BOTANY AN OVERVIEW

- Dr Nidhi Sharma

BOTANY

“Study of plants”

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Includes Bacteria & viruses

Fungi

Algae

Bryophyta

Pteridophyta

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Bacteria

Microscopic 0.2mm or less

Present everywhere

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Products in our day to day life are the result of

bacteria

Curd

Cheese

Antibiotics

Streptomycin

Amoxicillin

Economic importance-Useful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Diseases in human being

Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Syphilis- Tryponema pallidum

Gonorrhoea- Neisseria gonnorhoea

Diphtheria- Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Tetanus- Clostridium tetani

Whooping cough- Bordetella pertussis

Anthrax-Bacillus anthracis

Economic importance-Harmful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Food poisoning (Botulism)-

Clostridium botulinum

Diseases in plants

Citrus canker- Xanthomonas

citri

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Viruses

Causes diseases only in plants &humans

In humans –e.g. cough & cold(caused by 100 differentviruses), measles, mumps, AIDSetc

In plants- e.g. yellow vein mosaicof bhindi, Papaya mosaic, leafroll of papaya etc

Dr Nidhi Sharma

FUNGI

Non green plants

Grow on dead & decaying organic matter and absorb

food from it

Microscopic form to large ones with big fruiting bodies

Common example is mushroom

Microscopic form Macroscopic form

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Forms which you have seen

Edible mushroom

Poisonous mushroom like toadstool

Bread mould-Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor etc

On the leaves of sarso, muli etc as black rounded

spots

Yeast –baking, brewing (bread, beer, wine)

Antibiotics- Penicillin & Cephalosporin

Cheese- Roquefort & Camembert

Dr Nidhi Sharma

In market different

forms of mushroom are

available which are

edible

Packed button mushroom

Truffles

Economic importance- useful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Soy sauce , tofu,

tempeh , miso

tempeh

tofu

Economic importance- useful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Ganoderma lucidum

tea, powder, tooth paste

Used in cancer treatment

Economic importance- useful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Crop diseases- e.g.

potato blight (cause of

irish famine in 1845)

Dandruff in human

beings-Malassezia furfur

Economic importance- harmful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Athelets foot-Trichophyton sp.

Ring worm-Trichophyton sp.

Economic importance- harmful aspect

Dr Nidhi Sharma

ALGAE

Largest producer of

carbohydrate

Range from microscopic

to giant forms

Some forms are edible

like Ulva (sea lettuce)

Agar agar extracted

from algae Gelidium-

used as a solidifying

agent in culture mediumDr Nidhi Sharma

Sometimes colour

of sea & snow

shows the colour of

algae

(Chamydomonas

nivalis)

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Causes water bloom

(Forms a layer on the

surface of dirty water)

Dr Nidhi Sharma

BRYOPHYTA

Amphibious

plant

Grows on land

as well as water

Marcantia

Anthoceros

Dr Nidhi Sharma

PTERIDOPHYTA

Grows in moist and

shady places.e.g.

Ferns

Lycopodium

Dr Nidhi Sharma

GYMNOSPERMS

Do not produce flowers but form seeds

Seeds are naked. Fruits not formed

E.g. Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra

Terpentine oil is extracted from Pinus

Chilgoza is the seed of Pinusgerardiana

Cycas (sago palm) is a source of sago

Ephedra is a source of medicine Ephedrine

Dr Nidhi Sharma

ANGIOSPERMS

Flowering plants

Produce seeds in fruit

Dr Nidhi Sharma

BRANCHES OF BOTANY

Taxonomy- science that finds, describes, classifies,

identifies, and names plants on the basis of

external features, internal features & showing

relatedness

Anatomy- study of the internal structure of plants.

Embryology- the science of the origin and

formation of new plants

Genetics- studies heredity and variation in plants.

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Ecology- deals with the distribution and abundance of

plants, the interactions among and between members of

plant species and their interaction with their environment.

Physiology- concerned with the functioning or physiology

of plants.

Biochemistry- Deals with the structure, function and

interaction of cellular components such as proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other

biomolecules

Dr Nidhi Sharma

APPLIED BRANCHES

Microbiology- The study of microorganisms.

Plant pathology- The scientific study of disease and itscauses, processes and effects in plants

Experimental embryology

Environmental sciences

Molecular genetics

Biotechnology- Application of scientific and technicaladvances in life science to develop commercial products

Soil science- Study of soil, its formation, classification,physical, chemical, biological and fertility properties ofsoils

Dr Nidhi Sharma

Dr Nidhi Sharma