BRAHMI GHRITA

PRESENTOR : DR PRABHAKAR MANU 2ND YEAR PG SCHOLAR DEPARTMENT OF MANASA ROGA SDM COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA AND HOSPITAL,HASSAN1

CONTENTS Introduction References Rasa Panchaka Parts Used Shelf Life Indications Dosage Anupana Research works done

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INTRODUCTION

Brahmi Ghrita is one of the important ghrita preparation that is widely used in maanasika vikaras.

It can be used both as shamananga or shodhananga abhyanthara sneha.

Its main content is Brahmi ; thus conferring it its name.

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REFERENCES Charaka chikitsa 10/25बराहमीरसवचाकषठशङखपषपीभिरव च|पराण घतमनमादालकषमयपसमारपापनत||२५||

Ash Hru Uttara 6/25-26उनमादकषठापसमारहर वनधयासतपरदम||२५||वाकसवरसमतितमधाकद धनय बराहमीघत समतम| Susrutha Chikitsa 28/6बराहमीसवरसपरसथदवय घतपरसथ तिवडङगतणडलाना कडव दव दव पल वचामतयोदवा4दश

हरीतकयामलकति5ीतकातिन शलकषणतिपषटानयावापयकधय साधयियतवा सवनगपत तिनदधयात, ततः पव4तिवधानन मातरा यथा5लमपयञजीत, जीणE पयः सरपिपGरोदन इतयाहारः, पव4वचचातर परीहारः, एतनोधव4मधसतिसतय4क कमयो तिनषकरामनतिनत, अलकषमीरपकरामतित, पषकरवण4ः सथिसथरवयाः शरततिनगादी तितरवरष4शताय4वतित; एतदव कषठतिवरषमजवरापसमारोनमादतिवरषतगरहषवनयरष च महावयायिधरष सशोधनमादिदशनतिनत ||६||

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Cont…

Acc to Ashtanga Hrudaya :Brahmi Swarasa = 2 PrasthaGhrita = 1 PrasthaTrikatuTrivrutBrahmiShankhapushpi 1 Tola Each SapthalaVidanga

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Cont…

Acc to Charaka

Brahmi SwarasaVachaKushtaShankhapushpiPurana Ghrita

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Cont…

Acc to Sushruta :

Brahma Swarasa = 2 PrasthaGhrita = 1 PrasthaVidanga Tandula = 2 KudavaVacha , Trivrut = 2 pala eachTriphala = 12 Pala

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RASA PANCHAKA

DRUG RASA GUNA VEERYA VIPAKA KARMA

BRAHMI TIKTHA LAGHU SHEETHA MADHURA K P HARA

VACHA KATUTIKTHA

LAGHUTIKSHNA

USHNA KATU K V HARA

KUSHTA TIKTHAKATU

LAGHURUKSHATIKSHNA

USHNA KATU K V HARA

SHANKHAPUSHPI TIKTHA SNIGDHAPICHILA

SHEETA MADHURA TRIDOSHA HARA

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Sharangdhara Samhita madhyama khand 99

PARTS USED

Brahmi – Whole Plant Vacha – Stem Shankhapushpi – Whole Plant Kushta – Stem Ghrita - Purana

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INDICATIONS Unmada Apasmara Graha Gulma Prameha Kasa Vandhya Kushta Lakshmikara

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DOSAGE

1 Pala to 4 Pala (A.H U 6/25) पलवदधया परयञजीत पर मातरा चतषपलम|

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ANUPANA

It is usually administered with warm water

In case of Panchakarma when the patient is not able to take (specially bhiru , baalak and vridhha rogi) sneha then pravicharana sneha will be planned which includes milk, tila & guda

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SHELF LIFE 24 months ??? Purana Ghrita ??? Brahmi Ghrita has higher acid value than Purana Go

Ghrita . This indicates that during the process of Snehapaka, hydrolysis of Ghrita takes place, which may be promoted by the reaction of the triglycerides in the Ghrita with the active ingredients present in Brahmi Ghrita, resulting in glycerol and free fatty acids. High amounts of free fatty acid (Acid Value) favor a decrease in the quality of the Ghrita. This shows that quality (nutritive), stability, and shelf life of Brahmi Ghrita is less than that of Go Ghrita.

Yadav KD, Reddy KRC, Agarwal A. Preliminary physico-chemical profile ofBrahmi Ghrita. Ayu. 2013;34(3):294-296. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.123130.

