br-main before reading 2. natural history 3. samuel scudder 4. louis agassiz 1. picture-talking and...

Before Reading

2. Natural History

3. Samuel Scudder

4. Louis Agassiz

1. Picture-talking and Discussion

5. Background Information

Definition of Natural History

Famous Natural History Museums

Haemulon

Eau-de-Cologne

Directions: Say something about the different ways of teaching and learning according to the following pictures. And then discuss which way you like best and why.

Picture-talking and Discussion

Study in a Traditional Way

Study in Multimedia Class

Study through Discussion

Self-study through Internet

Study with a Tutor

"Natural history" is an umbrella term for what are now usually viewed as a number of distinct scientific disciplines. Most definitions include the study of living things (e.g. biology, including botany ( 植物学 ) and zoology); other definitions extend the topic to include paleontology ( 古生物学 ), ecology or biochemistry, as well as parts of geology and physics and even meteorology ( 气象学 ).

In the 18th century and well into the 19th century, natural history as a term was frequently used to refer to all scientific studies, as opposed to political or ecclesiastical history. As such, the subject area would include all aspects of physics, astronomy, archeology ( 考古学 ), etc. This broad usage is still used for some institutions including museums and societies.

Definition of Natural History

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Directions: The most famous natural history museums in the world are listed here.

The Natural History Museum — London, BritainThe Humboldt Museum für Naturkunde — Berlin, GermanyThe following museums are in USA:The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History — Washington D.C.The Cleveland Museum of Natural History — ClevelandThe Carnegie Museum of Natural History — PittsburghThe Field Museum of Natural History — ChicagoThe Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture — SeattleThe American Museum of Natural History — New York City

Famous Natural History Museums

Samuel Hubbard Scudder (1837~1911): American entomologist( 昆虫学家 )

Born in Boston, he was graduated from Williams College and got his B.A. (1857) and then he got his B.S. at Harvard (1862). As the founder of American insect paleontology ( 古生物学 ) and an authority on Orthoptera ( 直翅目 ) and Lepidoptera ( 鳞翅目 ), he was assistant to Louis Agassiz (1862~1864), custodian of the Boston Society of Natural History (1864~1870), assistant librarian of Harvard (1879~1882), and paleontologist of the U.S. Geological Survey (1886~1892). His works include A Century of Orthoptera (1879), Butterflies: Their Structure, Changes, and Life-Histories (1881), and Fossil Insects of North America (1890).

Samuel Scudder

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BR1- Natural History 7

Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (1807~1873): Swiss-American naturalist

Born in Switzerland, he graduated in medicine (1830), worked in Paris and in 1832 accepted a professorship at the University of Neuchâtel. His early work on fossil fishes was followed by a systematic study of glaciers. In 1846 he went to America and in 1848 became professor of natural history at Harvard. Though a strong opponent of Darwin he proved himself one of the most influential (and most loved) teachers of science of his age. His A Journey in Brazil resulted from a scientific expedition to that country, but of his Contributions to the Natural History of the United States only four volumes were issued before his death, which took place while he was organizing a unique summer school at Penikese island on the Massachusetts coast.

Louis Agassiz

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Natural Histor11

Haemulon

Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter agrunting sound when caught.

Eau-de-Cologne

Beginning in the 18th century, Jean-Marie Farina started selling a fruit based alcohol solution in Cologne under the name of l'Eau Admirable, whose formula he obtained from his uncle, Jean-Paul Feminis, and whose therapeutic virtues were confirmed by Cologne College of Medicine.

This tonic preparation with its fresh and fruity scent was known as Eau-de-Cologne in France, and became immensely popular all throughout Europe. It is one of the few kinds of perfume to be widely worn by men.

In the early 19th century, another Jean-Marie Farina, heir to the founder of the legendary company and its formula, settled in Paris and became the official supplier for the Emperor Napoleon I. In 1840, he sold his business to Léonce Collas who sold it again in 1862 to Messieurs Roger and Gallet who continue producing the legendary Eau de Cologne.

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BR2- Eau-de-Cologne 6

Global Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Scanning

Table Completion

Flowchart

Parts Lines Main Ideas

1

2

3

1~ 46

47~70

71~85

Part Division of the Text

4 86~104

5 105~122

The author's first morning in the laboratory was characterized by boredom and despair.

By drawing the fish in the afternoon, Scudder discovered new features in the fish but failed to notice its most conspicuous characteristic.

