br-main before reading 2. word-web 3. background information 4. warm-up questions 1. spot dictation...

Before Reading

2. Word-web

3. Background Information

4. Warm-up Questions

1. Spot Dictation

5. Discussion

6. Topic-related Prediction

Directions: Listen to the following and fill in the blanks.

Can we live without them? On the one hand, we don't want to . But on the other, we don't want to lie to them. There is, however, ,as you will discover in the short talk you are about to hear. White lies are so much a part of our everyday lives that most of us probably don't even realize when we've . But it doesn't really matter, since

hurt other people's feelings______________________a way out of the dilemma____________________

let one slip_________a white lie isn't a real lie___________________ .

White lies are those little lies that we tell to

Of course , white lies can be avoided by , but so often the "if you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all” motto doesn't work becausepretending you didn't hear the question

staring into space or

we are expected to say something____________________________ .

■

avoid causingembarrassment

Spot Dictation

________________________________________________

________________________.

Directions: Figure out the expressions with the word “lie”.

Word-web

LIE

"Watergate" is a general term used to describe a complex web of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. The word specifically refers to the Watergate Hotel, one of the plushest hotels in Washington D.C.

"Watergate" has entered the political lexicon as a term synonymous with corruption and scandal. It was here that the Watergate Burglars broke into the Democratic Party's National Committee offices on June 17, 1972.

The story of Watergate has an intriguing historical and political background, arising out of political events of the 1960s. But the chronology of the scandal really begins during 1972, when the burglars were arrested. By 1973, Richard Nixon had been re-elected President, but the storm clouds were building. By early 1974, the nation was consumed by Watergate. Nixon made three major speeches on the Watergate scandal during 1973 and 1974.

Watergate Scandal

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Background Information

Political investigations began in February 1973 when the Senate established a Committee to investigate the Watergate scandal. The Committee uncovered the existence of the secret White House tape recordings, sparking a major political and legal battle between the Congress and the President.

In 1974, the House of Representatives authorized the Judiciary Committee to consider impeachment proceedings against Nixon. Nixon's last days in office came in late July and early August, 1974. The House Judiciary Committee voted to accept three of four proposed Articles of Impeachment of the President.

The final blow came with the decision by the Supreme Court to order Nixon to release more White House tapes. Around the country, there were calls for Nixon to resign.

At 9 pm on the evening of August 8, 1974, Nixon delivered a nationally televised resignation speech. The next morning, he made his final remarks to the White House staff before sending his resignation letter to the Secretary of State, Dr. Henry Kissinger.

The Watergate brought down Richard Nixon, and had profound consequences in the United States.

Nixon died in 1994 and was eulogized by the political establishment, although he was still a figure of controversy.

Watergate Scandal 6

For more than 30 years, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein preserved an extraordinary secret: the identity of the source known as Deep Throat, who helped inform the stories The Post published in 1972 and 1973 exposing what became known as the Watergate Scandal. They kept the secret despite extraordinary pressure on The Post from the White House, including charges that Deep Throat was an invention; through the hearings and impeachment proceedings that led to President Richard M. Nixon's resignation in August 1974; and despite endless speculation about the source's identity in the years afterward. Mr. Woodward, now a Post editor, and Mr. Bernstein, who no longer works here, said that they had made a commitment not to reveal Deep Throat's identity until after his death. W. Mark Felt, former deputy director of the FBI, confirmed that he was Deep Throat. He revealed his role in part because of his family's belief that he deserves to be honored for his actions while he is alive.

Deep Throat — the follow-up of the Watergate Scandal

■

Mr. Felt, now 91, was a dedicated servant of the FBI, and no softie: He was outraged that the Nixon White House brazenly interfered with the FBI's investigation of the burglary of Democratic Party headquarters in June 1972 and by what he saw as Mr. Nixon's attempt to gain control over the FBI for political purposes. Risking dismissal or prosecution, he began meeting with Mr. Woodward secretly to confirm The Post's reporting about the funding of the operation and about other illegal acts by the president's top aides. Deep Throat was crucial to the paper's reporting of Watergate. Had Mr. Felt remained quiet, Mr. Nixon might have succeeded in one of the most serious abuses of power ever attempted by an American president. It's worth remembering that this landmark victory for the rule of law also depended on the secret patriotism of a source named Deep Throat — that is, Mark Felt. It's nice to be able to honor him by his real name while he still lives.

Richard Nixon’s China Tour

On February 21 ， 1972 ， American President Richard Nixon's special plane arrived at the Beijing Capital Airport ， greeted by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhou said to Nixon ：” You are extending your hand across

■

the vastest ocean of the world for a handshake with me. There has been no exchange between our two nations for 25 years.” Nixon said: “This is a handshake by the Chinese and US leaders across an ocean and a confrontation of 20-odd years ， signaling the opening of a new chapter in the Sino-US relationship.”

On the day when Nixon arrived in Beijing, Chairman Mao Zedong met him and they talked for more than an hour. The Chinese and US sides agreed to use “serious and frank” to describe the talks between Mao and Nixon.