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Research works done on Brahmi ghrita Anticonvulsant potential of commonly practiced formulations

of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.) in Wistar rats S. Sahu, G. Dutta, N. Mandal, et al.Anticonvulsant effect of Marsilea

quadrifolia Linn. on pentylenetetrazole induced seizure: a behavioral and EEG study in rats J Ethnopharmacol, 141 (2012), pp. 537–541

From the present study, we can conclude that both the formulations of B. monnieri i.e. Brahmi Ghrita and Saraswatarishta have promising anti-convulsive activity with better restorative effects. Phenytoin has been proven to be most significant as compared to herbal drugs in controlling convulsions but the oxidative damage by the drug can be controlled or sidelines by the use of concurrent Ayurvedic polyherbal treatments. This scientific evidence for the Ayurvedic therapies can make effective health care and patient friendly medication for convulsions. Further elucidation of mechanism of action and drug drug interaction would open a new avenue in herbal biotechnology.

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A study to evaluate bacoside A in Brahmi Ghritaby HPTLC method Jyoti S. Gubbannavar, H. M. Chandola, Renuka Kalyani1, V. J. Shukla1Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikriti Vijnana, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujrat, India

Context: Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn. Pennel), the main ingredient of Brahmi Ghrita is a popular Medhya drug referred in Ayurvedic classics. Recent advances have established the action of bacoside, one of the constituents of Brahmi in various psycho‑neurological disorders. Aim: Present study was planned to detect bacoside A and to do quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacoside A in Brahmi Ghrita using standard bacoside A sample through HPTLC method. Materials and Methods: Stationary phase was precoated silica gel GF 254 and mobile phase was dichloromethane: methanol: water (4.5:1.0:0.1 v/v/v). The plate was scanned and quantified at 254 nm for bacoside A. Result: The correlation co‑efficient of bacoside A was found to be 0.9989 or 20% in 5 μl Brahmi Ghrita sample. Conclusion: The study confirms the presence of bacoside A in Brahmi Ghrita. The correlation coefficient of bacoside A wasfound to be 0.9989 or 20% in 5 μl Brahmi Ghrita sample. The simple, accurate and cost‑effective HPTLC method can be utilized for the routine analysis of quantitative determination of bacoside A in Brahmi Ghrita.

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Nephroprotective effect of Brahmi GhritaISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2015; 3(2): 05-07 © 2015 JMPS

Deo, Yadav Kapil, and K. R. C. Reddy. "Nephroprotective effect of Brahmi Ghrita." Journal of Medicinal Plants 3.2 (2015): 05-07.Abstract

Brahmi Ghrita is an important formulation used in treatment of learning and memory disorders. It contains Brahmi (Bacopa monneri), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) and old clarified butter (Puran Ghrita). Here an attempt was done to assess the effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Serum creatine and Serum Urea in experimental animals. For this purpose, Brahmi Ghrita was prepared as per standard Sneha paka process mentioned in our classics. For experimental study one of those animals were selected which have high Serum creatine and Serum Urea level. These animals were divided in three groups, among them one was an experimental control group and animals of the other two groups were treated with Brahmi Ghrita in a dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of rats. After period of one month haematological parameters, Serum creatine and Serum Urea was examined. It was observed that Brahmi Ghrita significantly decreases Serum creatine in dose dependent manner and have no adverse effect was observed on haematological parameters

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Evaluation of the efficacy of Brahmi ghrita in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats using Cook’s pole apparatusMunshi R et al. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jun;5(3):829-833

Results: Scopolamine as expected showed a decrease in CAR as compared to normal control after 4 hours and, after 24 hours. Brahmi ghrita significantly improved the conditioned avoidance response (CAR), at both 4 and 24 hours, demonstrating its memory protective effect. Piracetam also showed decrease in CAR. Brahmi ghrita improved the serum and brain MDA levels significantly as compared to the Scopolamine. However Piracetam further augmented the oxidative stress induced by scopolamine. Brahmi ghrita also decreased the AChE activity (increased by scopolamine administration) emphasizing its memory protective effect. Piracetam was seen to increase the acetylcholine esterase (AChE)activity.Conclusions: Thus, the study demonstrated the efficacy of Brahmi ghrita as an anti-amnestic, anti-oxidant and AChE inhibitor.

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Encouraging effect of Brahmi Ghrita in amnesiaYadav, Kapil Deo, K. R. C. Reddy, and Vikas Kumar. "Encouraging effect of Brahmi Ghrita in amnesia." International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) 7.2 (2013).