The author discovered one new feature after another when he began to work in earnest and saw how just the Professor's criticism had been.

By the end of the third day, the author had learned the best entomological lesson in his life, one that was to guide his subsequent study and research.

The eight months Scudder spent studying haemulons was of greater value to him than years of later investigation into insects.

Table Completion

1

2

3

With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me.

On my return, I learned that Professor Agassiz had been at the Museum, but had gone, and would not return for several hours.

Just then the Professor returned.

4 … and he left me to my misery.

5 … and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired …

Scan the text and complete the table below by finding out the sentences showing the professor left the author and returned that day.

L.70

LL. 43—44

L.81

LL.29—30

L.10“Now,” I replied.

Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment.

Half an hour passed — an hour — another hour; the fish began to look loathsome. I was in despair.

… and with a feeling of desperation again looked at it.

… he left me to my misery. L. 50

Flowchart Scan the text and complete the flowchart below with the words, phrases or sentences in the text showing the author’s different feelings (eager, happy, disappointed, etc.) that day.

This was disconcerting. L.81

His thoroughly pleased "Of course! Of course!" repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night. LL.91—92

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Today educators stress critical thinking, which begins with close observation. Yet, the technique is not new, as we can see from this famous essay by Samuel Scudder, in which he recalls his education at Harvard in the 1850s. In the essay, Scudder relates the lesson in observation he learned under Professor Agassiz. The professor's teaching method was simple. Instead of lecturing, he directed his young student to "look again, look again."

SentenceSentence WordWord

Take This Fish and Look at It

Samuel Scudder

It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.


Samuel Scudder


Take This Fish and Look at It

Samuel Scudder



1. Analyze the structure of the sentence.

This is a long sentence. The main verb in the sentence is followed by four objects: 1) a few questions; 2) my antecedents; 3) the mode and 4) whether-clause.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.他略略询问了我来此的目的、我大致的经历、以后准备如何运用所学知识，最后问我是否希望修习某一特别学科。

Take this fish and Look at It

Samuel Scudder



enroll: v.

He is enrolled as a part-time student.

put onto the official list; (cause to) enter or join (followed by in/on)

她决定上当地夜校的计算机班。She decided to enroll in the computer course at the local evening school.

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Samuel Scudder



ground sb. in sth:

Most seven-year-olds are grounded in the basics of reading and writing.

teach sb. the main points or rules (of a subject) as a base for further study (usually passive)

The volunteers have been grounded in the prevention of the disease.

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"When do you wish to begin?" he asked. "Now," I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. "Take


"No man is fit to be a naturalist," said he, "who does not know how to take care of specimens."

this fish," he said, "and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen."






What can we infer from his reply?

The reply shows that the author is eager to do the job.






Paraphrase the sentence.

If a man knows nothing about how to look after specimens, he is not suitable to be a naturalist.






energetic: adj. full of energy; very active

We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad.

The club has the support of an energetic and enthusiastic management committee.

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specimen: n. a single typical thing or example

He has a collection of rare insect specimens. Museums will pay large amounts of money for good dinosaur fossil specimens.

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Astronauts brought back specimens of moon rock.

宇航员带回一些月球岩石的样本。

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by and by: before long; soon

You will find happiness by and by.

By and by he took over the editing of the magazine.

Text-w-by and by

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explicit: adj. clearly stated; definite

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I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.

我给了她如何来这里的非常明确的指示。

Susan was very explicit about her reasons for wanting a divorce.

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entrust: vt.

TEXT-W-entrust

make someone responsible for doing something important, or for taking care of someone

She entrusted her son's education to a private tutor.

be entrusted with sth./sb.SS

We are entrusted with public welfare funds.

我们受委托保管公益金。

She was entrusted with the task of collecting all the data concerning the project.

entrust sth./sb. to sb.He didn't look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to.

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these sacred precincts, and treated the alcohol as though it were pure water. Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment, for gazing at a fish did not commend itself to an ardent entomologist. My friends at home, too, were annoyed when they discovered that no amount of eau-de-Cologne would drown the perfume which haunted me like a shadow. SentenceSentence WordWord

I was to keep the fish before me in a tin tray, and occasionally moisten the surface with alcohol from the jar, always taking care to replace the stopper tightly. Those were not the days of ground-glass stoppers and elegantly shaped exhibition jars; all the old students will recall the huge neckless glass bottles with their leaky, wax-besmeared corks, half eaten by insects, and begrimed with cellar dust. Entomology was a cleaner science than ichthyology, but the example of the Professor, who had unhesitatingly plunged to the bottom of the jar to produce the fish, was infectious; and though this alcohol had a "very ancient and fishlike smell," I really dared not show any aversion within

these sacred precincts, and treated the alcohol as though it were pure water. Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment, for gazing at a fish did not commend itself to an ardent entomologist. My friends at home, too, were annoyed when they discovered that no amount of eau-de-Cologne would drown the perfume which haunted me like a shadow.



