> K @ > > > @ @ @ .@ @ @ , @ @ I > , K > K @ K > >
J > >K > I = =+ >/3< C > @K @ > K > K. ( . @ + @ K 51)
-
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% I = =>3> >3 K @ I > @ D. P B L > @ >
@ > B =+ >/3< = I > @ @-
L @ @ > > K> . A I >> =@ I@, >> >K @ @ @ @ - @ K @ , @
> @ . - >> @ @ > @ @ I > > =F @ @ , @@ @ @ @ K
@ J @ @ @ @ (1840-89).38 G @Q > $ > P , < 7 >3 + I > D .39 + @ @ B @ G P , @ @ @ > @ @
, I A> < @ ' CC I > > = @ @ @ K I
' J @ > @ K:40
=@ I I = > I @ @ , I @ > I
I =. @, @ , J @
. @ @ @ @ J @ L @ @@K @ @ @ @ . D , @ J
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@ > , I @ @ @ @ @ @.JJ
B @ G P , I @ @ > K,
> I >K A> < @ ' > L @ J I >2/ = 37/, = 7 /
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+ EL = >.
_A> < @ ' @ B , K > >.`G @
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@ > , A> < @ ' I = .
C > @ C : @ I @ > .
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@ % @ $ ' B >> KC 7 3 +> > I > @ .` C @ @ , = > @ @ K @ +>+ + /=, + /3< =,
+ =, >3 +=,@ +=>+ 2/>+=; @K I @ > = K H >> ^ _% I I I @
=,` . _ C+ =?` _+ K' @ , @ @ ,` , _ > = K K @ > @ , @
K I @ K , @ @ =@ K' @ , I @ @
> , @ @ @ @ @ , @ .
+ > @ I@ ' J > @ @, I @ > > > @, @ > @ @
> , @ > @ A , @ @ @ > @ > .JJ B > @
@ @ @ >> I . @ @ K, @ @ @ @ >> @ @ >/ 7 + = ( J-
@ ) > @ @ @ ,
K @ > I , < G W $ @ @ > @ @ @ @ A -B @
K > B :
> @C > ,@ @ @ @
> @ Q !
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ R @Q
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@M @ , W > -
@ @ >U .
> I , I @ K
+ = @ >> !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ =@ I @
@ > @ @ ,
@>K > > .
(_ J - B @ ,@ @ > , > @ , @P
P , > .`)
B , , > @ I@,
I = @ I @ > @ .
$ @I > , @ !/> _$ C+ =, >K
+ + + , = I , @ L K > >> @ @ @ :
_+ >> , @ (I > >K >> I = @ ), I C+ =?` H @ I @ @
K I > @ , @ @ @ @ @_D @' K =@ I,` = , _I IC+ = @ @
? + > = @ > @' . _ >> ' > = >> K ,` , _I K > K @ @ . @ @ # @,
@ : K > @ .C+ .D K =@ I I I
I = > @ ? + K K @ >. + > = > @ , @ K , @ K ' I >, @ I
89
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K ' @ , > = @ @, K '>> I K H >> I @ K I K @ K (1: 123)
+ > @ I@ , +3- /-=+ > , @ > I >> , > =
@ >> @ @ K @ > > @ @ @ I >/ >> @ > @ @ @ @ K >+ + /=,
>3 +=, + =, +=>+ 2/>+=@ = / + = @ @ > . @ > K, @ =
> = @ >> @ . @ , I @ H D @ $ < K, K C , @ I K
> I @ K @ .
