brazylia_przewodnik eng.pdf

8/10/2019 BRAZYLIA_przewodnik ENG.pdf

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loveand hae olygia clak


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I am cying o a sabiliy ha doesnmake sense anymoe insead o accep-ing he pecaious wih gea oy asa concep o exisence.Lygia Clak, On he Ac, epined inLygia Clak, Bacelona: Fundaci AnoniTapies, , p.

The exhibiion pesens young-geneaion aiss om Bazil who inhei pacices ee o he classics oBazilian conempoay a moden-ism in he s place in he visualas and achiecue. Conceism andNeo-conceism, he mulidisciplinay

Topicalismo movemen, s concep-ualism o modenis achiecue havebecome showcases, as i wee, o Bazilas well as a valuable conibuion ohe global culual heiage. Young Ba-zilian aiss ae awae o he signi-cance o ha legacy and in he wokso many o hem can be ound moeo less diec eeences o he wok oAledo Volpi, Lygia Clak, Hlio Oiicica,Amilca de Caso, Cildo Meieles, hedesigns o Lcio Cosa, Osca Niemeye,Lina Bo Badi, Paulo Mendes da Rocha,he impessive achiecual layous oBaslia and So Paulos Ibiapuea Pak,o he iconic a museums o Rio deJaneio and So Paulo. The Zacha show eaues a lagegoup o woks ha oe a commen-

ay on he modenis legacy, elaingo i om he (uopia-veiying) pe-specive o ime o om he vanagepoin, so impoan o young people,o see o pop culue. Woks o hiskind ae pesened by Macelo Cidade,auho o a piece ha has len heshow is ile:Amo e dio a LygiaClak / Love and Hae o Lygia Clak.A small bonze sculpue esemblingwo meged bass knuckles, i can beead a symbolic image o aggessiono, convesely, as a gesue o gee-ing o welcoming. The woks alludes

Magda KardaszAmo e dio Lygia Clak / Love and Hae o Lygia ClakZacha Naional Galley o Apl. Maachowskiego 300-916 Wasawwww.zachea.a.pldieco: Hanna Wblewska

Exhibiion13.12.201323.02.2014cuao: Magda Kadaszcollaboaion: Magdalena Komonicka, Julia Leopoldainees: Magdalena Gema, Agaa Skua, ukaszRadziszewskieducaional pogamme: Sanisaw Welbel and eamexhibiion poducion: Anna Muszyska and eam

We hank Toby Maie o his advices in pepaaiono he exhibiion

Exhibiion guideedied by Magda Kadaszsoucebook o inspiaions: Seania Amboziak (SA);Beaa Baosewicz (BB); Zuzanna Ciepielewska (ZC);Jusyna Ciuzyska (JC); Kaazyna Dapaa (KD);

Magdalena Gema (MG); Julia Kkolewska (JK);Naalia Kuc (NK); Sonia Malawska (SM);Baomie Miowski (BM) and Anna Palacz (AP);Emilia Pzebieaa (EP) and Zuzanna Jakubanis (ZJ);Maa Pzasnek (MP); Kaazyna Sabu (KSa);Kaazyna Sobczak (KSob) and Maia Szczyciska (MS);Agaa Saownik (AS); Gabiela wiek (G)

gaphic design: Jakub Jezieskiedioial coodinaion: Dooa Kaaszewskaediing: Jolana Piekosanslaion: Macin Wawzyczaklayou execuion, image ediing: Macie Sikozakpined by Aga, Wasaw

ISBN 978 83 60713 92 1

Zacha Naodowa Galeia Szuki, Waszawa 2013Texs and gaphic design ae licensed undeCeaive Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0).Deails o he licence ae available on he sie:hp://ceaivecommons.og/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

sponsos o he opening ecepion:

pane o he galley:

pane o he exhibiion:

Embassy o he Republic o Bazil in Wasaw

media paonage:

theyo

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andhate

lygiaclark

on pages 23 and 3839:Fabiano Rodrigues, Untitled, 2012, photograph,courtesy of the artist and Galeria Logo, So Paulo


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o he lae phase o he iconic aisscaee when she ocused on ceainghe so called elaional obecs meano human ineacion. Cidades wokis based on a ension beween he kindo paicipaion ha Clak posulaedand he conemplaion o wha isa uly beauiul physical obec. Manyohe poecs by Macelo Cidadehave been inspied by he hisoy oBazilian conempoay a and i is noacciden ha his show a he Ga-leia Vemelho in So Paulo was calledAvan-gade Is No Dead. One o hiswoks, a sculpue iled Disappopia-ion, is a copy o a chai designed by

Lina Bo Badi, he legenday Bazilianmodenis achiec, known also asa designe o uniue and innovaivedisplay unis. Cidade eceaes heamous Fei Egdio chai using plywoodand concee blocks, he kind o low-cos building maeials commonlyused in he pooe neighbouhoods oBazilian ciies. A cheap copy, sippedo is uiliaian uncion, o a designeobec by a leis designe, a kind ohomage o an unullled uopia, Disap-popiaion is ye anohe ionic wokby he socially awae ais. Black Flag,a wall composiion by Cidade, is alsohe name o a US hadcoe punk band.The black shapes aanged on a whiebackgound esemble he small flags,o bandeinhas, displayed houghou