1. What can we learn from the sentence?

We can learn that his friends were unhappy because there was always a strong smell of fish from him.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

回家后我的那些朋友也不怎么高兴，他们发现，用再多的古龙水也驱不走幽灵般附在我身上的那股异味。



infectious: adj.1) able to be spread and caught, especially through the air (used of disease)

CF: infectious & contagious 这两个词都是形容词，都有“有感染力的”之意，但在作“传染的”词义时，二词有以下的不同。

infectious 通常指细菌、原虫等进入人体内生长、繁殖而引起的感染。这种感染主要是通过空气、食物、水、衣服等媒介传染的。例如：

Nowadays all of us know that SARS is highly infectious. I've had this cold for at least a week, so I don't think I can be infectious any more.

2) likely to influence othersHis infectious smile and sense of fun was highly reminiscent of Gedge anyway.

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contagious 主要指接触性传染，是通过接触病人、病人接触过的东西、病人的分泌物等而感染的。例如：

Measles is an infectious disease. 麻疹是一种传染病。 There is no disease more infectious than the plague. 瘟疫最易传染。

Chicken pox is a highly contagious disease. 水痘是一种高度传染的疾病。Scarlet fever is contagious. 猩红热是一种传染病。

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TEXT-W-sacred

sacred: adj.

Cows are sacred to Hindus.

SS Mount Fuji is regarded as a sacred mountain by the Japanese.

印度教徒把牛尊为神物。

holy; solemn

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commend: vt: 1) praise or approve of someone or something publicly

The judge commended her for/on her bravery. The paper was highly commended in the UK Press Awards.

2) recommend (followed by for/on)

Colleagues, I commend this report to you.

Collocation:

commend itself to sb. 被…接受；受到…欢迎 John Lennon's music commended itself to many people.

have much to commend it 很好Ian McKellen's performance had much to commend it.

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ardent: adj. showing strong feeling or desire; eager She is a woman of strong beliefs and has always given ardent support to the civil-rights movement.

He's an ardent supporter of the national football team.SS

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haunt: vt. pervade; visit frequently

A strong smell of rotten eggs haunted the room.

It was said that a headless man haunted the castle.

SS

据说，一个无头鬼经常在城堡出没。SS

TT


In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in that fish, and started in search of the Professor — who had, however, left the Museum; and when I returned, after lingering over some of the odd animals stored in the upper apartment, my specimen was dry all over. I dashed the fluid over the fish as if to resuscitate the beast from a fainting fit, and looked with anxiety for a return of the normal sloppy appearance.

This little excitement over, nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion. Half an hour passed — an hour — another hour; the fish began to look loathsome. I turned it over

and around; looked it in the face — ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways, at three-quarters' view — just as ghastly. I was in despair; at an early hour I concluded that lunch was necessary; so, with infinite relief, the fish was carefully replaced in the jar, and for an hour I was free.


TEXT-W-4








1. Analyze the structure of the first part of the sentence.This is an “Absolute Construction”, in which “This little excitement” is a logical subject while “over” is a logical predicate. Generally speaking, we can use participle, adjective, infinitive, prepositional phrase and adverb as logical predicates. More examples:*The tsunami ( 海啸 ) having destroyed their house, they had to live in a public building.*The little girl entered the room, her nose red with cold.* Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.* He slept by a computer, his fingers on the keyboard.





2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

一阵小小的兴奋过后就无事可干了，只好继续凝视着我那一言不发的伙伴。





steadfast: adj.

1) firm and unchanging

Linda has been steadfast in her refusal to sell the car.SS

The group remained steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in the newspapers.

2) faithful and loyal

那位年老的黑人对主人忠心耿耿。

The old black man remained steadfast to his master.

