BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN

HIRA NOOR

ZOHA NAEEM

SAMEER AHAD HAQ

CONTENTS

• What is Brain Drain

• History of brain drain

• Reasons for brain drain

• Brain drain in Pakistan

• Reasons of brain drain from Pakistan

• Effects of brain drain

Positive effects

Negative effects

• Measures to stop brain drain

• Conclusion

WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN?

• The loss of skilled, intellectual and technical labor through

their movement to more favorable geographic, economic, or

professional environments.

• It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically

skilled people from one country to another country.

• Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it

resembles the case of capital flight.

HISTORY OF BRAINDRAIN

• The term originated about 1960.

• In 1960, many British scientists

and intellectuals emigrated to the

United States for a better working

climate.

• Its meaning has broadened into:

the departure of educated or

professional people from one

country.

Neil Bohr

Albert Einstein

WHY BRAIN DRAINS?

• Lack of better opportunity

• Political instability

• Health risks

• Personal conflicts

• Poor Conditions of Service

• Disregard for Local Talent

• Economic under development.

WHY BRAIN DRAINS?

• Lack of research and other facilities

• Lack of freedom

• Poor working facilities

• Unsuitable institution.

• Desire for a better urban life

• Desire for higher qualification and recognition

• Lack of satisfactory working conditions.

• Europe as “GREEN PASTURES” for doctors

• Lack of variety in specializations

• Disregard for local degrees

• Lack of job opportunities

• Merit systems

• Lack of infrastructure

• High corporate tax rate

REASONS FOR BRAIN DRAIN

• Lack of scientific tradition and culture

• Over production and under utilization of HQM.

• Discrimination in appointment and promotion.

• Lack of research and other facilities

• Income inequalities

• Ten times more earning than home country.

REASONS FOR BRAIN DRAIN

• Receiving of millions of dollars in shape ofremittance sent back to Pakistan every year.

• Creating space for freshmen here.

• Population decrease.

• People bring technology, skills and new ideas from abroad.

• Higher rate of people starting capital intensive

enterprises.

POSITIVE EFFECTS

• Money remittance has reduced the severity of

poverty to some extent.

• Money sent are invested in education, housing

and health.

• Improved quality of education by insuring

international standards and training.

• Improved competitiveness in home country as

international degrees are held in higher esteem.

POSITIVE EFFECTS

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

• The loss of high quality manpower.

• Huge loss of foreign exchange due to hiring of foreign experts.

• Government spends billions of rupees for education of experts.

• Rampant corruption, poor administrations, lack of motivation and fast diminishing nationalism.

• Loss of Health Services.

MEASURES TAKEN

• National Research Program for Universities (NRPU)

• TTU performance based pay system by HEC

• Foreign faculty members of Pakistani origin are encouraged to come and transfer their expertise

• Transfer of knowledge through expatriate nationals (TOKTEN) (UNDP)

• Initiative for 11 foreign universities

• Delaying emigration

For example :

Doctors may be asked to stay on for two years.

• Tax proposals

For example :

Native professionals pay a percent of income earning abroad.

• Fix govt. policies

MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN

DRAIN

MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN

DRAIN

• Revive HEC

Build new universities

Conduct evening classes in campuses.

• PIA should allow a 50% discount for all students of

Pakistani origin on international routes.

• Entering into international agreements

For not to recruit skilled people from

less-developed countries.

• Our leaders often deliver lengthy speeches but no worthy

positive steps have been taken.

• Our government has not even asked Pakistani professionals to

return back and serve their country.

“Reversing the brain drain is a key priority for us.”

CONCLUSION