brazil in african agriculture - lídia cabral
TRANSCRIPT
Brazil in African agriculture
Lídia Cabral China and Brazil in African Agriculture
h3p://www.future-‐agricultures.org/research/cbaa
1. The rise of Brazil in interna;onal development
2. Significance of agricultural agenda in Brazil’s interna;onal affairs
Source: The Economist, Aug. 26th 2010 ediCon Source: FT, Nov. 1st 2010 ediCon
• Trade: growing concentraCon around primary goods with a number of agricultural commodiCes topping world ranks (and accounCng for 40% of exports in 2013)
Agriculture 24%
Health 16%
EducaCon 11% Environment
7%
Public safety 7%
Public administraCon
5%
Energy 5%
Social development
3%
Cience and technology
2%
Urban development
1% Industry 1%
Culture 1% Sport
1%
Other 16%
Brazilian coopera;on By sector (2003-‐12)
Source: Brazilian CooperaCon Agency, 2013
• Coopera;on: leading area of technical cooperaCon
• Geopoli;cs: agriculture as key area for asserCng leadership in internaConal system
2. Significance of agricultural agenda in Brazil’s interna;onal affairs
3. Brazil’s agricultural ‘successes’: the agribusiness-‐family farming dualism
• Ministry of
Agriculture,
Livestock and
Supplies (MAPA)
and Embrapa
• Ministry of
Agrarian
Development
(MDA)
4. Brazil’s agriculture in Africa: solidarity and business
• Embrapa office opened in Accra in 2006: ‘To have Embrapa in the city of Accra, in Ghana, is the beginning of a peaceful revoluCon that will have as result the germinaCon of grain, food, products that can do in the African savannah the same revoluCon that Embrapa carried out in the Brazilian Cerrado’ (Lula da Silva in 2008)
• Brazil-‐Africa Dialogue on Food Security, Hunger Allevia;on and Rural Development in Brasília in 2010: promoted Brazil’s contribuCon to Africa’s agriculture through menu of cooperaCon opCons comprising Embrapa’s research and public policies targeCng family farming, incl those led by MDA
• Brazil-‐Africa Agricultural Innova;on Marketplace launched in 2010: as pla_orm for agricultural innovaCon, funding collaboraCve research on agriculture between Embrapa and African research insCtuCons. Supported by Bill and Melinda Gates, DFID, FARA, World Bank, among others
4. Brazil’s agriculture in Africa: solidarity and business the ‘Brazilian way’
55
13°
17°
Brazil Mozambique
140m
ilhõe
s0de
0hectares000
Similar0biomass.0 Similar0challenges.0
Vast0business0opportuni=es.0
Sharing0of0experiences.0
Future0vision0of0comparable0market0
PRODE
CER'' PRO
SAVANA((
ProSavana:0Trilateral0Coopera=on0
FOOD PRICES AND FOOD PRICE VOLATILITY
Chart 55: Historical volatility of world reference food prices also reached new heights in 2010
International food price volatility (1990-2010)
%
6
8
10
12
14
16
1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: FAO, Statistics Division
Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164
Chart 56: Of all the prices of major food commodities, global sugar quotations have been most volatile
International food price volatility by food group (1990-2010)
%
10
20
30
40
1995 2000 2005 2010
Meat Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar
Source: FAO, Statistics Division
Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164
107
Investments:000Agro0Industrial:0Soybean,-Corn,-Rice,-Co3on,-Bean,-Sun-Flower,-Coffee;-Fruits-etc.;---Protein:0Ca3le,-Chicken,-Pork,-etc.;-Infrastructure:-For-supporBng-the-Project,-e.g.:--Port-terminal-for-grains.-
Interna=onal0vola=lity0in0food0prices
Target market: 1° Mozambique 2° Africa 3° Asia (53% of world population)
Produce Consume Export
55
13°
17°
Brazil Mozambique
140m
ilhõe
s0de
0hectares000
Similar0biomass.0 Similar0challenges.0
Vast0business0opportuni=es.0
Sharing0of0experiences.0
Future0vision0of0comparable0market0
PRODE
CER'' PRO
SAVANA((
ProSavana:0Trilateral0Coopera=on0
FOOD PRICES AND FOOD PRICE VOLATILITY
Chart 55: Historical volatility of world reference food prices also reached new heights in 2010
International food price volatility (1990-2010)
%
6
8
10
12
14
16
1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: FAO, Statistics Division
Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164
Chart 56: Of all the prices of major food commodities, global sugar quotations have been most volatile
International food price volatility by food group (1990-2010)
%
10
20
30
40
1995 2000 2005 2010
Meat Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar
Source: FAO, Statistics Division
Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164
107
Investments:000Agro0Industrial:0Soybean,-Corn,-Rice,-Co3on,-Bean,-Sun-Flower,-Coffee;-Fruits-etc.;---Protein:0Ca3le,-Chicken,-Pork,-etc.;-Infrastructure:-For-supporBng-the-Project,-e.g.:--Port-terminal-for-grains.-
Interna=onal0vola=lity0in0food0prices
Target market: 1° Mozambique 2° Africa 3° Asia (53% of world population)
Produce Consume Export
Source: FGV-‐Projetos, 2012
• But are Brazilian
engagements in
African agriculture
simply part of a grand
coherent strategy that
uses cooperation to
forge business deals?
5. Priests, technicians and traders in Moz: the poli;cs of discursive alliances & antagonism
Alliance of technicians (Embrapa) and traders (business people, diplomats, brokers) around:
narraCve of ‘cerrado miracle’; cerrado similariCes with African savannah; and fit of Brazilian experCse and entrepreneurship
Visibly opposed by civil society orgs & social movements (priests) contesCng corporate-‐driven modernizaCon of agriculture & calling for family farming alternaCve, preserving land rights, environment & domesCc food needs
Discursive adjustments in ProSavana with family farming narraCve revamped and links with private investment becoming concealed
Alliance of priests and traders around family farming and ‘tropical technology’ narraCves –
Brazilian tractors and equipment to strengthen family farming category and to
diversify Brazilian exports
Sales component discreetly criCcised for supporCng modernisaCon, compromising future of family farming but opposi;on
remains concealed
Sales component dominant, discursive adjustments noCceable in Mozambique
(where ProSavana controversy located) with apparent declutching of technical cooperaCon to restore family farming poliCcal agenda
6. Selec;on of issues raised by research • Hypothesis of Brazil’s coherent state-‐business strategy
simplisCc – pracCce a muddle of agendas and world views, which priests, technicians and traders are a metaphor of
• Brazilian model? Suitability of Brazil’s tropical technology stems beyond edaphoclimaCc consideraCons – transfer as ‘knowledge ba3lefield’ where local context ma3ers
• ExporCng Brazil’s agrarian ba3les into other contexts (e.g. dualism) also needs quesConing
• Key for understanding the metaphor lies in Brazil’s domesCc sphere, which intertwines with diplomacy and the internaConalisaCon drive of Brazilian agriculture
Plus many forthcoming @ h3p://www.future-‐agricultures.org/research/cbaa
Thank you!