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Boundless Opportunity The Impact of Cloud-Based* Services for Libraries Rachel L. Frick Director, Digital Library Federation Council on Library and Information Resources Ticer Summer School August 21, 2012

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2012 Ticer Summer School Presentation

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Page 1: Boundless Opportunity

Boundless OpportunityThe Impact of Cloud-Based* Services for Libraries

Rachel L. FrickDirector, Digital Library Federation

Council on Library and Information Resources

Ticer Summer SchoolAugust 21, 2012

Page 2: Boundless Opportunity

Cloud Based* services

Not just technical infrastructure

Distributed Services

Collections

Expertise

Page 3: Boundless Opportunity

Network Opportunities

Capacity to do more

Leverage local expertise

Amplify local excellence

Page 4: Boundless Opportunity

Macrosolutions: towards convergence

“Common to these efforts will be developing strong coalitions that bring together diverse institutions within a national framework; federating shared resources and interests, including collections, technology, and expertise; and creating a genuine, volitional dependency on other participating institutions for the provision of what was once a locally owned and managed asset. We are calling these collaborative projects macro solutions.”

CLIR Annual Report, 2009-2010, p. 3

Page 5: Boundless Opportunity

Collaboration Continuum

• Common Interest• Common Values• Convergence

http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2010/2010-09.pdf

Page 6: Boundless Opportunity

High Risk / High Reward

Requires high trust threshold / risk tolerance

Dependence on others

Less control

Page 7: Boundless Opportunity

Research Library at Web-scale

10,449,391 total volumes 

5,516,747 book titles

272,663 serial titles

3,657,286,850 pages 

468 terabytes 

124 miles = 199.5 Kilometers

8,490 tons (US) = 7702 metric tons

3,140,629 volumes (~30% of total) in the public domain

Page 8: Boundless Opportunity

Cloud Sourcing Library Collections

Managing Print in the Mass Digitized Library EnvironmentConstance Malpas, 2011

1/3 of U.S. ARL content duplicated in HathiTrust Shared Print Archiving / Collective Collections Regional Print/ Digital Archives Service Centers

http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2011/2011-01.pdf

Page 9: Boundless Opportunity

Print Archiving: network scale

ReCAP - http://recap.princeton.edu/

WEST - http://www.cdlib.org/services/west/about/

ASERL / University of Florida: US Gov Docs http://www.aserl.org/programs/gov-doc/

Maine Shared Print - http://www.maineinfonet.net/mscs/

Organizational Node: Center for Research Libraries Print Archive Community Forum

http://www.crl.edu/archiving-preservation/print-archives/forum

Page 10: Boundless Opportunity

New Metrics

How do we –

Count Collections?

Measure “quality”?

Reward high ratios of services, collections per budget $

Rate Trustworthiness

Identify good collaborators / team players?

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Page 11: Boundless Opportunity

Pause for a moment

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hckyso/3870006964/

Page 12: Boundless Opportunity

Networked Collections: not just books

Digitized Primary Resource Collections Europeana - http://www.europeana.eu/portal/ Biodiversity Heritage Library -

http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/

Scholarly Communications OA publications / IR’s, disciplinary depositories

Research Data DataOne - http://www.dataone.org/ OpenAire- http://www.openaire.eu/

Page 13: Boundless Opportunity

Challenge of Data Collections

BIG DATA vs. small data Data sharing, small science and institutional repositories. Melissa

H. Cragin, Carole L. Palmer, Jacob R. Carlson, and Michael Witt. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2010; 368(1926): 4023-4038. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0165

Preservation services Brief online interview with Sayeed Choudhry, JHU. http://youtu.be/

oWw7Ifn1Xx8

Data post production services: Access, reuse, remix

Page 14: Boundless Opportunity

Challenge of Data Collections

Researchers aligned with discipline, not institution

Restrictive campus IT policies

Not adequate network storage

Focused on publication, not curation

Data breach (privacy) top concern

Library viewed as dispensary of goods, not a data service partner.

http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub154

Page 15: Boundless Opportunity

Data Preservation Communities

Professional Organizations providing guidance International Digital Curation Centre - http://www.dcc.ac.uk/ Digital Preservation Coalition - http://www.dpconline.org/ National Digital Stewardship Alliance -

http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/index.html Open Planets Foundation - http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/

Centers that “bridge the gap” Data to Insight Center – http://d2i.indiana.edu/ D2C2 – http://d2c2.lib.purdue.edu/ UC3 – California Digital Library - http://www.cdlib.org/services/uc3/

Networks that balance the load Text Grid - http://www.textgrid.de/ DataOne - http://www.dataone.org/ Data Conservancy - http://dataconservancy.org/

Page 16: Boundless Opportunity

Why prioritize data curation services?

