brain structure and function
DESCRIPTION
Brain Structure and Function. “If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t” -Emerson Pugh, The Biological Origin of Human Values (1977). The Brain. Brainstem responsible for automatic survival functions Medulla - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Brain Structure and Function
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“If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t”
-Emerson Pugh, The Biological Origin of Human Values (1977)
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The Brain• Brainstem
–responsible for automatic survival functions
• Medulla–controls heartbeat
and breathing
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BRAINSTEM Heart rate and breathing
CEREBELLUM Coordination
and balance
Parts of the Brain
amygdala
pituitary
hippocampusTHALAMUS
Relays messages
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The Cerebellum
–helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
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The Limbic System• Hypothalamus, pituitary,
amygdala, and hippocampus all deal with basic drives, emotions, and memory
• Hippocampus Memory processing
• Amygdala Aggression (fight) and fear (flight)
• Hypothalamus Hunger, thirst, body temperature, pleasure; regulates pituitary gland (hormones)
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The Limbic System Hypothalamus
neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities eating drinking body temperature
helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
linked to emotion (show video)
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The Limbic System
• Amygdala –two almond-
shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion and fear
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The Cerebral Cortex
• Cerebral Cortex –the body’s
ultimate control and information processing center
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The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
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The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
Planning, decision making speech
Sensory
AuditoryVision
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The Cerebral Cortex
• Frontal Lobes– involved in speaking and
muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
– the “executive”• Parietal Lobes
– include the sensory cortex
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The Cerebral Cortex
• Occipital Lobes – include the visual areas, which
receive visual information from the opposite visual field
• Temporal Lobes – include the auditory areas, each of
which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear
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The Cerebral Cortex
• Frontal (Forehead to top) Motor Cortex• Parietal (Top to rear) Sensory Cortex• Occipital (Back) Visual Cortex• Temporal (Above ears) Auditory Cortex
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Our Divided Brains
• Corpus collosum – large bundle of neural fibers (myelinated axons, or white matter) connecting the two hemispheres
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Hemispheric Specialization
LEFT
Symbolic thinking(Language)DetailLiteral meaning
RIGHT
Spatial perceptionOverall pictureContext, metaphor
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Contra-lateral division of labor
• Right hemisphere controls left side of body and visual field
• Left hemisphere controls right side of body and visual field
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The five major senses• Vision – electromagnetic
– Occipital lobe• Hearing – mechanical
– Temporal lobe• Touch – mechanical
– Sensory cortex• Taste – chemical
– Gustatory insular cortex • Smell – chemical
– Olfactory bulb– Orbitofrontal cortex– Vomeronasal organ?