Bazil as pa o he esa uninaes-ivals, which wee a avouie moi ohe amous Bazilian paine AledoVolpi. A homage o a mase, Cidadesinsallaion is also a ibue o ubansubculue, he onamenal elemenscu ou om he abasive maeialypically used o cove skaeboads.Coca com Cola, anohe wok omCidade, is, a s sigh, a ipycho geomeic-absacion painingsin he neo-conceis vein (binging omind he wok o Hlio Oiicica), buupon close inspecion he viewe will

noice ha hey use as backgoundhe kind o gey woven blankes used byhomeless people. The black and whieiangula oms pained ono hemcompise he iula inscipion, whichees o he so dink, elevaed byAndy Wahol o he saus o a pop-culue icon, bu also o glue sniffing(colameans glue), an addicion paicu-laly widespead among homeless ado-lescens and in maginalized, impove-ished communiies. The poec, whichcan also be inepeed as a emindeo Cildo Meieless s inevenionson Coca-Cola boles, is he mos oveinsance o social ciicism among he

eaued woks by Cidade. Chaaceisic o he youngaiss pacice is he blending oelemens boowed om high-bowculue o a hisoy wih allusions osee lie, subculues o opical socio-economic issues. Lo cambio de pesos emomas/ The Exchange o Pesos inoFomsis anohe insallaion by Cidadeinomed by he wok o Lygia Clak:on a won wooden able wih a boken(sawn o?) leg have been aangedgues eminiscen o Claks bichos,vaiable-shape geomeic sculpuesmean o be animaed by he viewe.Howeve, Cidades eplicas ae smalleand made no o aluminium bu o A-genine peso banknoes olded oigami-syle and cemen. Is his a commenay

on he (poenially) unsable condiiono he Souh Ameican economies o anallegoy o he global cisis? We leavehe inepeaion o he viewe. Guilheme Pees is a mea-phoical skaeboade who someimesadops he posiion o a poliical andhisoical commenao. In he exhibi-ion we ae showing video documen-aions o his peomances. Roll-Incommens on Hlio Oiicicas exhibiiona he Ia Culual in So Paulo; ee-ing o he neo-conceis aiss no-ion o peneable insallaions om

he amous Penevelseies, Peesinsalled a amp a he enance o heOiicica show and ecoded sound whilepeoming evoluions. Bail (o bailin skaeboad slang means o ail oo all when ying a ick) documensan acion caied ou in he space oGaleia Piv which is locaed in heNiemeye-designed Edicio Copan indownown So Paulo, he wolds lag-es esidenial building by floo aea.Tied by a piece o ope o a column po-siioned in he cene o he space, Pe-es makes cicles aound i on a skae-boad unil he column is desoyed.Is his a meapho o he young gh-

ing he old esablishmen, eecingaisic omulas le by he peviousgeneaions? In Robespiee and an A-emp o Resume a Revoluion, Pees,dessed in a peiod cosume, inepeshe Fench adical amid quasi-evolu-ionay slogans pained in ed on hewalls o un-down spaces, peomingsange, compulsive acs and pompousgesues ha usually esul in ailueo acual alling (he ides a skaeboad,among ohe hings). The video canbe inepeed as a meapho o heae ypically shaed by poliical andaisic evoluions (vicoy ineviablyollowed by decline), o as a youngaiss appeal o a eun o sociallycommied a. Fabiano Rodigues gained enown

wih his black-and-whie phoogaphsshowing skaeboading evoluions andhe body in movemen in elaionshipwih achiecue. We ae peseninga slideshow o hese sel-poais,which wee aken agains he back-gound o some o he mos iconic ex-amples o Bazilian modenis achiec-ue, such as he pavilions a IbiapueaPak in So Paulo o he Paulo Mendesda Rocha-designed ineios o he Pi-nacoeca do Esado de So Paulo. Theseomally appealing phoogaphs aedocumenaions o he auhos pe-

omaive acions bu also animaedpoais o achiecual landmaks. Nex o he Rodigues pesena-ion we ae showing a phoogaphicpoec by Mauo Resie: a selecion oimages om his Oscaseies. The ais,known as an auho o aesheic analogblack-and-whie phoogaphs blendinghe documenay wih he aisic, pu-sues hemes such as poliics, space, andachiecue (hisoy as a landscape).His oeuve includes many images omodenis achiecue, such as poeicvisions o Niemeyes Museum o Ain Pampulha (he BHseies) o Lina BoBadis Glass House (Casa de Vido) in

So Paulo. Among his bes known pho-ogaphic seies ae hose documeningcucial momens in Bazilian hisoyaking place amid he uuis-uopianachiecue o he ciy o Baslia: he sweaing-in ceemony o PesidenLuiz Incio Lula da Silva, a man onwhom many Bazilians pinned geahopes o change (Empossameno), andhe uneal o he pope o mod-enis achiecue, Osca Niemeye(Osca). The sangely alienaing im-ages capue he beginning and he endo an ea and pehaps, also, o a uopia. Viually Pesenby RobeoWine is a poec ha seves asa commenay on he lae sage omodenis uban planning and is po-liical aspecs. Sho wih a handheld

camea om a passing ca, Winesvideo shows he Cidade Adminisa-iva Pesidene Tancedo Neves saegovenmen complex in Belo Hoizone,Minas Geais. Locaed a om he ciycene, he complex was designed inhe syle o lae Bazilian modenism byOsca Niemeye, whose ealie ealiza-ions can be seen a he a end o heciy, in he neighbouhood o Pampulha(whee hey wee commissioned by hehen goveno o Belo Hoizone andlae he pesiden o Bazil, JuscelinoKubischek). Named ae Tancedo


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Neves, poliician and pesiden-elec in, he consucion o he CidadeAdminisaiva was iniiaed by hisgandson, Acio Neves, hen govenoo he sae o Minas Geais, and cosa vas amoun o money. The complexsinauguaion in , when Niemeyewas yeas old, was peceded bya lage-scale adveising campaignha eaued, o example, digialsimulaions displayed on ciy buses. Anohe eaued wok by Wine,Essay on Feedom, consiss o a blackcicle pained on he wall, in he ceneo which is a make pen on a piece omeal ope. The ais has oeed he

viewe a agmen o pivae space ina public a galley o wie o dawwhaeve commen hey like limiedonly by he lengh o he ope whichequals he adius o he cicle so hemake canno go beyond i. (Some yanyway, as can be noiced when welook om an angle).