Context: Brahmi Ghrita (BG) contains Brahmi (Bacopa monneri), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) and Puran Ghrita, prepared as per sneha paka process. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the learning and memory activity of BG in Amnesic rats. Materials and Methods: The Learning and memory activity of BG (400 and 800 mg/kg, per oral) was evaluated in scopolamine (1 mg/kg, sub cutaneous) challenged rats, using elevated maze plus, passive avoidance test and active avoidance test. Results: BG treated scopolamine challenged rat demonstrated a significant decrease in transfer latency in modified elevated plus maze test and increase in step through latency in passive avoidance test compared to control rats in a dose dependent manner. BG treated rats took significant less number of total trials, shock trial and total time for jumping into safe compartment. Conclusion: BG antagonises the action of scopolamine.

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Hepatoprotective Activity of Brahmi ghrita

Yadav et al / hepatoprotective activity of Brahmi Ghrita IJPBA, Jul - Aug, 2013, Vol. 4, Issue, 4 ABSTRACTBrahmi Ghrita contains Brahmi (Bacopa monneri), Vacha (Acorus

calamus), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricalis) and Purana Ghrita, indicated for treatment of Apasmara and Graha disorders. This Ghrita was used for evaluation of its Hepatoprotective activity. For this purpose, animals were obtained from animal house and only those animals were selected which have abnormal liver function test. These animals were divided in three groups A, B and C namely control, Brahmi Ghrita 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight treated groups. Brahmi Ghrita was administered orally for period of one month. After one month animals were scarified and biochemical parameters were studied. It was observed that total serum bilirubin was reduced from 1.47 to 0.5, 0.57 mg/dl, alkaline phosphate from 378.72 to 311.52, 83.27 unit/liter, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase from 123.67 to 83.33, 41.17 unit/liter and serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase from 131.23 to 76.64, 52.5 unit/liter in dose dependent manner.

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ASSESSMENT OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF THE TRADITIONAL INDIAN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION BRAHMI GRITHAM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Sabina et al. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 6, Issue 11,347-351

Results: Brahmi gritham showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in the elevated levels of plasma glucose, serum liver and renal function markers and total cholesterol. The formulation was also effective in restoring normal total protein and albumin levels in the serum of experimental rats.

Conclusion: The study revealed significant antidiabetic potential of Brahmi gritham in the experimental rats indicating its role in the effective management of diabetes.

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A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on DepressionDeole YS, Chandola H M. A Clinical Study on Effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression.AYU 2008;29:207214A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out with the aim to evaluate the anti depressant and psychoactive effect of Brahmi ghrita on depression. Total 42 patients fulfilling the DSMIV criteria for major depressive episode were registered for study. Out of 42, 35 patients completed the treatment. In these, total 25 patients were managed with Brahmi ghrita and 17 with placebo capsule. In the former group, 20 patients completed the treatment, whereas in the later,15 patients completed treatment. Specialized Ayurvedic rating scales like Manasa Pariksha Bhava, Manasa Vibhrama Pariksha as well as Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (H.D.R.S.) was adopted to assess the effect oftherapy. The effects were also examined on Chief complaints and associated complaints of depression. When effect on H.D.R.S. was analyzed, Brahmi ghrita showed moderate improvement in 50% patients and mild improvement in 35% patients. Its total effect was statistically highly significant (p<0.005) as compared to placebo. Also, in overall effect, Brahmi ghrita resulted in moderate improvement for 40% patients and mild improvement for 55% patients, which is statistically significant at 1% level as compared to placebo.

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Beneficial effect of Brahmi Ghrita on learning and memory in normal ratKapil Deo Yadav, K. R. C. Reddy, and Vikas Kumar Ayu. 2014 Jul Sep;35(3): 325–329. doi: 10.4103/09748520.153755 PMCID: PMC4649568

Results:BG and piracetam treated rats demonstrated a significant decrease in transfer latency in modified elevated plus maze test and increase in step through latency in passive avoidance test compared with control rats in a dose dependent manner. It may be due to increase in learning and memory. It was also reported that prolonged use of Bacopa monneri (L.) Pennell causes elevation of cerebral glutamic acid and transient increase in gamma aminobutaric acid, which may be helpful in the process of learning.Conclusion:Brahmi Ghrita enhances learning and memory as analogous to standard drug (piracetam) in normal rats.