+ >> I K > @ @ , >> I J @ > @ > > @ I >, @ I
@ @ >> @ K. = @ !/ @ @ + > - +- @ I > ' @ @ K . A@ I @
> > > = @: C , < @ >> @ @ < @ I @ > I @ K @
@ > @ > > @ @ I >> @/>2 = . @ J @ @ @ > @ @
( ) @ @ @ > > > J > , I > @ K >, <
@ @ @ @ @ >. + K > @ L @ , >
> @ @ > @ . + J
C @ > + @ I > @ >K A -B L >@ . # , F @ - > I > > @
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> K> +> > @ > - @ @ @ @ K. C > ( > ) @ >K @ @ @ @ @ < @ @ > @ >
C > @ L @ > K L @ > @ I > K >@ K >>K, K > @
> @ L I @ > I @ @ I E @ @ >> @ , @ @
@ >K > - > J @ @ @ > , @ @ > , A @ B K> , @ A @ >
B ' @ - @ > K, I I B L > K G >F K , @ @ - @ > @ >
+ K @ @ B K G @ @ @ K> : > @ @ @ I @ @ >>
# @ A . > @ @ @ @ I @ @ > @ @ J- >
@ @ , @ @ I = > @ > K @ > L @ @ > @ > @. H @
@ @ > @ > > @ @
@ @ K # @ A @ @ A -A@ >>@ .
91
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A+* (') N *e)
A $ @ >> _ * K / , I @ @ @ , > . + @ @ > >K >>
K @ G = @ > @ @ @ > =- =( I ),+3- =( ),+7 2 - =( @ , I @ I, ,
, @ = ). + ' = @ @ @ ' I @ @ , J > @ > @ @ # @;
@ @@ @ J > @ , @ @ , K > > @ > @ ' > K . > @ G = K / - @ @ ' ' @ ' >>K @ @ > @,' # @-
@ @ ' @ ' ' > '; I @@ I @ K ' K @ @ > I .' +
@ @ > @ @ > I@ I @ K > > @.`
@ L/ 3 > >3 = +>3 3>+>3=, A F >> @ @ , I > -K @ @ , I @ > @K @ @ > K: _C 3+ 7 3 3 3 :
@ @ @ > @ , > < > @ @ @ @ > , < @
` A 7 3 3 + 3> : @ > @ L @ @ > K, I > K I@ > I @ I@ ; > @
L @ K I @ , @ I > K > I I K @ . A@ @ @ @ > @K: _C > @
, @ > > , > @ @ @ > ` _A > @K K ( ) K
> @ > @ @ > @ @ ; ' > @K' > > > ` (692-3).
@ $ > P G @ ' E 73+ = /= = 2/ @ E@ > @ C+ 3>+ '
> . E @ @ @@' @ > @ @ @ I > @ 1907 @ 1909, >K.
$ @ > G > @ A< / >3 + 3 / +, @ = /+ K J G @LM> L K R L.
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J @ $ @ @ ' =@ I> # C , @ D M@ # L , _B > C K $. $ @ @ : K > > % $ @ .` + / / + / K = @ K G G R L @ D3 = /
< / += I 3+=.J _ @ @ @ J @ @ > @ @ > > I > > I @ < , I @ @
I > . H I , @ > @ K @ > @ @ > . @ I K > @ K
K > @ K. + I > @ I @>K @ > @ L @` ( @ CR 20).J K @ F @ J >> @ @ >K > @=
L @ @ @ @ @ B L > @ = = / >3 .`J + ' @ @ _
> K > >> @ @ @ , @K I I@ > @ > > , >
@ E @ > , > >K @ > > ` (188).J E H @ , _ @ , <
A R @ # , _A < @ B > > @ >.` @ + > AL ' J > K K I + /7 >/ = / > I @ : _ @ > @ K , @ @ J >K , @ @ @ @
@ K` (75). + @ > @ >> I 1744 @ (B = , @ , #).