SS

CF: steadfast, faithful & staunch 这三个词都是形容词，都有“忠实的”之意。

steadfast 表示忠心坚定不移、不动摇，或指不变的本质、个性。不仅指人，还指保持稳定过程的事物。例如：

her boyfriend's steadfast love for her男朋友对她坚贞不移的爱

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faithful 表示坚定、不动摇地拥护某人、某事，往往与之有些连带关系，如婚姻、友谊、政治上的忠诚、感激或尊敬；还可以表示某人在得到某一职位、权力时做出的誓约、承诺。例如：

She is faithful to her beliefs.她忠实于她的信仰。

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staunch 表示信念不可动摇，忠心不移，且具有天生的抵御外来不利影响的能力。例如：

He has been a staunch supporter of the Labor Party for over thirty years.三十多年来，他一直是工党坚定的支持者。

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the blue, the steadfast, the blazing sky那片蓝色、纹丝不动、耀眼的天空

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He was a good and faithful friend.他是一位忠实的好朋友。

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The US has been a staunch ally of ours for many years.许多年来，美国一直是我们坚定的同盟者。

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look sb./sth. in the face: meet with a steady look; face bravely or without shame

I could hardly look her in the face after calling her by the wrong name.

SS


On my return, I learned that Professor Agassiz had been at the Museum, but had gone, and would not return for several hours. My fellow-students were too busy to be disturbed by continued conversation. Slowly I drew forth that hideous fish, and with a feeling of desperation again looked at it. I might not use a magnifying-glass; instruments of all kinds were interdicted. My two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me — I would draw the fish; and with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature. Just then the Professor returned.

"That is right," said he; "a pencil is one of the best of eyes. I am glad to notice, too, that you keep your specimen wet, and your bottle corked." With these encouraging words, he added: "Well, what is it like?"

SentenceSentence WordWordSentenceSentence WordWord

He listened attentively to my brief rehearsal of the structure of parts whose names were still unknown to me: the fringed gill-arches and movable operculum; the pores of the head, fleshy lips and lidless eyes; the lateral line, the spinous fins and forked tail; the compressed and arched body. When I finished, he waited as if expecting more, and then, with an air of disappointment:

"You have not looked very carefully; why," he continued more earnestly, "you haven't even seen one of the most conspicuous features of the animal, which is plainly before your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again!" and he left me to my misery.

I was piqued; I was mortified. Still more of that wretched fish! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after another, until I saw how just the Professor's criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired:

"Do you see it yet?"






SS

rehearsal: n. reciting, recounting; a practice performance of a play, concert, etc.

Is the press going to be invited in to take photographs at the dress rehearsal?

在彩排时是否要请媒体来拍照？

The band was scheduled to begin rehearsals for a concert tour.

Collocation:

call a full rehearsal 召集全体演员进行排练conduct/hold a rehearsal 举行排练be in rehearsal 在排练中a dress/final rehearsal 彩排a juiced rehearsal 电视节目预演a public rehearsal 公开预演

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fringe:

1. vt. be around the edge of something

A line of trees fringed the pool.

SS

沿池塘种着一排树。The house is fringed with flowers.

It was easier to move about on the fringe of the crowd.

2. n. 1) (decorative) edge

The jacket has leather fringes.

2) a short border of hair hanging over a person’s foreheadWe saw a tall girl with straight brown hair and a fringe yesterday afternoon.

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arch: v. provide with an arch; have the curved shape of an arch Two rows of trees arched over the driveway. The cat arched its back when it saw the dog.

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conspicuous: adj. very easy to noticeAmong the guests, Yao Ming, a giant of a man, was conspicuous. 他由于行为举止不好而引起人们的注意。

He was conspicuous for his bad manners.

SS

CF: conspicuous, noticeable & arresting 这三个词都是形容词，都有“突出的”、“值得注意的”之意。

conspicuous 指事物或某特征太明显太突出而刺激感官或头脑，并立即为感官或头脑所感觉到。例如：

The actress’ red dress was very conspicuous on the stage. 这位女演员穿的红裙子在舞台上非常显眼。

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There are several conspicuous printing errors in your paper.你的论文中有几个明显的印刷错误。

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noticeable 指事物或某特征太明显而不可避免地引起人们的注意，可作定语或表语。例如：

His long, feminine eyelashes were very noticeable.他那长长的、女性化的睫毛很引人注意。

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arresting 指事物或某特征因非同寻常而显得醒目，引人注意或给人以深刻印象。例如：

I will never forget that arresting moment.我永远忘不了那给人留下深刻印象的一刻。

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After two days there was a noticeable improvement in his health.两天后，他的身体有了明显的好转。

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Last night we went to the gymnasium to watch an arresting figure skating show.昨晚我们去体育馆观看了一场引人入胜的花样溜冰。

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wretched: adj.1) unpleasant and annoying

That wretched car broke down half way home again today.