The two sides put forward their common grounds as well as differences in the Shanghai Communique, an unprecedented practice in world diplomacy. President Richard Nixon's ice-breaking China tour shook the world.

Warm-up Questions

Have you ever had the feeling that you were compelled to tell lies, though you did not want to? If yes, under what conditions are you inclined to lie? How do you feel after you tell such lies?Some people say that white lies are not lies. What is your position on this issue?Do you consider white lies necessary in social life?

1.

2.

3.

Discussion

Suppose you are in trouble. When your parents call you and ask how you are, will you tell them a lie by saying that you are fine or tell them the truth? Discuss in pairs or in groups.

1.

Tips:

It was reported that a son gave one of his kidneys to his mother who had to receive kidney transplantation to survive, but he told her a white lie that the transplanted kidney was another person’s or donator’s. He said that he would not tell her the truth until the last minute of her life. Discuss in groups on the topic whether he is a great son because of his conduct.

2.

A: I tell lies to my parents in such cases because I do not want them to worry about me. When I am in trouble, I try to deal with it myself. It is no use telling them the truth. If I tell them that I am ill, or depressed, or something, they will be uneasy. They may even come to the school to see me, which will influence their work. Telling a white lie by saying “I am fine, terrific, or excellent” will make them feel at ease, and make me more mature to handle my own problems. After all, I am an adult now. B: I will not tell such white lies. If I am in trouble or ill, I will tell my parents the truth, but in the meanwhile, I will tell them not to worry about me. No matter what the trouble is, I myself can cope with it, because I have the ability to do so. Telling them the truth and assuring them of your ability to solve your own problems is much better than telling the so-called white lies. The white lies may bring no harm to your parents, but they do a great harm to yourself. You may form the habit of telling not only the white lies but also real lies. In a word, white lies erode your honesty.

Topic-related Prediction

From the title “The Truth about Lying”, what can you infer the “truth” might be?What might be the author’s attitude towards “white lies”? (Positive or negative)

1.

2.

Global Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Further Understanding

For Part 1 Questions and Answers

For Part 2 Table Completion

For Part 3 True or False

3. Text Analysis

Parts Lines Main Ideas

1

2

3

1~8

9~117

118~130

Part Division of the Text

The reason why the writer finds it difficult to write on the subject of lying and how she is going to deal with the difficulty in composing the essay.

The writer discusses four types of lies and tells us what she thinks about them respectively.

How the author feels we should cope with the question of whether or not to lie.

Questions and Answers

1. How does the author begin the passage?

He begins the passage by telling the readers his feelings about the subject of lying: he found the topic interesting, challenging, difficult, thought-provoking, and puzzling.

Which sentence in the first part of the text tells us the author’s purpose of his writing this passage?

The last two sentences but one of the first paragraph: I’d like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I’ll tell you what I think about them.

2.

Questions and Answers

Directions: In this part, the author listed four types of lies, and respectively, gave their definitions, the views of the majority, her own viewpoints, counter-arguments, and examples. Scan this part and fill the following table.

Table Completion

The view of the majority

My (The author’s) viewpoint

Counter-arguments

Examples

Lies that avoid embarrassment or pain in social interaction.

Definition

Acceptable and necessary.

I basically agree with the majority.

False, morally wrong; They destroys credibility.

Comments on ugly hairdo, hideous presents, homely kids, warmed-over coffee.

1. Social lies



Counter-arguments

Examples

Lies that are designed to avoid irritation or argument.

Definition

Many people tell such lies to avoid troubles without hurting anyone. They consider such lies wise.

I’ tell such lies though feeling guilty.

People who tell such lies are cowards, dodging their responsibilities.

The exchange between Dave and Elaine; Laura’s point of view.

2. Peace-keeping lies



Counter-arguments

Examples

Lies that are supposed to be in the interests of the person we are lying to.

Definition

It is justifiable and more valuable to tell such lies.

Such lies sometimes must be told.

It’s wrong to tell such lies. The lies break trust.

Lying to the dying about their health state, to one’s children on marital matters, etc.

Table Completion

3. Protective lies



Counter-arguments

Examples

Lies that are told to keep a trust.Definition

They must lie to keep their promises.

Some lies are necessary and acceptable, while others are not.

Telling such lies can be painful. People do not want to be told the truth/fact.

Fran’s attitude; Watergate.

Table Completion

4. Trust-keeping lies

Directions: In this part the author put forth his general attitude about telling lies. Scan this part and decide whether the following statements are true or false.

All of us are born with the talent for telling lies.

There are those who have no talent for lying.

The author’s friend (Para. 38) felt that he/she had to tell the truth because he seldom succeeded in lying and felt guilty about lying.

F ( )

T ( )

1.

2.

True or False

It is implied in the remark of the author’s friend (Para. 39) that lying should never be our first choice. T ( )

3.

The explanation the author’s friend made about his/her telling lies suggests that all lies are justifiable and therefore acceptable.

The author’s friend said that he himself did not accept the lies he told even though others might accept them completely.