Deanico/Lain ae a duo opeainga he inesecion o a and design,woking pimaily in he mediumo language. Playing wih om andmeaning, hey ee o he Conceislegacy hough poecs ha aepoeic and ciical a he same ime.We ae pesening hei wok Uopia(), a agmen o ThomasMoes lieay vision o he idealsae, wien using a specially ceaed

ypeace, a picogaphic alphabeha poays he mixue beweenhe modenis achiecue o OscaNiemeye and he inomal occupaiono he uban space ha shapes maoBazilian ciies. An ionic ake on heachiecual uopia o modenism andis hopes and pomises, now veiedby eal lie, he ex says, Thei build-ings ae good and ae so uniom haa whole side o a see looks like onehouse. Thei doos have all wo leaveswhich as hey ae easily opened so heyshu o hei own accod and hee

being no popey among hem eveyman may eely ene ino any housewhasoeve. The Uopia ypeace, inwhich he uppe case is epesenedby silhoueed glyphs o Niemeye oNiemeyeesque achiecual iconsand he lowe case by elemens o heciyscape ha elude he uopian ideao design, such as ences, monioingcameas, powe cables o skaeboad-es, is available o download online. Laua Belm is an auho o sev-eal poecs eeing o he modenislegacy and we ae showing wo ohem. Sculpue Gaden Iis a ibue omodenis sculpue: whie geomeic

shapes o open composiion have beenscaeed aound a black ecangle.By playing wih scale and maeial,he ais cass ino doub he im-manen chaaceisics o sculpue:scale, he popeies o he maeialand is weigh. The accompanyingex explains ha he gound is black-dyed mable powde and he smallsculpues ae made o plasic dink-ing saws. Wha is usually heavy andmonumenal hee appeas lighweighand viually immaeial. The ais uses a simila saegyin Gea Wave, a sculpue inspied byhe undulaing oms o he EdicioCopan, a huge concee esidenialbuilding in downown So Paulo. Hee,he scale is small, he aangemen

hoizonal, and he maeial ae whieoam panels, he lighweigh andflimsy qualiy o which is emphasizedhe sucues being illuminaed ominside. Suspended in midai, Gea Wavelooks like a coss beween a sculpuepiece and a designe obec. Belmseems o be saying ha o many con-empoay aiss, modenis buildings now devoid o hei oiginal maeial-iy and ideology. The iconic Copan building appeasonce again in he show in he phoo-gaphs o Bob Wolenson, who has po-

ayed i in an unypical ashion: ombehind. The picue belongs o a seiescalledAni-aade, which compises im-ages o he ea sides o buildings, bohmodenis landmaks, such as ConunoNacional commecial cene (buil inhe s and lised oday), as well asless aacive sucues and ciy-scapes o So Paulo. Wolenson playswih he convenion o achiecualphoogaphy, which usually selecs hemos impessive visas, bu his pho-ogaphs, hough aken om he op-posie poin o view, ae sill visually ap-pealing, hei sense o deph enhancedby he use o high-es echnology and

special colou coaing. A nosalgicphoo-essay,Ani-aadeis also a col-lecive poai o Bazils lages ciy. Beo Shwaay poays hemeopolis in a dieen, highly pe-sonal, ashion in his book The Lie ohe Cenes, agmens o which weae pesening in he show. Compisingphoogaphs om he amily album,achival images documening changesin So Paulos achiecual and sociallandscape since (when he aissahe lived and woked hee) andexs weaving pesonal hisoy ino heuban one, he poec emphasizes heshiing o ciy cenes as developmenpogesses bu also he uhlessnesso change owads legacy achiec-ue (i is oen said ha So Paulo

doesn espec is own pas) and heesidens hemselves (as genicaionsqueezes ou he less affluen). Tacingconnecions beween poliics, hisoy,economy and a/achiecue, BeoShwaay highlighs he devaluaion oonce-gand ideologies. Laecio Redondos insallaionSouveni om Baslia is devoedo a gea modenis poec: heconsucion o Bazils new capial inhe s. Compising silk-sceens onplywood combining agmens o ubanlandscapes eauing floal elemens

and a geomeic paen o mulicoloupaches esembling he achiecualdivisions o building acades, i bingso mind assembly poscads om hecapial o opical modenism. Anoheelemen is Repao a mosaic composi-ion, pained wih dilued chacoal ona whie wall, o iangles and oblongs,agains he backgound o which havebeen hung poed ens (an elemen ogenuine geeney amid he imiaions oachiecual decoaions). The insalla-ions hid elemen is he lm Reoque,a medley o images o building acadedecoaions in Baslia, accompaniedby a soundack. Redondo says i was

inspied by he wok o Ahos Bulco,auho o muals and wall decoaions,noably in Baslia. Wha maes oRedondo is no only he beauy o Bul-cos woks bu also his collaboaiveappoach wheeby he wokes acivelypaicipaed in making he echno-logical and aesheic decisions involved.This is ye anohe voice by a young-geneaion ais on he uopian planso Bazilian modenism. The wok o Ahos Bulco is alsoeeed o by Raael RGsXang Wall,an insallaion ceaed specially ohe exhibiion. A wall has been coveedwih whie iles beaing a blue paencompising myseious signs, symbolsand inscipions, inomed, as heais explains, by umbanda, he syn-

ceic eligion popula among AicanBazilians, whee simila iles ae useda shines. The wok was inspied byhe hisoy o he Palcio das Aes inBelo Hoizone, a building oiginallydesigned by Niemeye and Bulco bucompleed by someone else, which waso be decoaed claims Raael RG,a mase o ceaing cional naa-ives based on hisoical acs wihazuleos-syle iles coveed wih um-banda/candombl symbols. The poecwas neve ealized in his om and heais seems o be asking whehe his