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Evaluation of CNS activity of Brahmi GhritaAchliya G S, Wadodkar S G, Dorle A K. Evaluation of CNS activity of Bramhi Ghrita.Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:3336

OBJECTIVE: To eavaluate the CNS activity of Bramhi Ghrita, a polyherbal formulation containing Bacopa monneri,Evolvulus alsinoids, Acorus calamus, Saussurea lappa and cows ghee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of Bramhi Ghrita on motor coordination, behavior, sleep, convulsions, locomotion and analgesia was evaluated in mice using standard procedures. RESULTS: The formulation exhibited reduced alertness, spontaneous locomotor activity and reactivity. It also antagonized the behavioral effects of damphetamine, potentiated the pentobarbitoneinduced sleep and increased the pain threshold. Bramhi Ghrita protected mice from maximum electroshock and pentylene tetrazole induced convulsions.

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Impact of Brahmi Ghrita on Cognition in Damaged Liver.Yadav, Kapil Deo1 Reddy, K. R. C.2 Gupta L. N.3 Kumar Vikas4

International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences. May2014, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p3507-3511. 5p. Brahmi Ghrita consists of a high percentage of Ghrita and

mentioned for the treatment of Unmada and Apasmara. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate its effect on liver. Brahmi Ghrita was prepared by using Bacopa monnieri, Acorus calamus, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Sassurea lappa as per standard procedure of Sneha kalpana. The effect of this Ghrita was assessed on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase and alkaline phosphate activity along with its cognitive function (assessed on elevated maze plus and passive avoidance) in the dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight on animals. Cognitive functions (learning and memory) of the treated animals increased, where as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphate decreased. Brahmi Ghrita increases cognitive function and decreases the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphate level in animals. 25

PsychoPharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi GhritaDeole YS, Ashok B K, Shukla V, Ravishankar B, Chandola H M. PsychoPharmacological study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi Ghrita.AYU 2008;29:7783

This research is carried out with the aim to study anti depressant and anxiolytic effect of Brahmi ghrita, which comprises Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn),Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn),Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois) and Kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke) processed in cows ghee. Brahmi, which is the main ingredient of the formulation, is proven for its Tranquilizing, Smooth muscle relaxant, Nootropic, Nerve tonic, Adoptogenic, Anti stress, Anxiolytic, Anti depressant, Memory booster, learning facilitator effects. Vacha has sedative, analgesic and tranquilizing effects. Kushtha shows anticytotoxic, diuretic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, spasmolytic, immunostimulant activity. Shankhapushpi has spasmolytic, hypotensive, sedative, antiinflammatory, antistress, anti anxiety effects. Considering these activities, Brahmi ghrita is studied on experimental models such as Gross behaviour test, Anti depressant test and Anti anxiety test on Swiss Albino mice of either sex. The trial drug showed mild hyperactivity in gross behaviour and dose dependent mild anxiolytic effect in open field behaviour and Elevated plus maze test. Dose dependent variation in effect of Brahmi ghrita is observed in behaviour despair test, as it is mild stimulant at lower dose and depressant at higher dose. It showed significant potentiation of LDOPA activity in comparison to water control, but the effect was insignificant in comparison to ghrita control. Thus it showed complex nature of pharmacological activity.

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EVALUATION OF BRAHMYADI GHRITA FOR IMPROVEMENT IN LEARNING AND MEMORY OF HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN.Suryakant, Pusadkar Santosh, and More Nandini Anand. "EVALUATION OF BRAHMYADI GHRITA FOR IMPROVEMENT IN LEARNING AND MEMORY OF HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN." (2015).

Apart from regularly used formulation Brahmi Ghrita, a different one titled Brahmyadi Ghrita comprising of Brahmi, Siddharthak, Vacha, Sariva, Kushtha, Pippali, Saindhav lavan; processed in cow ghee is mentioned in Ashtanghridaya especially for various CNS conditions of children.Thus, the present study was undertaken to prepare & standardized and established the drug (BG) and investigates the effects on cognitive function of children. Improvement in learning and memory activity was studied using JPIP test for numerical ability and test of higher mental ability in science in children of age group 10 to 16 years. BG of study group and goghrita of control group was administered in one dose of 10 gms per day to participant.Scores was recorded and analyse statistically by using‘t’ test and ANOVA for result. In this study it showed that learning and memory is significantly (p < 0.005) increased in children after 30 days of BG treatment of study group compared to goghrita of control group and plain group.

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