In the author’s opinion, those who tell lies should not take lying for granted.

F ( )

T ( )

4.

5.

Text Analysis

Directions: In this text the author uses the rhetorical device: parallelism. Parallelism is the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses. Parallelism makes a text coherent and the language forceful and impressive. For example, “What about you?” (L.15, L.37, L.45, L.72, L.92, L.105, L.117, L.130) Scan the text and find other sentences (or structures) that are paralleled.

L.16“Will you say to people, … ( )

“Will you praise…”

“Will you decline…”

“Do you, …”

“They may lie to…”

“Do you believe…”

L.19( )

L.20( )

L.47, L. 49, L. 51, LL. 64—67( )

L. 79—81( )

L.106—L.110( )

Text Analysis

Before you read this essay, take a few moments to consider various lies you have told: Under what conditions are you tempted to lie? When have you actually lied? Why did you do so? Can you generalize about the types of lies you habitually tell? Are you irritated when people lie to you? In what circumstances might lying be acceptable? Once you begin to think about it, it seems that the truth about lying is not quite as straightforward as one might suppose.

Text

SentenceSentence WordWord


tempt: vt. attract, lure

The warm sun tempted us to go swimming.

A second helping tempted us, but we refused the offer.

SS

又一道菜吸引了我们，但我们还是拒绝了。

Pattern: be tempted to do sth. 很想做某事 He was tempted to walk out after supper. 我很想问问刚才发生了什么事。

I am tempted to ask what happened just now.

SS

Tempt

SS

SS

TT

TT



generalize: vt. make a general statement (about); form an opinion after considering a small number of facts

It is wrong for you to generalize hastily that all the Chinese are wealthy after you meet three rich Chinese businessmen.

SS Don’t generalize; it isn’t fair to say all women drivers are bad just because one knocked you known.

你遇到三个有钱的中国商人就匆忙下结论说所有的中国人都富有，这是不对的。

Generalize

SS

TT


The Truth about LyingJudith Viorst


I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree?

Social Lies Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying

acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?




Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

Social Lies





1. Why is the second “never” in the sentence italicized?

The second “never” is italicized for emphasis. 2. Paraphrase the sentence.

As to what we can tell lies about and what we can never tell lies about, all the people I have talked with have their own strong viewpoints and cannot tolerate those who hold different views from them.

3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.所有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎 —— 什么事情绝对不可以说谎 —— 持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。





1. What does “it” refer to here?

it 是形式主语，实际主语是 to insist on… with your honesty 。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

他们说，如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏，不由自主地用你的诚实使他们陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，这只能说你是傲慢？




Social Lies


intrigue:

Hibernation has long intrigued biologists. The food is an intriguing combination of German and French.

SS

1) vt. arouse the interest or curiosity of; fascinate, puzzle

这条新闻引起了我们大家的兴趣。The news intrigued all of us.

SS

2) vi. make a secret plan; engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot

The ministers were intriguing for their own gains. 那些政客因阴谋反对政府而被监禁。Those politicians were imprisoned for intriguing against the government.

SS

SS

TT

SS

TT





Collocation:

intrigue against the government 密谋反对政府intrigue with 与…合谋

intrigue sb. out of office 用阴谋革除某人职位





intolerant:He was intolerant of ignorance.

adj. unable or unwilling to endure

青蛙经受不住严寒的天气。

Frogs are intolerant of severe cold weather.

SS

CF: intolerable & intolerant 这两个词都是形容词，词根都是 tolerate, 但词义不同。

intolerable 是“令人无法忍受的”，近义词为“ unbearable” 。例如：

His behavior at the dinner party is intolerable.他在晚宴上的行为令人难以忍受。

SS

TT

intolerant 为“不宽容的 , 偏狭的”，近义词为“ bigoted, impatient” 。例如：

这个人不能容忍别人反对他。TT

The man is intolerant of opposition.SS

SS

TT





ultimate: adj.

1) final, eventual, last

We are hoping for the ultimate victory.

The union leaders declared that the ultimate aim of their struggle was to get pay increase and improved working conditions for the workers.

SS

工会领导人宣称他们斗争的最终目的是要增加工人工资和改善工作条件。

2) fundamental; elemental

It is an ultimate truth that Tibet is a part of China. 3) utmost; extreme

He felt the ultimate insult when she said such words to him.

SS

TT

SS

SS





civilized: adj.1) showing moral and intellectual advancement; humane, ethical, and reasonable

The terrorists attacking the World Trade Center in New York shocked the civilized world.

SS 恐怖分子袭击纽约的世贸中心震惊了整个文明世界。

2) cultured; polished; polite and good-mannered

Such a civilized behavior is praiseworthy.

TT

SS





arrogant: adj. unpleasantly self-important, over-proud

The nobleman has an arrogant contempt for the weak.

The boss’s son was arrogant to all the employees.

SS

老板的儿子对所有的雇员都傲慢无礼。SS

TT





incorruptible: adj. honest and uprightThe president ordered that all his subordinates should be incorruptible.