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was because he esablishmen wouldno allow Ao-Bazilian symbols (andmos o he wokes building he Pal-cio wee exaclypeos, o blacks) odecoae a public building.Xang Wallexploes ye anohe insance o a dis-sonance beween uopian heoy andacual ealiy. Anohe poec conceived byRaael RG specially o he exhibiiona Zacha, eniled The Mos FamousSlave, also ees o he poscoloniallegacy bu also o he adiions oconcepual a and visual poey. I isa exual wok ha emembes heonce-popula, also in Poland, Bazil-

ian soap opea Escava Isaua(TheSlave Isaua). A wall ex sesses haBazils mos amous slave was whie,which is demonsaed by a poaio Luclia Sanos, who played heole, eaued on he back cove o hebiogaphy. Demonsaing how deeplypop-culue clichs become ingainedin ou psyche, he poec is also some-hing o a sie-specic wok, ollowinghe aiss week-long eseach sayin Wasaw, whee he leaned, amongohe hings, ha Isaua was he singlemos equenly cied Bazilian culualeeence menioned by he esidenso Wasaw. We hope ha he Zachaexhibiion succeeds a changing heseeoypical image. Anohe ais who has been

asked o ceae a wok specially o heshow is Leando Neeuh. His ineac-ive poec dealing wih he dieeninepeaions o Bazilianness andexploing hemes o poscolonial his-oy and laen aspecs o modenism,is iled Makako abe a bunda. TheBoavenua Paadigm. The s pao he ile ees o an anonymoush-cenuy paining kep a hePinacoeca do Esado de So Paulo,officially iledAmeicabu populalycalled makako abe a bunda, showingan allegoy o he Ameican coninen

algic phoogaphs show he modenisbuildings o he Alagoas Yach Club inhe ciy o Macei, buil in and de-seed in he s. The club uncionedon vaious levels: pimaily seving helocal high sociey, i was also unoffi-cially used by shemen as well as a gayhangou. The phoogaphs ae accom-panied by sho ineiles compisingmodied exceps om he biogaphyo Reinaldo Aenas, a Cuban poe,wie, playwigh, dissiden and gay;lending he images a poeic eel, heyalso eveal he hidden social dimensionso he dilapidaing achiecue. Daniel Mugel is an ais known

o anseing agmens o heuban landscape ino he galley;seveal o his poecs deal wiha chaaceisic eaue o Bazilianciies, he boken-sone floo mosaicsknown locally aspeda pouguesa(Pouguese pavemen). Rio de Janeioand So Paulo have developed heiown vaiaions o i, he bes knowno which is he black-and-whie, opa-syle, geomeic-wave mosaic ohe Copacabana pomenade, designedby Robeo Bule Max. In , i wasimmoalized by a amous Bazilianphoogaphe, he lae Bina Fonya,who poayed people dessed in simi-laly paened shis agains is back-gound. Fonyas iconic image is dis-played a he Zacha nex o Mugels

insallaion, a modied vesion o hisealie poecs whee he inevened inhe paen o he caladaboadwalks,designed in by Mihes dos SanosPino, which eaued a homboidshape ha esembled he ouline ohe sae o So Paulo. Mugels eclecicinsallaion, aanged on he floo inhe passage beween he exhibiionooms, uilizes Polish paving maeialsand syles, combined wih a calada-syle geomeic bid gue. This is aconcee gaden, an aemp o evokehe Epicuean enoymen o lie in he

wih exoic plans, sange animals andcannibalisic scenes o whie colonissbeing devoued by he naives. Theohe souce o inspiaion wee hewiings o he conempoay Pou-guese sociologis Boavenua de SousaSanos, especially his noion o abyssalhinking which, he believes, coninueso dominae he Wesen discouse.Accoding o de Sousa Sanos, WesenEuope is govened by he dichoomy oegulaion and emancipaion, wheeashe es o he wold, Bazil included,coninues o be peceived in ems oviolence and appopiaion. Colonialcaegoies, agues he sociologis,

dominae in elaionships beween hedieen pas o he wold, includ-ing in he sphee o culue. Theeoe,he suggle o global social usicemus be a suggle o global cogni-ive usice as well. In ode o succeed,his suggle equies a new kind ohinking, a pos-abyssal hinking. Toillusae he idea, Leando Neeuhhas ceaed a he Zacha an abyssalagi-pop, compising a epoduciono he abovemenioned paining ina om esembling a heaical sagese, in on o which have been a-anged wo inesecing aches: onesymbolizing an enance o he Wes-en wold, he ohe o he poscolonialcounies. The wo wolds: modenand poscolonial, says he ais, can-

no be sepaaed, like wo sides o hesame coin. The gae omed by heaches can also be peceived as a sym-bol o he end o he civilized wold,a ansiion o he wild wold o naue.The picue and he acades oma sage on which duing he exhibiionwill appea peomes o play he oleso a pophe and a pagan, as well asvolunees expes and enhusiass oBazil, is hisoy, culue and naue wih bie pesenaions. In Jonahas de Andades ex-and-image insallaion, The Club, nos-

middle o he uban dese, undeakenby an ais whose insallaions exploehe inesice beween ciy lie andwild naue. Plans oen gow ouom beween he concee pieces; willhey manage o push hough a heZacha as well? Bazils apid ubanizaion is sym-bolically illusaed by Yui Fimezasphoogaphic dipych, In Foaleza.Taken on he balcony o his paenshome in he noh-easen ciy oFoaleza, he wo sel-poais showhe ais (bon in ), in shos anda T-shi, siking a simila pose. In one,whee he is a boy pehaps yeas o

age, hee is only one low building inhe backgound; in he ohe, wheehe is in his lae wenies, seveal oweblocks can be seen. Lucas Simes is an achiec anddesigne by educaion, a backgoundha is eviden in his sculpual insal-laions ha uilize oms and maeialschaaceisic o modenism. PossibleHoizon , a seies o sculpuesmade o pape and concee, compisesgey o polychome cass o eveydayobecs, e.g. vaniy cases, bubble bagsused as poecive inll, o scapso bubble wap, which play he oleo enigmaic buildings displayed onsculpued eams o pape, which heauho calls subecive opogaphies,models o eugee hoizons, ha as an

absac simulacum aim o eceaehe powe o he inenalizaion hahe naual landscape has. The aisplays wih scale, ceaing miniaueso monumenal consucions, bualso wih he popeies o he mae-ial isel; ension is also pesen heebeween he seeoypical noiono banal, ashy obecs and heisolid-maeial vesions, which appeanoble, moe impoan. Sangenessis somehing ha ascinaes me, ando make i beauiul is even bee,says he ais. The show eaues also