The wretched landlord refused to have the air-conditioner repaired.

SS

2) very poor and unhappy

The wretched man hadn’t eaten in three days.

They live under wretched condition.

SS

他们在悲惨的生活条件下度日。

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The cordial greeting from the Professor the next morning was reassuring; here was a man who seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.


"No," I replied, "I am certain I do not, but I see how little I saw before."

"That is next best," said he, earnestly, "but I won't hear you now; put away your fish and go home; perhaps you will be ready with a better answer in the morning. I will examine you before you look at the fish."

This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be; but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day. I had a bad memory; so I walked home by Charles River in a distracted state, with my two perplexities.



This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be; but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day. I had a bad memory; so I walked home by Charles River in a distracted state, with my two perplexities. The cordial greeting from the Professor the next morning was reassuring; here was a man who seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.


1.What does the phrase “next best” mean both in English and Chinese?

It means “ (sth.) that is almost as good as the one you really want” in English and “ 仅次于最好的结果” in Chinese.2. Why did the professor say so?

Because the author realized that he had really known little about the fish after a day of observation.





Translate the sentence into Chinese.眼前这人跟我一样，急切地希望我能独立看出他业已观察到的事物。





perplexity: n. the feeling of being confused or worried by something you cannot understand

We were perplexed by his strange behavior.SS

In our perplexity Bohr is at hand to help us.Although my professor gave me a detailed explanation, I was still puzzled by one or two perplexities.

Collocation:

clear up perplexities 澄清令人困惑的事物face perplexities 面对令人困惑的事物great perplexity 大难题in perplexity 困惑不解地a matter of perplexity 令人困惑的问题

perplex: vt. make (sb.) feel confused and worried

The question of how the murderer had gained entry to the house perplexed the police for several weeks.

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cordial: adj. warmly friendlyRelations between the two leaders are said to be cordial.Britain and Portugal have had cordial relations for more than four centuries.

NB: cordial 常被用来修饰一些名词，例如：

a cordial smile 友善的微笑a cordial greeting 热情的问候a cordial welcome 热情的欢迎a cordial reception 热情的款待a cordial invitation 热诚的邀请a cordial atmosphere 热烈的气氛

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"Do you perhaps mean," I asked, "that the fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs?"

His thoroughly pleased "Of course! Of course!" repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night. After he had discoursed most happily and enthusiastically — as he always did — upon the importance of this point, I ventured to ask what I should do next.

"Oh, look at your fish!" he said, and left me again to my own devices. In a little more than an hour he returned, and heard my new catalogue.

"That is good, that is good!" he repeated; "but that is not all; go on"; and so for three long days he placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid. "Look, look, look," was his repeated injunction.

This was the best entomological lesson I ever had — a lesson whose influence has extended to the details of every subsequent study; a legacy the Professor had left to me, as he has left it to so many others, of inestimable value which we could not buy, with which we cannot part.







1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.他那听上去极为满意的“当然是，当然是 !” 的回答补偿了前一晚那些个不眠的小时。

2. Imagine how the author spent his previous night.

Open-ended.







Paraphrase the sentence.

After a little more than an hour, the professor came back and listened to my new findings.







1. What’s the function of the word “legacy”?

It is in apposition to the word “lesson” before the word “whose”.

2. What does the word “which” in the phrase “with which we cannot part” refer to? And what’s the meaning of this phrase in Chinese?

Here “which” refers to “legacy”. The meaning of the phrase is “ 我们决不会割舍” .







discourse:1. vi. make a long formal speech (followed by on/upon) The professor discoursed at length on environmental protection.

She will discourse on gender discrimination in some companies.

SS

她将就某些公司中存在的性别歧视发表演讲。

2. n. a serious speech or piece of writing about a particular subject The old professor embarked on a discourse about the town’s origins.

He was preparing a discourse on recent economic development in China.

SS

NB: 以上是该词作为可数名词的用法。当该词作不可数名词时，意为“严肃的对话”或“讨论” (serious conversation or discussion between people) 。例如：

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That afternoon our dean held discourse with me.