Mr. Smith is a man of incorruptible integrity.

SS 史密斯先生是一个廉正不阿的人。

SS

TT





compulsive: adj. caused or conditioned by compulsion or obsession

Compulsive drinking is bad for one's health.

The study concluded that there are about 4.4 million compulsive gamblers altogether in the U.S.

SS

这项研究得出结论：美国大约共有四百四十万嗜赌成瘾者。

Pattern: have a compulsive desire to do sth. 情不自禁想做某事 NB: compulsive 和 compulsory 都是形容词，词根相同且形似，但意义不

同。前者指 “随心所欲、不加节制的”；后者指 “强制的、必须的”。例如：

compulsive smoking 不加节制的吸烟compulsive gambler 嗜赌成瘾者

compulsory education 义务教育

compulsory course 必修课程

SS

TT





assail: vt.

1) attack violently

The army assailed the town before the daybreak.SS

2) cause sb. to experience unpleasant thoughts or feelings; trouble

He was assailed with worries about his son’s illness. SS


TEXT-s-2

Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"?

Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids?

Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos?

And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm" instead of "The soup" — which tastes like warmed-over coffee — "is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?






1. What does “up a storm” mean?

With great enthusiasm and energy.

2. Paraphrase the sentence.

You have prepared a large and impressive meal.

Text-s-1





Social Lies


SS

hideous: adj.

When I was doing my experiment yesterday, I heard hideous noises from the nearby construction site.

TEXT-W-hideous

having a terrible effect on the senses, esp. shocking to the eyes or ears

He suffered a hideous fate when the enemy caught him.

昨天我做实验时听到附近建筑工地上传来可怕的噪音。

SS

TT





Social Lies


SS

evasion: n.

Evasion of one’s responsibility is contemptible.

1) the act of getting out of the way or escaping The prisoner’s evasion of the lawyer’s questions convinced the jury he was guilty.

逃避责任是可鄙的。

SS

He responded to criticism of his theory with vague evasions.

2) a statement or action that avoids what should be said or done

The minister’s speech was full of evasions.

他用含糊的遁词来回答别人对他的理论所做的批评。

SS

TT

SS

TT





SS

proclaim: vt. announce publicly or officially

On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao solemnly proclaimed in Beijing the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

New regulations on the wages for holiday jobs in the college were proclaimed.

1949年 10月 1日，毛泽东在北京庄严宣布中华人民共和国成立。

Collocation:

proclaim a law 公布一项法令proclaim war against 对…宣战

publicly proclaim 公开宣布

Text-w-proclaim

SS

TT


TEXT-s -3

There's one man I know who absolutely refuses to tell social lies. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way." And his answer to the argument that saying nice things to someone doesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does — it destroys your credibility." Now, he won't, unsolicited, offer his

My friend does not indulge in what he calls "flattery, false praise and mellifluous comments." When others tell fibs he will not go along. He says that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is morally wrong. What about you?

views on the painting you just bought, but you don't ask his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those moments when the rest of us liars are muttering, "Isn't it lovely?" is, for the most part, eloquent enough.



TEXT-w-3







1. What does “play the game” mean?

“Play the game” means “telling social white lies”.

2. What does “be made that way” mean?

“Be made that way” means “have the inborn quality of telling such lies”.

3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

“ 我不会那一套，”他说，“我生来就不会那一套。”





1. What does “it” refer to? “It” refers to “the argument”, and “the argument” is in apposition to “saying nice things to someone doesn’t cost anything?”


讲到对人家说几句好听的话并不失去什么，他的回答是：“不对，当然有损失 —— 那会损害你的诚信度。”

TEXT-S-3.2





1. Paraphrase the sentence. If you do not ask him to comment on the painting you just bought, he won’t give his opinions; If you do not want to get a frank comment, you don’t ask his frank opinions. While we the liars are giving a false comment “What a lovely painting” on your newly bought painting, he keeps silent, without saying anything. His silence mostly indicates that he is unwilling to tell such social lies.

TEXT-S-3.3

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.因此，如果你不问他，他不会对你刚买来的画发表意见，但如果你不想听老实话，你就不去问他的真实想法。当我们这些说谎者轻声称赞着“多美啊”的时候，他的沉默往往是极能说明问题的。





credibility: n. the quality, capability, or power to elicit belief

“America's credibility must not be squandered, especially by its leaders.” Dr. Henry Kissinger said.

SS No one doubted the credibility of the report made by the research group.

TEXT-W-credibility

“ 美国的信誉不能被丢掉，尤其是不能被这些领袖们丢掉。”亨利·基辛格博士说。

CF: credible & credulous 两者都是形容词，有共同的词根，但意义不同。credible 指“可信的，值得信赖的”，名词形式为 credibility ，意思是

“可信度”。例如：

credulous 指“轻信的，易于相信别人的”。名词形式为 credulity ，意思是 “轻信度”。例如：

The judge concluded that he was innocent because he had a credible witness.

He was credulous enough to believe the manufacturer's claims.

SS

TT

SS

SS





unsolicited: adj.