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a sculpue om he Weigh, Timeseies, a vaiaion on conceis sculp-ue, whee an impemanen maeial pape has been cononed wihgeomeic concee blocks. I is alsowoh adding ha Lucas Simes hasalso designed he achiecual pedes-al o he eaued pieces. Luiz Roque shows he lm NewSculpue, made while on a esidencyin he ciy o Nova Lima nea Belo Hoi-zone, whee he house/sudio o heamed neo-conceis sculpo Amilcada Caso, is locaed. Inomed by hewok and legend o he classic a-is, he lm eaues wo chaaces

dessed up in anasic, quasi-canivalcosumes, he hash, posindusiallandscape o he sae o Minas Geais,and a cadboad eplica o one o daCasos cu-and-old meal sculp-ues, counless vesions o which canbe ound in Bazilian ciies, noably inhe Belo Hoizone aea. In Roques lm,he ludic, wild, omanic elemen seemso claim he ausee absac piece, hewok seving as a commenay, bohionic and ull o admiaion, on hewok o he seadas absacionis.An ealy lm by Roque, Bicho, docu-mens an acion o vey young aisswho visi an exhibiion o neo-conce-is a and y o ineac wih oneo Lygia Claks ineacive sculpuesom he Bichosseies, bu ae sopped

by secuiy as Claks woks ae nowoo valuable o be ouched by he pub-lic. The wok seves as an amusing com-menay on he saus o paicipaivea now ha is auhos ae no longeaound. .maquespeneados pah o hevisual as led hough sociology, wi-ing, and indusial exiles. The aispesens elie-syle painings om hismodenism-inspied seies. The geo-meic igidiy o he neo-conceispainings has been soened by pliable,paened abics, agmens o which

om composiions, and he use o em-boidey, a echnique usually associaedwih emale handica. The ile o heseies, Neoconceis Malaise, may bean ionic eeence o he endinesso modenism among young aiss. Thee small obecs by Theo

Caveio ae inomed by absac

sculpue and he concepual adiion.

Two Sides o he Same Coinbings o

mind Cildo Meieless s inevenions

on banknoes and hei socio-poliical

conex. Similaly, Caveios woks can

be seen as a commenay on he vaious

aspecs o he conempoay cisis.

Living in he shadow o he olde

geneaion can be difficul and maypomp young people o y and cu ohe umbilical cod, eec he old, saanew, go hei own way. This aiudeis efleced in he show in a goup owoks ha uge an escape om hea wold ino he wold o naueo a moe individualisic appoach oa making as a desiable alena-ive. Cadu ullled he deam lieally,holing up o a yea in an eucalypusoes nea Rio de Janeio. Calling hispoec Seasons, he saed by buildinga wooden hu esembling a modenisvilla (we ae showing is model andphoogaphic documenaion o heconsucion), descibing his expei-ences and eflecions in an accompany-ing bookle. The poec, says he ais,

is a poeic appopiaion o a pieceo land, a euge . . . A cosmologicalmodel o inhabiaion, geaed owadsexpeiencing a ceaive advenue andhe counless acions esuling omconac wih he ouside wold . . . Theip was no so much a ypical aisicesidency as a poeic ques, exisenialahe han inellecual an ulimaebluing o he bounday beween aand lie. Yui Fimezas phoogaphic seies

Acion esembles a ame-by-amedocumenaion o a peomance piece

wheeby he naked ais enes hehollow unk o an old ee, becom-ing one wih naue. The wok is pao a seies whee Fimeza enes inelaionships wih all kinds o comple-mens. Body-a peomances weechaaceisic o he s pacice oAnonio Manuel, hough he used nudiyas a means o poliical poes againshe egime wheeas in Fimezas case iis ahe mean o sess a pesonal, ex-isenial aspec o aisic expeiences.

The exhibiion comes o a symbolicend wih Daniel Seegmann Mangans mm, a sucual lm sho ina ainoes in souh-easen Bazil.

As he auho wies, mmis playedback om he ape on which i wasecoded. I becomes he basis o helms om and conen. This assump-ion deemines also he lengh o hewok (a sandad oll o lm is . mlong, which poduces a duaion o minues and seconds). A speciallymodied camea moved along a pieceo cable seched in he ungle, lm-ing a -mee sech wih consanspeed. This single ake compises helm, which analyzes he noion o imeand he naue o he ceaive pocess.Someone may view i as a hypnoic po-eic insallaion ha allows he vieweo peneae he ohewise impenea-ble ungle, while someone else mighpeceive he wok as a meapho o he

conempoay wold wih is angleo issues. In he Zacha show, mmplays also he ole o symbolicallysignalling ohe han hose eauedaisic eflecions and invesigaionsundeaken by young-geneaion a-iss in Bazil.

Theeoe, in Bazil pemanen unive-sal ciical posiion and he expeimen-al ae consideed o be consuciveelemens.Hlio Oiicica, Basil Diaia,Ae emRevisa, no. , , p. .


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aiss


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MaceloCidadeBorn 1978 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Studied fine arts at theFundao Armando lvares Penteado(FAAP). Author of experimental in-stallations and interventions in publicspace.

Cadu(Calos Eduado Felix da Cosa)

Cadu (Carlos Eduardo Felix da Costa)Born 1977 in So Paulo. Lives and worksin Rio de Janeiro. Studied visual artsat the Universidade Federal in Rio deJaneiro. In his practice, he combinestraditional media such as drawing orpainting with modern means of expres-sion. Author of videos and installations.Teaches at the Pontifcia UniversidadeCatlica in Rio de Janeiro and Escola deArtes Visuais in Parque Lage.