Data are emerging as the research output of importance Data papers, example Ecological Society ofAmerica:

http://esapubs.org/archive/archive_D.htm Data citation http://www.datacite.org/ Databib http://databib.org/

Published journal articles will be less important Metadata of the research data Gravemarker of research activity and version of dataset

Page 17: Boundless Opportunity

What are conversations on your campus?

How is the library positioning itself in your campus’ data ecology? Active Participant? Research Partner? Passive – end of process?

How is your library connected to larger data communities?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/marcwathieu/2979581445/

Page 18: Boundless Opportunity

Collections = DATA

Data sets are not just scientific and business tables or spreadsheets

Not just generated by satellites and sensors

Libraries (archives,museums): potential distributed data stores

Page 19: Boundless Opportunity

Digital Collections: Libraries’ Big Data

Page 20: Boundless Opportunity

Computational Research

Digital Humanities Digging into Data Challenge

http://www.diggingintodata.org/

CLIR publication: One Culture http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub151/pub151.pdf

Page 21: Boundless Opportunity

Case Study: Historic Newspapers

• Chronicling America• http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/

• 5 million page images from historic newspapers with OCR from organizations in 25 states

• ~ 4 million hits per day

• Traditional research: • SERACHING for stories

• Data research:• MINING newspaper OCR for

trends across time periods and geographic areas

Page 22: Boundless Opportunity
Page 23: Boundless Opportunity

Case Study: Historic Newspapers

http://www.stanford.edu/group/ruralwest/cgi-bin/drupal/visualizations/us_newspapers

Page 24: Boundless Opportunity

Data Research Service Needs

To use collections as a whole, mining and organizing and the information in novel and innovative ways

Algorithmic and visualization tools

Working with both the artifact and its data representation

Page 25: Boundless Opportunity

Data Collection Services

The ingest and inventory of such collections, other than scale, is basically understood.

How much ingest processing should be done with data collections, or collections that can be treated as data?

Do we process collections to create a variety of derivatives that might be used in various forms of analysis before ingesting them?

Do we have sufficient infrastructure to support full discovery?

Do we load collections into analytical tools?

Page 26: Boundless Opportunity

Library Service Implications

Collections as “self-serve”

If only provide access to data, do we limit it to native format or provide pre-processed or on-the-fly format transformation services for downloads?

Can we handle the download traffic?

Can our staff develop the expertise to provide guidance to researchers in using analytical tools?

Do we leave researchers to fend for themselves?

Page 27: Boundless Opportunity

The De-centered Library

Page 28: Boundless Opportunity

De-centered Networked Library

http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/beyond-themobilewebbyyiibu/128

Page 29: Boundless Opportunity

United by Brand

Page 30: Boundless Opportunity

DPLA: Library as Platform

Page 31: Boundless Opportunity
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Constellation Model:

http://s.socialinnovation.ca/files/constellation%20and%20open%20source%20article%20september08_osbr.pdf

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New Librarianship

Honesty about the limits of re-tooling

Re-think the librarian’s role in research

Crucial leadership challenge

Priorities of traditional services “Stop moving the books, okay?”

Back to Basics Collections that are unique REAL Research support Archiving, preservation, and access: distributed, but at scale

Page 34: Boundless Opportunity

Get out of the comfort zone

Take the time to ask the hard questions

Consider the possibility for radical change

Are we deciding for today? Or making the hard choice for tomorrow?

Are we network ready?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/iamthebestartist/203179552/

Page 35: Boundless Opportunity

Being ready

Research environments (including library systems) with permeable borders

Advocacy Value of “Open Data”

Facilitating information flow

Courage

http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub154/pub154.pdf

Page 36: Boundless Opportunity

Connected-ness

Bollen J, Van de Sompel H, Hagberg A, Bettencourt L, Chute R, et al. 2009 Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of Science. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004803

Page 37: Boundless Opportunity

Action, Trust and Risk

Page 38: Boundless Opportunity

Credits and Attribution

Ideas and contributions Patricia Cruse, UC3 – California Digital Library Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC Josh Greenburg, Sloan Foundation Leslie Johnston, Library of Congress Patricia Cruse, UC3 – California Digital Library Gunter Waible, Smithsonian Institution Jon Voss, History Pin – We are what we do Martin Kalfatovic – Smithsonian Institution Libraries / BHL Charles Henry and my colleagues at CLIR