I won’t air unsolicited opinions on this controversial issue.

SS Jane doesn’t like to comment on others, and never gives unsolicited opinions.

就这个有争议的问题 , 如果没有人问我，我不会主动发表意见。

not asked for, unrequested, unsought

SS

TT





eloquent: adj.

1) able to make good speeches that influence the hearersChris is an eloquent speaker and he had an excellent performance in the recent debate.

马丁·路德·金是位雄辩的演说家 , 他在 1963年发表了著名的演说“我有一个梦想”。Martin Luther King was an eloquent orator, and he delivered a famous speech “I Have a Dream” in 1963.

SS

2) expressive or showing sth. very strongly though without words

The healthy appearance of the children is eloquent enough of the wealth of the nation.

SS

TT

SS





TEXT-W-indulge

indulge: vt. allow oneself or sb. else to have too much of sth. enjoyable

I indulge my interests in flowers for several years by planting a large garden.

The football fans indulged their patriotism, waving flags and singing their national anthems.

SS

他对他的孩子太放任了。 He indulges his children too much.

SS

indulge in 沉湎于 Some students indulge in playing computer games.

Fishing, swimming and dancing can be indulged in there.

SS 在那里可以尽情钓鱼、游泳和跳舞。

SS

SS

TT

TT

Pattern:





mellifluous: adj.(of words, music, or a voice) sounding pleasant and flowing

The girl stood by the door, singing with a mellifluous voice.

“What kind of drink do you want?” The stewardess asked me with a mellifluous voice.

SS

“您需要什么饮料？”空姐问我，声音甜美。SS

TT


Peace-Keeping Lies

Many people tell peace-keeping lies: lies designed to avoid irritation or argument, lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies (or so it is rationalized) designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone.

I tell these lies at times, and yet I always feel they're wrong. I understand why we tell them, but still they feel wrong. And whenever I lie so that someone won't disapprove of me or think less of me or holler at me, I feel I'm a bit of a coward, I feel I'm dodging responsibility, I feel… guilty. What about you?

Do you, when you're late for a date because you overslept, say that you're late because you got caught in a traffic jam?

Do you, when you forget to call a friend, say that you called several times but the line was busy?

Do you, when you didn't remember that it was your father's birthday, say that his present must be delayed in the mail?







Peace-Keeping Lies







What does “keep trouble at bay” mean?

Keep from trouble; “keep… at bay” is a phrase which means “keep someone or something some distance away”.

Peace-Keeping Lies







1. What does “think less of me” imply?

“Think less of me” implies “look down upon me” or “scorn me”.


每当我为了不让别人讨厌自己、看轻自己、或冲着自己嚷嚷而说谎时，我总觉得自己有点像个懦夫，觉得自己是在逃避责任，觉得……愧疚。

Peace-Keeping Lies







irritation: n. the condition of being irritated; vexationThe manager tried to conceal his irritation at the foreman’s delay.

With a private car, there will be no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxies.

SS

有了私人小汽车 ,也就没有了等候公共汽车或出租车带来的烦恼。SS

TT

Peace-Keeping Lies







SS

shelter: v.

1) provide cover or protection for

The film shelters the plant from direct sunlight.

In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.

2) find protection, take an enclosure offering protection 下雨了，人们在商店的门口躲雨。SS

TT

Peace-Keeping Lies







SS

rationalize: v. give reasons for

How do you rationalize your research methods?

He tried to prove that he was not at fault, but he was obviously rationalizing.

他想证明错不在他 , 但他显然是在找借口自圆其说。SS

TT

Peace-Keeping Lies







SS

disapprove of: v. have or express an unfavorable opinion about

Professor Smith disapproves of students taking part-time jobs.

Mary wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove of the idea.

玛莉想做个演员，然而父母不赞同她的想法。

disapprove of

SS

TT

Peace-Keeping Lies







holler: v. yell, shout, complain

“You are late again,” the boss hollered at the worker.

“Let go”, the policeman hollered at the robber who was gripping the woman’s arm.

holler

SS

SS

Peace-Keeping Lies







dodge: v. avoid by a trick or in a dishonest way

The politician kept dodging the reporters’ questions at the press conference.

Tom boasts of dodging military service by feigning illness.

dodge

SS

SS

Peace-Keeping Lies


TEXT-S-4

And when you're planning a weekend in New York City and you're not in the mood to visit your mother, who lives there, do you conceal — with a lie, if you must — the fact that you'll be in New York? Or do you have the courage — or is it the cruelty? — to say, "I'll be in New York, but sorry — I don't plan on seeing you"?

(Dave and his wife Elaine have two quite different points of view on this very subject. He calls her a coward. She says she's being wise. He says she must assert her right to visit New York sometimes and not see her mother. To which she always patiently replies: "Why should we have useless fights? My mother's too old to change. We get along much better when I lie to her.")


TEXT-W-4






Reading everything that stood before me was how I came upon a worn old book that had belonged to my father as a child. It was called Sanford and Merton.

Paraphrase the sentence.