Marcelo Cidade, Lo cambio de pesos em formas /The Exchangeof Pesos into Forms, 2013, wood, bills, cement, photo courtesyof the artists and Galeria Vermelho, So Paulo

Marcelo Cidade, Black Flag, 2010,installation, photo courtesy of the ar tistsand Galeria Vermelho, So Paulo

Jonahas deAndadeBon 1982 in Macei, lives and woks inRecie. His woks deal wih p oliical,culual and social issues. Peoccupiedin paicula wih he phenomenon ocollecive memoy and oblivion. Auhoo insallaions, videos and phoo-gaphs.

LauaBelmBon 1974 in Belo Hoizone, wheeshe lives and woks. Sudied ne asa Cenal Sain Mains College oA and Design in London. Auho oenvionmen, achiecue o culue-inomed sie-specic insallaions.

Laura Belm, Sculpture Garden I, 2011, crushed marble,plastic straws, photo by Eduard Fraipont, courtesy of theartist and Galeria Luisa Strina, So Paulo

Cadu, Seasons II, 2012, wooden model, prints on photographicpaper, courtesy of the artist and Galeria Vermelho, So Paulo

Jonathas de Andrade, The Club, 2010,poliptych, print on photographic paper,courtesy of the artist and GaleriaVermelho, So Paulo

The Big Wave, 2011, foam board, nylon string and lighting,photo by Eduard Fraipont, courtesy of the artist and GaleriaLuisa Strina, So Paulo


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Theo CaveioBorn 1983 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Studied photography andvisual arts at the Escola de Comuni-caes e Artes da Universidade in SoPaulo and at Senac So Paulo. Authorof conceptual objects and instalations.

. maquespeneado(Fenando Maques Peneado)

Born 1955 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Studied visual arts atGoldsmiths College in London. Pho-tographer, curator, writer. Author ofdrawings, embroideries and prints ontextiles.

Deanico/LainAngela Deanico, bon 1974 in Caxiasdo Sul, and Raael Lain, bon 1973hee. Based in Fance, hey aeineesed in sudying language asa means o communicaion and cul-ue ceaion in socie y. Auhos odigial gaphics, videos, animaions,pinous on plasics.

f. marquespenteado, Malaiseneoconcretiste / Neo-concretist Sickness,2011, viscose, felt, photo courtesy of theartist and Mendes Wood gallery, So Paulo

Detanico/Lain, Utopia, 20012013, winyl on white wall(design), photo courtesy of the artists

Theo Craveiro, Two Sides of the Same Coin, 2012, coins,mirror, acrylic, courtesy of the artist and Mendes Woodgallery, So Paulo

Marcelo Cidade,Amor e dio a Lygia Clark / Love and Hate toLygia Clark, 2006, brass, photo by Ding Musa, courtesy of theartist and Galeria Vermelho, So Paulo

Marcelo Cidade, Coca com Cola, 2010, acrylic, blanket,courtesy of the artist and Galeria Vermelho, So Paulo

Marcelo Cidade, Disaproppriation, 2010,wood, photo courtesy of the artists andGaleria Vermelho, So Paulo


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YuiFimezaBon 1982 in So Paulo, whee he livesand woks. Sudied visual as a heFaculdade Inegada da Gande Fo-aleza (FGF). Auho o insallaionsand peomances.

BinaFonyaBorn 1945, died 1985 in Rio de Janeiro.Studied architecture at the Universi-dade Federal (UFRJ) in Rio de Janeiro.Active in the fields of theatre andadvertising, he was preoccupied withphotography and is acknowledged to-day as one of Brazils foremost photog-raphers of the 20th century.

Yuri Firmeza, In Fortaleza, 2010,print on photographic paper,photo courtesy of the artist andGaleria Athena Contempornea,Rio de Janeiro

Yuri Firmeza,Action 1, 2005, print on photographicpaper, photo courtesy of the artist and Galeria AthenaContempornea, Rio de Janeiro

DanielMugelBorn 1981 in Niteri. Lives and worksin So Paulo. Studied fine arts at theUniversidade Federal (UFRJ) in Rio deJaneiro. Author of objects and site-spe-cific installations, often with sculpturalelements.

Daniel Murgel, In finding ground the origins of flight werealso found, 2013, site-specific installation (design), courtesyof the artist

Bina Fonyat, Untitled, 1970, print on photographic paper,photo courtesy of the Galeria da Gvea, Rio de Janerio


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Mauo ResieBon 1970 in So Jose do Rio Pado.Sudied a he Fundao Amandolvaes Peneado (FAAP) and he Ine-naional Cene o Phoogaphy in NewYok. Auho o pimaily black-and-whie phoogaphs in which he ocuseson uban spaces, hei esidens andachiecue.

GuilhemePeesBorn 1987 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Studied fine arts at theFundao Armando lvares Penteado(FAAP). Author of performances often using the skateboard andinstallations.

LaecioRedondoBorn 1967 in Paranava. Lives and worksin Stockholm and Rio de Janeiro. Stud-ied at Konstfack in Stockholm. Authorof objects and installations in which hetransforms ready-made materials suchas old documents, magazines, books,fragments of films or music, everydayobjects.

Mauro Restiffe, Oscar #18, gelatin silver pri nt, 2012, courtesyof the artist and Galeria Fortes Vilaa, So Paulo

Laercio Redondo, Souvenir from Braslia, 2013, from the seriesSouvenir from Braslia, charcoal, water, ferns, video,photo courtesy of the artist and Silvia Cintra+Box 4 Gallery,Rio de Janeiro

Guilherme Peters,Bail 3, 2012, performancedocumentation,courtesy of the artist and GaleriaVermelho, , So Paulo

Leandro Nerefuh, Demonography Sketch for Agitprop withProphet, Pagan Entity and Volunteers, 2013, mixed technique,courtesy of the artist

LeandoNeeuhBon 1975 in Mogi das Cuzes. Holdsa degee in Fine As and A His-oy om he Univesiy o London.Auho o peomances, obecs,videos and insallaions. Ineesedin poliical and hisoical aspecs oLain Ameican culue.