考生要对严肃的政治问题进行讨论。

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那天下午院长找我谈了话。

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Candidates should engage in serious political discourse.

TT

TT







enthusiastically: adv. in an enthusiastic manner The students participated enthusiastically in the community activities.

The film star was welcomed enthusiastically by the cheering crowd.

SS

enthusiastic adj. having or showing enthusiasm (followed by about)You don't seem very enthusiastic about the party — don't you want to go tonight

那位歌手受到了热情的接待。

The singer got an enthusiastic reception. enthusiasm n. a strong feeling of interest, admiration and eagerness

Greta was full of enthusiasm for the plan.

SS

SS

SS

TT

SS







CF: enthusiasm, passion & zeal 这三个都是名词，都有“激情”、“热情”之意。

enthusiasm 侧重指对某一目标、事业、活动等的一种强烈的好感，并常含有积极、急切地追求的含义。这个名词可用作可数或不可数。passion 侧重指强烈的、无法自持的、具有压倒性的情绪和感情，如爱好、愤怒和情欲等，含有急切渴望的意味。这个名词可用作可数或不可数。zeal 为正式用语，语义较强，侧重指对某一目标或事业等具有的极其强烈的热情，并积极投身于为达到这一目的或事业而进行的活动或不懈的努力中。这个词只能用作不可数。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words in CF. 1. He approached the job with missionary .zeal ____

2. The poet felt his burning for the woman.passion______

3. The new teacher is full of for her work.enthusiasm_________







passions_______.

4. In their to catch drug dealers, police have ignored citizens' basic civil rights.

zeal ____

5. Hate and anger are

6. We went along to the local diving club, full of enthusiasm_________.







leave sb. to one's own devices: allow sb. to deal with problems unaided

I just gave my daughter a brush and paints, and left her to her own devices.

The children were left to their own devices for an hour in the afternoon.

SS

孩子们被允许在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。SS

TT







subsequent: adj. happening or coming after something else Last year we planned to move house, but subsequent events made this impossible.

Subsequent to his visit came news of his illness.

SS

继他访问之后传来了他生病的消息。SS

TT







part with: get rid of something that you are fond of

I'm reluctant to part with any of the kittens, but we need the money.

The boy hates parting with his old toys.

SS

那个小男孩不喜欢舍弃自己的旧玩具。SS

TT


The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and I was bidden to point out the resemblances and differences between the two; another and another followed, until the entire family lay before me, and a whole legion of jars covered the table and surrounding shelves; the odor had become a pleasant perfume; and even now, the sight of an old, six-inch worm-eaten cork brings fragrant memories.

The whole group of haemulons was thus brought in review; and, whether engaged upon the dissection of the internal organs, the preparation and examination of the bony framework, or the description of the various parts, Agassiz's training in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement was ever accompanied by the urgent exhortation not to be content with them.




What can we infer from this part of the sentence?

We can infer that the author was very satisfied with the professor’s teaching method. On the other hand, we can also learn that when a person is in good mood he will think everything around is much better. A good case in point is the author’s attitude towards the odor of the fish.




What is the meaning of this part of the sentence in Chinese?阿加西兹在训练学生掌握观察事实并有序排列它们的方法时，始终谆谆告诫大家不要满足于已有的发现。




resemblance n.There was a clear family resemblance between all the brothers.

similarity; likeness (followed by between/to)

Her evidence bears no resemblance to what other witnesses have told us.

CF: resemblance, likeness & similarity这三个词都是名词，都有“相像”、“相似”之意。

resemblance 主要指外观或外在的性质。likeness 是普通用语，比 resemblance 意味更强。similarity 仅指相似，而且多指物，强调性质、特色、程度的相似或类似。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words in CF. 1. The between Susan and her sister was remarkable. resemblance __________

2. There are some striking between the two plays.similarities________3. The present crisis bears some to the oil crisis of the 1970s.

similarity_______

4. The painting is a good of you.likeness_______

5. Jane bears to her mother.resemblance__________

SS

SS




odor n. a smell, esp. an unpleasant one The taste is only slightly bitter, and there is very little odor.

We immediately noticed the heavy odor of opium in the room. Collocation:

emit/diffuse/exhale/exude/give off/send out an offensive odor

散发出难闻的气味

fall into bad/ill odor 名声变坏produce an odor 产生某种气味perceive an odor 觉察某种气味recognize an odor 辨出某种气味smell the odor of …闻到气味body odor 体臭 /狐臭

SS

SS




fragrant: adj. having a sweet or pleasant smell, esp. of flowers

The sauce itself was light, fragrant and slightly sweet. 花园里的空气又暖和又芬芳。

The air in the garden was warm and fragrant.