And when you’re planning to spend your weekend in New York City, where your mother lives, but you don’t want to visit her, do you tell her a lie, if necessary, by telling her that you won’t be in New York?

TEXT-S-4.1




SS His moods change very quickly; one moment he is cheerful, and the next complaining about his life.

阳光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.

mood: n. a state of feelings at a particular time

Collocation:

in the mood to do sth. /for sth. 想做某事 ; 有做某事的兴致a man of moods 喜怒无常的人in a melancholy mood 闷闷不乐in a merry mood 心情愉快

SS

TT




TEXT-W-mood 2

CF: mood, humor & temper 这三个词都是名词，都含“心情”、“情绪”的意思。

mood 指“在某一特定时间内由某种感情或欲望而引起的心情或心境” , 例如 :

humor 指“在某一特定时间内由性情或感觉而决定的心境” , 特指“某一时刻的心情” , 例如 :

She is in a merry mood.她心情愉快。

SS

TT

He wept and laughed as his humor moved him.他因情绪波动而又哭又笑。

SS

TTtemper 除指“心情”、“情绪”外 , 尚有“性情”、“脾气”的含义 , 例如 :

He has a good temper.他脾气好。

SS

TT




The teacher asserted his control over the students by making them be quiet.

He asserted in the court that he was innocent.SS

assert: vt. defend or maintain (one’s rights, etc.)

TEXT-W-assert

Collocation:

assert one’s right to do sth. 维护做某事的权利assert sth. to be true 断言某事是真实的assert national independence 维护民族独立

SS


"I used to have a romantic idea that part of intimacy was confessing every dumb thing that you did to your husband. But after a couple of years of that," says Laura, "have I changed my mind!"

And having changed her mind, she finds herself telling peace-keeping lies. And yes, I tell them too. What about you?

Protective LiesProtective lies are lies folks tell — often quite serious lies —

because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personal gain, but because they believe it's for the good of the person they're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.

Finally, do you keep the peace by telling your husband lies on the subject of money? Do you reduce what you really paid for your shoes? And in general do you find yourself ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break things?

Text-s-5

SentenceSentence WordWordSentenceSentence WordWord


And having changed her mind, she finds herself telling peace-keeping lies. And yes, I tell them too. What about you?Protective Lies

Protective lies are lies folks tell — often quite serious lies — because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personal gain, but because they believe it's for the good of the person they're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.








Translate the sentence into Chinese.

你犯了荒唐的错误或丢失了物品抑或是打碎了器皿时，是不是常常发觉自己想对他撒谎，而且会撒谎？

Text-s-5.1




Protective LiesProtective lies are lies folks tell — often quite serious lies —

because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personal gain, but because they believe it's for the good of the person they're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.



1. What does “romantic” imply?

Unrealistic, wrong.


过去我往往不切实际地以为把自己所做的每一件蠢事都如实告诉丈夫是亲密关系的一部分。

Text-s-5.2





Finally, do you keep the peace by telling your husband lies on the subject of money? Do you reduce what you really paid for your shoes? And in general do you find yourself ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break things? Reading everything that stood before

me was how I came upon a worn old book that had belonged to my father as a child. It was called Sanford and Merton.

1. What does this sentence imply? They tell lies even though they know it is wrong to do so, because they feel some human values, such as making others happy, are more important.

2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

他们说谎，因为他们认为，人的某些价值观念压倒了说谎这一错误行为本身。

Text-s-5.3






intimacy: n. the condition of being intimate and close (followed by with/between)

Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended.他是日本通 , 很可能被委派为驻日大使。

His intimacy with Japan makes him the likely choice as ambassador to that country.

SS

SS

TT






supersede: v. take the place of; displace

The old methods have been superseded by the new.

The use of machinery has superseded manual labor.

SS

机器的使用已经取代了手工劳动。 SS

TT


TEXT-S-6

They may lie to their children on money or marital matters.

They may lie to the dying about the state of their health.

They may lie to their closest friend because the truth about her talents or sonor psyche would be — or so they insist — utterly devastating.

I sometimes tell such lies, but I'm aware that it's quite presumptuous to claim I know what's best for others to know. That's called playing God. That's called manipulation and control. And we never can be sure, once we start to juggle lies, just where they'll land, exactly where they'll roll.

And furthermore, we may find ourselves lying in order to back up the lies that are backing up the lie we initially told.

And furthermore — let's be honest — if conditions were reversed, we certainly wouldn't want anyone lying to us.


TEXT-W-6














What does “playing God” mean?

Behaving as if one has the right to make very important decisions that seriously affect other people’s lives?

TEXT-S-6.1








1. What does the sentence imply?

TEXT-S-6.2

The sentence implies that sometimes we are forced to tell lies because we have to support the lies we told.


而且，我们会不知不觉地为了圆先前说的谎言而说谎。








marital: adj. of or relating to marriage

None of us know his marital status.

Mr. Brown is an expert in marital problems in the modern society.