J + > _C > @ @` @ 1928 @ # (I @ >>K @ @ @ @ K > ' @ @
@) >> I : _#' @ @ > > > @ @ @ > @ , [ @ @ @
J.` H K I >> > I @ > L K @ @ @ @ @ > (2: 351)
J K @ @ @K > @, @ I=@ I @ @ @ @ @ _ @ >
' = @ @ @ ? + I > $ @' J @@>K @ @ , I , , @ @
J @ . + > > I =@ I
94
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> > J @ K > @ @ @ K . G I @ K K I @ D. $ @ > @ >
> @ , @ b> C > I @>K K- I I @ B L > @ . + K I I @
. @ @ J , > @ K = @ @ @ I , I >>@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
> .J @ A 3>/ J >K _ I @ @ @ ,` > @ > K @ > @ @ , @ ,
@ @ @ @ = >' @ . A_ @ > K` G @ 'C+ 3 /3 @ H3=> < 3 -7+< >37+, I I > I = @
@K K @ A@ @ @ . C Y I I >> I @ J @
@ : > , , = >> @ ( I @ > @@ K I = ), , , @
I > > @ @ - > @ L @.J J >> I @ J > K : $ L'
7/==3+ 3=7 B E > C @ ' >= $/O/= (1902).
JJ ' N+ K @ B L > @ , @ K
> . _ > C > ,` , _ > @ @ @, I @ @ @>K > >>K @ > >>K >
@ @ @ @ I > @ @ I - > > > @ > . BK K ' = ,' > K ^ I I
@ > > , I > @ > @ >> , @ @ K, @@ >
@ :>3 , + + , =3 /3 >2/ +> @ @ . H _ A> < @ ` (1928), > @ > @ A= / > =+= +/= =>3 += B > >K I ' > > J -
95
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@ @ @ @ > .JJ > @ 1872 @ =/73 ++. F @ , #
G $ ' > _$ > @ QP .`
JJ A @ , + 7 @>K @ @B L > @ K @ @ @ @ K , _B , @ K A
@ > @C+ , @ A@ > @ I . A@ I +> /, I > > @ @ @ ` (227).
96
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Ed!* (') N *e)
+ >> I @ @ , @ @ @ @- > , @ @ @ J > @ @ @ A> B ' > I B L > @ @ # -B L > @ K @ @ >>
K, , @ J > @ @ .
1 + / / + / @, @@ @ @ - J @ @ K,
@ 3=>+ @
A @ @ @ @ @ > @ I@ @ A , I = @ B > R > C ' @ @ K B > @ J .2 + I _+ ` > @ @ > @
I = @ >K > => @ .
3 + @ $ Y @ K @ B L >, K, @ A @ @ . H , @@ @
+ K $ (I @ 1750 > @ I @ @ @ A ), > @ J @ @ I = > @ @
A @ @ I @ C > , @ @ @ + ' > @ @ @ > @ J @ B L
> @ > @ > I @ @ @ > I > > , > >K @ > @ > @ > A
I I > > K @ # -B L > @ > @ I@+ /3/= I J > B L > @ => @ I @ @ @ > J @ @ > @K, = @ A @
> , @ @ . + J @ @ >K
@ @ > @ , I I@ P > ( @ K - J @ @ K) I > . ++ /3/= I >>K -@ @ @ @ K, I K I @ @ @ @ >
I A @ @ + 3=>+=, + /3-/= I @ . + @ > K @ @ K
> L + /3/, < @ @ @J > - - > L @ @ @ @ >K @ J >K >
+ /3/=' > @ >K @ @ > L @ > . F@ @ @ + /3/= @ E@ > , $ , .,%2/
B+ /3/=: %2/ H3=> 2/ B2 3 / > @ @ -
> @ B L > @ ' @
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@ @ 1970 @ 80 . + @ (@ @ , >>K K) @ J >
L @ @ > I @ @ > - > > - @ - > , @ > @ 7/=>3 = @ @ A @ @ . F @ J @
@ @ @ >. + @ @ , > @ @ @
> @ > @ > K @ B L >.5 L3>/ >K @ , @ I @
K >> @ @ @ @ > @ , > -> > , > I >
> K, I >> > > . + @ > > > I I @ @ > > @, I @ K' B L >. > >K @@ > @ + >+ +=, I @ @ B L > @ @ . , C @ > , $> K > B ' @ > > . $ ' , >, @ >K @ > >I K > , K, @ B > , I > @ _ > @ >>
B L > @ ` ( H3=> F K ' B L > @ K