SS

CF: fragrance, odor & smell 这三个词都是名词，都有“气味”、“香味”之意。

fragrance 意为“芳香”、“香味”，指好闻的、清香的、新鲜怡人的气味。常指生长之物的气味，如草木花香。也可指香粉、化妆品或其散发的香味。例如：

The streets are full of fragrance of lilac after a rain.雨后街道上充满着紫丁香的气味。

SS

TT

fragrance n. a pleasant smell

The fragrance of the roses filled the room.

SS

TT

SS




odor 是个相当正式的词，常指臭味，多用于科技领域。例如：

There was an odor of formalin in the ward.病房里有福尔马林的气味。

SS

TT

smell 是个中性词，可以表示香味，也可以表示臭味。若无形容词修饰，一般指难闻的气味。

I couldn’t bear the smell of cigarette. 我无法忍受香烟的味道。

SS

TT

I prefer the faint sweet smell of flowers in his garden.我特别喜欢他花园里那种淡淡的花香。

SS

TT




be engaged (up)on/in: be busy doing; be occupied with

She's part of a team of scientists who are engaged on/upon cancer research.

They are now engaged in a legal battle with their suppliers.

SS

他们现在正在和供应商打官司。SS

TT


"Facts are stupid things," he would say, "until brought into connection with some general law."

At the end of eight months, it was almost with reluctance that I left these friends and turned to insects; but what I had gained by this outside experience has been of greater value than years of later investigation in my favorite groups.




1.Do you think the author agreed with the professor when he cited this sentence?

Yes, I think so. 2. Can you use the author’s experiences of observing the fish to prove the truth of this sentence?

At the beginning the author failed to see the general law of a fish so he felt very dull, disappointed and even piqued. At last, he was pleased and happy because he saw the general law of a fish.

3. What is the meaning of the sentence in Chinese?“ 事实是无意义的，”他常说，“除非与某种普遍规律联系在一起。”




turn to: start doing or becoming involved with (Here to functions as preposition.)

When he’s in trouble, he always turns to his sister.

SS

他处于困境时总是求助于他姐姐。Having been abused by his father, the boy was turning to crime.

SS

TT




investigation: n. a careful search or examination; systematic inquiry

The police made an immediate investigation into the explosion, which killed over twenty people.

The company is carrying out a thorough investigation of the affair.

CF: investigation, examination & inquiry这三个词都是名词，都有“寻求信息或真相”之意。

investigation 强调为求得事实而进行的仔细和系统的调查，尤指由官方进行的调查。examination 强调通过检查而寻求事实。inquiry 尤指以询问方式进行调查以寻求事实。

SS

SS




Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words in CF.

1. We're getting a lot of about our new teaching method. inquiries ______

2. All patients had a complete physical .examination__________

3. On further , it emerged that Malcolm had not been involved in the incident.

inquiry_____

4. The authorities are planning to launch a full-scale into the crash.

investigation__________

5. A private detective was hired to conduct the investigation__________.

6. My suitcases were at the Customs when I entered the country.

examined________




Collocation:

await investigation 有待调查bear investigation 经得起调查，不怕追查

（常用于否定句）

carry out/conduct/do/make an investigation 进行调查launch an investigation into 就…开展调查a criminal investigation 刑事侦察firsthand investigation 第一手调查an on-the-spot investigation 现场调查under investigation 在调查中on investigation 经过调查

5. Talk about the Pictures

1. Useful Expressions

2. Compound Dictation

3. Cue Card

4. Writing Practice

After Reading

6. Proverbs and Quotations

1. 批判性思考

2. 博物学

3. 给某人以基础训练

4. 过一会儿，不久以后

5. 详细说明

6. 不是…的合适人选

7. 感觉到

8. 一丝失望

critical thinking

natural history

ground sb. in sth.

by and by

with explicit instructions

be not fit to be

be conscious of

a passing feeling of disappointment

Useful Expressions

9. 被某人所喜爱

10. 寻找

11. 直视；勇敢 /问心无愧地面对12. 凝视

13. 绝望

14. 如释重负

15. 想出了一个绝妙的主意

commend itself/oneself to sb.

in search of

look sb./sth. in the face

steadfast gaze

be in despair

with infinite relief

a happy thought strikes sb.

