brain computer interface/brain machine interface
TRANSCRIPT
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Brain Computer InterfaceTechnology
SiddhantRK1R06-B37
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Fiction to Reality
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Mind Machine Interface ( M M I )
Direct Neural Interface ( D N I )
Brain Computer Interface
B C I
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CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Principle
3) History
4) Terms Related To Brain computer Interface Technology
5) BCI Approaches
6) Working of Brain Computer Interfaces
7) Researches & Applications of BCI
8) Disadvantages of BCI
9) Future Applications
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Introduction
A brain-machine interface is a communication system
that does not depend on the brains normal output
pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles.
New communication linkfunctioning human brain------------------outside world
Electronic interfaces with the brain which have
ability to send and receive signals to and from brain.
Signals from brainCOMPUTER
via IMPLANTS
for data entry without any direct interaction with brain
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PRINCIPLEThe main principle behind this is the
Bioelectrical activity of muscles and nerves.
Neurons work in complex logic and
produce thoughts and signals that control
our body.
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HISTORYHans Berger was the 1st to discover
Human Brains Electrical activity.
In 1924 Berger recorded HBA by means ofEEG(Electroencephalography).
Research on BCIs began in 1970s.
In the mid 1990s prosthetic device was implanted
in human beings for the 1st time.
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Some Notable Research Groups
1) Richard Andersen
2) John Donoghue
3) Phillip Kennedy
4) Miguel Nicolelis
5) Andrew Schwartz
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Terms Related to BCI
1) Microelectrode Arrays :These devices contain multiple plates through
which neural signals are obtained or delivered.
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2) Prosthetic :
It is a Greek term which means attachment.
Prosthetic is an artificial device extension that
replaces a missing body part.
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3) EEG (Electroencephalography) :It is the recording of electrical activity
along the scalp.
EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting
from ionic current.
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4) ECoG (Electrocorticography) :It is the practice of using electrodes placed
directly on the exposed surface of thebrain to record electrical activity from the
cerebral cortex.
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4) Data Acquisition :
Conversion of analog waveforms into digitalsignals for processing.
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BCI Approaches
Invasive
Semi-Invasive
Non-Invasive
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INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
Implanted directly through neurosurgery Rests in Grey matter
Signals - Highest Quality
Scar Tissue build up
Target Repairing damaged sight
Providing mobility to persons suffering from paralysis
Artificial Vision System
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SEMI-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
Implanted inside the skull
Outside the brain
the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that isplaced above the cortex, beneath the dura mater
Based on Ecog
Signal Quality Much Better than Non-Invasive
Scar tissue Lower risk than Fully Invasive
1st
tried in humans in 2004
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NON-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
No Surgery Required
No electrodes implanted inside the head
Based on EEG Signal Quality Poor (because of the skull)
Applications -
Power muscle implants
Restore partial movements
Virtual Gaming
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Diagrammatic Representation
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Detailed Block-Level Diagram of
Brain Computer Interfaces
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>>>>>>>>>>> WORKING
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RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS On
Brain Computer Interfaces
RATS implanted with BCI in Bergers Experiment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MouseBCI.jpg -
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Rhesus Monkey in Nicoleliss Research at
Dukes University
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WAPWALK AGAIN PROJECT
(MIGUEL NICOLELIS)
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BCIs and Brain Controlled Wheel Chair
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HONDAs Brain Computer Interface
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DISADVANTAGES of BCIs
Headache
ExhaustingLaziness Degenerate
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FUTURE APPLICATIONS
of
Brain Computer Interfaces
Linking people via chip implants to super intelligent machines
creating in effect, super humans.
These cyborgs will be onestep ahead of humans.
And just as humans have always valued themselves above
other forms of life, it is likely that cyborgs will look down onhumans who have yet to evolve.
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