SS

TEXT-W-marital

布朗先生是位现代社会婚姻问题专家。

Collocation:

marital relations 婚姻关系marital problems 婚姻问题marital status 婚姻状况

marital discord 夫妻不和

SS

TT








TEXT-W-devastatin g

devastating ： adj.

1) completely destructive

She looks devastating.

SS

The storm that attacked the village was devastating.

2) (informal) very good

His jokes were completely devastating.

她美极了。SS

TT

SS








TEXT-W-presumptu ous

presumptuous ： adj.

He is presumptuous enough to think that everybody worships him.

It is too presumptuous of him to do so.

SS

他这样做太放肆了。

going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward

SS

TT








TEXT-W-juggle

juggle

1) keep (more than two activities, for example) in motion or progress at one time

The accountant went to prison for juggling his firm's accounts.

SS Sally managed to juggle a full-time job and homemaking.

2) deal with, esp. with ingenuity or by deception

会计因涂改公司的账目而入狱。SS

TT


Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies must nonetheless be told. What about you?

Trust-Keeping LiesAnother group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve

triangulation, with A (that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most people concede that once you've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about.

"I don't tell lies for myself," says Fran, "and I don't want to have to tell them for other people." Which means, she agrees, that if her best friend is having an affair, she absolutely doesn't want to know about it.

"Are you saying," her best friend asks, "that you'd betray me?" Fran is very pained but very adamant. "I wouldn't want to betray you,

so…don't tell me anything about it." Fran's best friend is shocked. What about you?



Another group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve triangulation, with A (that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most people concede that once you've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about.




Trust-Keeping Lies

Trust-Keeping Lies







What does “have an affair” mean?

Have a love affair; have a romantic and sexual relationship between two people who are not married to each other.







concede: v. acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit

He conceded us the right to walk through his land.

The Conservative Party conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known.

SS

SS

Trust-Keeping Lies







adamant: adj. impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding

总统下了决心 ,坚决惩治那些贪官污吏。

He's so adamant that however hard I tried to persuade him to join us he did not change his mind.

SS

The president is adamant in his determination to punish the corrupt officials.

SS

TT

Trust-Keeping Lies


TEXT-W-8

Do you believe you can have close friends if you're not prepared to receive their deepest secrets?

Do you believe you must always lie for your friends?Do you believe, if your friend tells a secret that turns out to be quite

immoral or illegal, that once you've promised to keep it, you must keep it?

And what if your friend were your boss — if you were perhaps one of the President's men — would you betray or lie for him over, say, Watergate?

As you can see, these issues get terribly sticky.It's my belief that once we've promised to keep a trust, we must tell

lies to keep it. I also believe that we can't tell Watergate lies. And if these two statements strike you as quite contradictory, you're right — they're quite contradictory. But for now they're the best I can do. What about you?








TEXT-w-sticky

sticky: adj.

1) having the property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive

The boy’s fingers are sticky with sweets.

She fell in the sticky mud and could not get out of it.2) painful or difficult; awkward

The nuclear problem of DPRK is a rather sticky diplomatic problem.

Collocation:

a sticky day 闷热的一天a sticky situation 困难的境地sticky weather 湿热的天气

a sticky diplomatic problem 一个棘手的外交问题

SS

SS

SS








contradictory: adj. involving, causing opposite opinions or inconsistency

The politician’s statement was contradictory to the one he had made earlier in the same week.

What you said just now is contradictory to the fact.

SS

你刚才所说的话与事实相矛盾。SS

TT


There are those who have no talent for lying."Over the years, I tried to lie," a friend of mine explained, "but I

always got found out and I always got punished. I guess I gave myself away because I feel guilty about any kind of lying. It looks as if I'm stuck with telling the truth."

For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a last resort —the truth's always better."

"Because," he explained, "though others may completely accept the lie I'm telling, I don't."

I tend to feel that way too.What about you?




For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a last resort — the truth's always better."









Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而，对于我们这种善于说谎的人来说，对于我们这种说谎而又一般不露馅的人来说，说谎还是不说谎会成为一个严肃的道德难题。




For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a last resort — the truth's always better."



resort:

Collocation:

a health resort 疗养地a pleasure resort 游乐胜地a summer resort 避暑地have resort to force 诉诸武力

1) a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation

This fast food restaurant is one of his favorite resorts.

2) a person or thing that one goes or turns to for help, support, etc.

Her only resorts when she is alone are sewing and watching TV.

the last resort 最后手段 ; 最后的解救办法without resort 无计可施

1. n.