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LuizRoqueBon 1979 in Cachoeia do Sul. Livesand woks in So Paulo. Sudied visualas a he Univesidade Fedeal in RioGande do Sul. Pacices lm and pho-ogaphy.

Fabiano RodiguesBorn 1974 in Santos, lives and works inSo Paulo. His black-and-white pho-tographs depict urban skaters, move-ment, and the architecture in the back-ground. He prints each photo only once.

Luiz Roque, New Monument, 2013, video still,courtesy of the artist

Luiz Roque, New Monument, 2013, video still,courtesy of the artist

Fabiano Rodrigues, Untitled, 2012, photograph,courtesy of the artist and Galeria Logo, So Paulo

Raael RGBon in Guaulhos. Lives and woksin So Paulo. Sudied visual as a heCeno Univesiio Belas Aes in SoPaulo. Auho o peomances andinevenions in public space.

Rafael RG,Xang Wall, 2013, site-specificinstallation (detail), photo courtesy of the artist


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DanielSeegmann ManganBorn 1977 in Barcelona, Spain. Lives andworks in Rio de Janeiro and So Paulo.Studied fine arts at the EINA CentreUniversitari de Disseny i Art in Barce-lona and photography at the GrisARTEscuela Superior de Fotografa there.Author of sculptural and film instal-lations. Interested in the relationshipsbetween nature and culture.

Daniel Steegmann Mangran, 16 mm, 20082011, 16 mm film,454, photograph, photographic documentation, photo byRicardo Benassi, courtesy of the artist

BeoShwaayBorn 1977 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Graduate of the Universi-dade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)in So Paulo. Also holds a degree in FineArts and Curatorial Studies from theNuova Accademia di Belle Arti (NABA)in Milan. Author of installations, sculp-tures, prints. Curator and art critic.

LucasSimesBorn 1980 in Catanduva, lives and worksin So Paulo. Studied architecture anddesign in Brazil and Italy. Author of col-lage-based paintings and sculptures.

Lucas Simes, Possible Horizon17, paper, cork, cement,photo courtesy of the artists and Galeria Emma Thomas,So Paulo

Beto Shwafaty, The Life of the Centers, 2011/2013, book,photo courtesy of the artist


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RobeoWineBorn 1983 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. Studied at the University inSo Paulo and Santa Marcelina Collegethere. Combines the latest technolo-gies with the language of art, workingin media such as photography, sculp-ture or installation.

so

ucebook

oinspiaions

BobWolensonBorn 1954 in So Paulo, where he livesand works. One of Latin Americasmost renowned fashion photographers,he has worked for magazines such asVogue, Elleor Playboy. Author of inter-national commercials for brands suchas Volkswagen, LOreal or Mitsubishi.

Bob Wolfenson, SP*20, from the seriesAnti-facade, 2004,courtesy of the artist

Roberto Wi nter,Essay on Freedom, 2010, black paint on wall,black marker, steel cable and holders, courtesy ColeoMoraes-Barbosa

Roberto Wi nter,Virtual Present, 2011,video still, courtesy of the artist


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sculpues able o ineac wihhe viewe (whom she eeed oas he paicipan ahe hanecipien o a). A poesso ahe Sobonne in he ealy s,she euned o Rio de Janeio in, om pacicing aheapy o he menally ill.He woks wee pesened in heSo Paulo A Biennial om hes and in he Venice Biennale in. Bes known in Poland omhe exhibiion Kaazyna Kobo /Lygia Claka he Muzeum Sz-uki in d in . He woksae in some o he wolds mos

enowned a collecions, e.g.he MoMA in New Yok, Tae Gal-ley in London, o Cene GeogePompidou in Pais. [EP, ZJ]

Paulo Mendes da Rocha (bon ) isan achiec who began his caeein he s as a membe o heavan-gade bualis movemen,gaduaing om he UnivesidadePesbieiana Mackenzie in SoPaulo in . His bualis achi-ecue is maked by a pooundundesanding o space and unc-ion. Convinced ha achiecueshould be low-cos, aodableand economic in is use o maei-als and enegy, Mendes da Rochaoen uses peabicaed elemens

and pees simple oms anduncional soluions. Among hiskey influences ae Vilanova Ai-gas, Osca Niemeye and AonsoEduado Reidy. Fom he sunil augh achiecuea he Univesiy o So Paulo.Among his mao woks ae heClub Ahleico Paulisano in SoPaulo (), he Bazilian Pavil-ion a Expo in Osaka, Japan(), he Museu de Ae Con-emponea da Univesidade deSo Paulo (), and he Museu

Basileio da Esculua (), also in So Paulo. Finaliso he compeiion o he CeneGeoges Pompidou in Pais (),winne o numeous awads,including he Mies van de RohePize o Lain Ameica ()and he Pizke Pize (). [MP]

Cildo Meieles (bon ) is a concep-ual ais, insallaion ais andsculpo who lives and woks inRio de Janeio. Influenced by Ba-zilian Neo-Conceism, he is besknown o his poliically commi-ed poecs, such as Inseions

ino Ideological Cicuis()whee he pined images and mes-sages on wide-ciculaion iems.His insallaions equie aciveviewe paicipaion, engaginghe senses o sigh, heaing, smelland ouch (e.g. Meshes o Fee-dom, ). Paicipan in nume-ous ediions o he Venice Biennaleand he So Paulo A Biennial, hiss eospecive was held a heInsiuo Valenciano de Ae Mod-eno in Valencia in , ollowedby a mao eospecive a TaeModen in London in . [JC]