16. 鼓励话 encouraging words

17. 带着失望的神情

18. 沮丧不已

19. 憋了一股劲干…

20. 心烦意乱

21. 热情的问候

22. 听任某人自行处理

23. 无法估量的价值

with an air of disappointment

to one’s misery

set oneself to one’s task with a will

in a distracted state

cordial greeting

leave sb. to one's own devices

inestimable value

24. 放弃 part with

25. 引起我美好的回忆

26. 忙于；从事

27. 满足于

28. 依依不舍地离开

bring fragrant memories

be engaged (up)on/in

be content with

leave with reluctance

29. 着手做，致力于 turn to

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Compound Dictation

One of the wonderful things about being a foreign educator in China is that Chinese students are so to learn from you. They have been from an early age to be knowledge , looking to up as much new information from their teachers as they can. Secondly, Confucian education demands a high degree of respect for teachers. The title "Lao Shi" is one of in Chinese society, though teachers tend to be poorly paid. Even greater is the respect in China for foreign teachers or "foreign experts" as they are called. Despite the fact that most foreign experts in China have no previous as teachers of English as a foreign language but are employed as such, the Chinese government welcomes their contribution by a respectful title upon them. Thus, Chinese students hold their foreign teachers especially in high regard, which is perhaps why so many people

eager______trained______ sponges______

soak____

reverence________

expertise_______

bestowing________

who come to China to teach end upstaying here longer

___________________________________________.

■

American young people are less accepting ofinformation at face value, preferring to evaluate for themselves as to

whether or not what the teacher says is true or useful

It would be hard to find this level of appreciation for teachers among American students. Young people in the U.S. have a somewhat different attitude toward educators; they are taught to question, not simply absorb,

American students may reject their teachers, confronting them and even publicly disagreeing with them as part of the learning process.

so they decide for themselvesif a teacher is credible

__________________________________________.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________.

Cue Card

There are three cue cards showing different aspects of being an ideal teacher. You are required to talk about them according to the words listed on the card. You will have one minute to prepare and each of you will have one and a half minutes to make your presentation.

Directions:

For Candidate 1

Please talk about the qualities an ideal English teacher should have according to the following aspects.

•Personality —- lively; attractive

•Capacity for sympathy

•Intellectual honesty

For Candidate 2


•An actor

•Being strict

•A good relationship with students

For Candidate 3


•Being knowledgeable

•Special teaching methods

•Experience of being abroad

A Brief Introduction Up to now we have dealt with some different ways to develop

essays such as cause and effect, comparison and contrast and example. However, in real writing sometimes we only use one of these ways to develop a paragraph, but very often we will use different ways to do so in order to make our essays more coherent, impressive and convincing.

Writing Practice

An Example

The following is an essay about an Egyptian pharaoh. When you read it you’d better pay close attention to the different ways the author uses in this passage. After you read it, you have to answer the following questions:

How many writing methods the author uses in this passage? What are they?

Can you pick out the transitional words used in this passage?

The author uses two writing methods in this passage. They are: 1) cause and effect 2) example.

They are: because, so, Consequently, so that, For example, As a result.

1.

2.

Homework

You are required to write a composition on the topic “A Teacher I Respect Best”. When you write you should use more than two different writing methods. And your composition should be more than 150 words.

Talk about the Pictures

1. Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself.

2. Like teacher, like pupil.

A man becomes learned by asking questions. 3.

善问者终成学问。

师傅领进门，修行在个人。

什么样的老师教出什么样的学生。

Proverbs and Quotations

Men learn while they teach. 4.

教学相长。

5.

教师的影响是永恒的；无法估计他的影响会有多深远。 —— 美国历史学家 H. B. 亚当斯

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. — H. B. Adams, American historian

Education is the movement from darkness to light. — Allan Bloom, American philosopher

6.

教育使人从黑暗走向光明。 —— 美国哲学家 A. 布卢姆

7.

教育的主要目的不是为了获取事实，而是要学会如何使事实具有生命力。 —— 美国作家、医生 O. W. 霍姆斯

The main part of intellectual education is not the acquisition of facts but learning how to make facts live. — Oliver Wendell Holmes, American writer and physician

br-main before reading 2. natural history 3. samuel scudder 4. louis agassiz 1. picture-talking and...

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