SS

SS







2. vi. make use of, turn to… for help (followed by to)

She resorted to stealing when she had no more money.SS

The government resorted to censorship of the press. SS

5. Debate

1. Useful Expressions

2. Flowchart

3. Dictation

4. Role Play

After Reading

6. Writing

7. Proverbs and Quotations

1. 在 … 条件下

2. 归纳

3. 在 … 情形下

4. 得出结论

5. 社交性谎言

6. 文明的方式

7. 正直无畏

8. 以…袭击

under…condition(s)

generalize

under...circumstance(s)

reach a conclusion

social lies

civilized way

incorruptible and brave

assail…with

Useful Expressions

9. 基本赞同

10. 相貌平平的孩子

11. 某某人

12. 饭菜太丰富了

13. 生来不会那一套

14. 虚假的赞美

15. 息事宁人的谎言

basically agree

homely kid

so-and-so

cook up a storm

be made that way

false praise

peace-keeping lies

16. 使某人免受 shelter sb. from

17. 避免麻烦

18. 逃避责任

19. 碰上堵车

20. 想要做某事

21. 隐瞒事实

22. 行使权利

23. 根据

keep trouble at bay

dodge responsibility

get/be caught in traffic jam

be in the mood to do sth.

conceal the fact

assert one’s right

on the grounds of/that

24. 有风流韵事 have an affair

25. 出卖某人

26. 棘手的问题

27. 露馅

28. 最后一手

betray sb. /give sb. away

sticky issue

give oneself away

the last resort

The rise of the issue (The subject of lying me; There is no conclusion; There are puzzles concerned with lying.) → (The view of the most people: acceptable, necessary, ; otherwise , nasty, unnecessarily embarrassing; my view: . Examples) → peace-keeping lies (definition; my view: Such lies shelter the liar from keep trouble at bay, hurt no one, avoid fights, but sometimes I feel wrong, and guilty. Examples) → (reasons for and occasions of telling such lies, my view and feeling on this topic) → trust-keeping lies (definition, my view: whether I tell such lies depends on contradictory) → conclusion ( I am willing to lie because others may completely accept the lies, but . )

intrigues and challenges

Directions: The text is well organized with a beginning, a main body, and an ending. Fill in the following blocks and blanks of the flow chart to get a clearer picture of the text structure.

___________________ultimate _______

social lies ________civilized________ brutish_______

I basically agree with the most people______________________________blame or

painprotective lies ___________

the situation__________,lying is my last resort_________________

Flowchart

____________

When I enrolled in the course Advanced Mathematics, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Smith. He was an old-fashioned gentleman, formally dressed, soft spoken, and cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, of being steadfast in one's efforts, and of not being content with what you have learned. There was no doubt that teaching math was something sacred to him. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.

KEY

Direction: Write down what you hear.

■

Dictation

Role Play

Act out the lies we usually tell in some situations. Form a group of three students. One student introduces the situation, and the other two make a dialogue. The four types of lies listed in the text should be covered.

Directions:

Debate

Form a debate group of eight students. Four of them choose the positive side, while the other four the negative side. The topic is “Are white lies really unharmful?” The positive side argues that white lies are unharmful, while the negative side asserts that white lies are harmful.

Directions:

How to write letters of personal apology

In the text we know that on some occasions, telling lies by inventing a false excuse seems necessary. However, in most cases, telling truth should be recommended. If we fail to do something we are supposed to do and may hurt others, a sincere letter of apology will make them understand us and ease their unhappiness.

A letter of apology should be clear and concise with reasons given.

Preparation for Writing

Writing

Example 1

Tuesday Oct. 20

I’m sorry I couldn’t make our 3 o’clock appointment yesterday. My meeting lasted a lot longer than I expected. I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3, if that is convenient for you. If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, #342, tomorrow morning.

Thanks, Zhang San

Dear Prof. Smith,

Example 2

3rd July John, I am terribly sorry I failed to meet you at the school gate yesterday afternoon. I had one of the bike tires punctured on my way, and by the time I had the puncture mended and got to school, you must have given up hope and left. Do please forgive me. George

Example 3

May 15

I’m sorry to have to tell you that I shall not be able to come to the party, because I have a bad cold. I do hope you have a good time.

Mary

Susan,

Homework

The following are some situations. You are required to write a letter of apology for each of the situation.

Directions:

You failed to show up at a dinner party because of the heavy load of a research paper.You broke a social engagement.You have made an appointment with your friend, but you will have another engagement, which is more important.As the manager of the supermarket, you write a letter of apology to a customer’s complaint about the poor service.

1.

2.3.

4.

1. One lie needs seven lies to wait upon it.

2. Lies have short legs.

Lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneliness in the midst of the crowd. We yearn for the comfort of familiar lies to create more amenable reality. — Howards Mel, USA writer

3.

说谎掩盖了人死的必然性、缺陷、恐惧、焦虑和在熙熙攘攘的人群中所感到的孤独。耳熟能详的谎言会创造一个较易应付的现实，人渴望从这些谎言中得到安慰。

—— 美国作家梅尔

一次撒谎装得像 , 得有七次假话帮。

谎言总是站不住脚的。

Proverbs and Quotations

One may sometimes tell a lie, but the grimace that accompanies it tells the truth. — Friedrich Nietzsche

4.

人有时可能会撒谎，但撒谎时的怪相会告诉我们真相。 —— 尼采

5.

在人的交往关系里，善意和谎言抵得上很多真理。 —— 格林

In human relations, kindness and lies are worth a thousand truths. — Graham Greene

br-main before reading 2. word-web 3. background information 4. warm-up questions 1. spot dictation...

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