Osca Niemeye () was a Ba-zilian modenis achiec. Havinggaduaed in achiecue a he

Escola Nacional de Belas Aes inRio de Janeio in , he inenedin he office o he achiec anduban planne Lcio Cosa, om woking on he design eamo he Minisy o Educaion andHealh building in Rio de Janeio(collaboaion: Le Cobusie).One o his ealies poecs wasOswald de Andades house inSo Paulo (). designed a complex o buildings(including he Chuch o SainFancis o Assisi) in he Pampulha

Lina Bo Badi (bon Achillina Bo,) was an Ialian-bonachiec and uban planne, il-lusao, uniue and ewelleydesigne, a Bazilian ciizen om. In compleed achi-ecual sudies in Rome and be-gan woking in Milan. Membe ohe Ialian Communis Pay un-il he emigaion in ; acive-ly involved in he public debae,discussing issues o he poswaeconsucion o Ialy and hesocial ole o achiecue. In hied o wok on he designo he Museu de Ae building in

So Paulo, soon heeae sheounded he Sudio dAe Palmaand om he s edied heinfluenial peiodical Habia.He bes known woks include heown home, known as he GlassHouse (), and he SESC Pom-pia spos-and-culue complexin So Paulo (). Inspied byhe heoies o Le Cobusie andAnonio Gamsci, even i adapedo Bazilian speciciies, heachiecual wok ollowed heinenaional modenis idiom,bu he uniue o ewelleydesigns showed clea influenceso Bazilian a, also in hei useo naive maeials. In HansUlich Obis paid a ibue o Bo

Badi wih his poec The InsidesAe on he Ousidea he GlassHouse. [SA]

Ahos Bulco (), bon in Riode Janeio, was a Bazilian paine,sculpo, achiec, uniueand ineio designe, auho omosaics. Sel-augh, om he assised Cndido Poinai inceaing a Sain Fancis mual aa chuch in Pampulha, Belo Hoi-zone, and lae moved o Pais.Upon euning in , he col-

laboaed wih Osca Niemeyein building he new capial, Ba-slia, designing building aades,including mosaics, which he waspaiculaly enowned o. Oneo his bes known designs is heaade o he Naional Theaebuilding in Baslia. [MG]

Amilca de Caso () wasa sculpo and gaphic ais.Fom sudied dawing andpaining wih Albeo da VeigaGuignad and sculpue wihFanz Weissman a he EscolaGuignad in Belo Hoizone. His

s poecs evoluionizedBazilian pess design bu a dec-ade lae he ocused on sculpue,becoming a leading gue o heneo-consucivis movemen. membe o he Neo-Concee Goup, he also signedhe Neo-Concee Manieso. Fea-ued in Max Bills Concee Aexhibiion in Zuich in . Pa-icipan o he So Paulo A Bien-nial in , and . In helae s auho o shee-mealsculpues (e.g. a Ibiapuea Pak,So Paulo). [SM]

Lygia Clak () was a Bazilianpaine, sculpo and insallaionais who lived and woked in Rio

de Janeio and Pais. Membe oGupo Fene, co-ounde o heNeo-Concee Goup, associaedwih he Topiclia movemen,he wok was undamenallyinomed by Consucivism, anidiom she adheed o houghouhe caee. A s an auho osmall-oma, monochomaicpainings, she soon ocused onsculpue, ceaing geomeicobecs in meal. Fom he she wok became moe concep-ual and she saed making so


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ue o he popula esa uninaolk esival in Bazil. Paicipano he So Paulo A Biennial(, ) and he Venice Bien-nale (, , ). Namedbes Bazilian ais (alongsideEmiliano di Cavalcani) a he So Paulo A Biennial, hebecame ecognized as one o hemos impoan h-cenuypaines in Bazil. Feaued inhe I Exposio Nacional de AeConcea in he Museu de AeModena o So Paulo in .New Yoks Guggenheim Museumpesened his solo exhibiion

in . [ZC]

The So Paulo A Biennial is one ohe lages and mos impoancyclical aisic evens in SouhAmeica. Founded in , i is hewolds second oldes a biennialae he Venice Biennale. I wasiniiaed by Fancisco MaaazzoSabinho, aka Ciccillo Maaazzo,an Ialian-bon enepeneu andas paon. Since , he SoPaulo A Biennial has been heldin he Pavilho Ciccillo Maaazzoin he Ibiapuea Pak, a hee-soy pavilion designed by a eamled by achiecs Osca Niemeyeand Hlio Ucha, which povidesan exhibiion space o , m.

Iniially oganized by he Museude Ae Modena o So Paulo,since by he Fundao Bienalde So Paulo, he biennial aimso pomoe Bazilian conempo-ay aiss inenaionally aswell as o pomoe impoaninenaional aisic ends inBazil. The biennials s ediionocused on absac a, ea-uing woks by aiss such asPablo Picasso, Sophie Taeube-Apo Jackson Pollock; successiveediions in he s and s

highlighed Bazilian Conceismand Neo-conceism. Like inis Venice counepa and olemodel, naional pesenaions aea key eaue o he So Paulo ABiennial. The s Polish pesena-ion, eauing Jan Cybis, TadeuszBzozowski and Jezy Nowosielski,among ohes, was held as pa ohe h ediion in . [BM, AP]

Baslia is he capial o Bazil sinces Apil , when i wasmoved om Rio de Janeio. Builom scach in monhs andplanned om he ouse as

a uue capial, i was lised asa UNESCO Wold Heiage Sie in. The main planne was heBazilian ubanis and achiecLcio Cosa (), a long-ime membe and dieco o heSevio do Paimnio Hisicoe Asico Nacional, whose de-signs combined adiional Bazil-ian influences wih he modenisidiom, paiculaly as denedby Le Cobusie. The layou oBaslia is based on an iegulaplan ha esembles an aiplane,wih esidenial neighbouhoodslocaed alongside he longe axis(he wings), public-uiliy build-ings, designed by Osca Niemeye,siuaed along he shoe one,

and govenmen buildings a isbeginning. [KD]

Conceism (Gupo Rupua) wasa end in conempoay a.Iniiaed in he s, i wasbough o Bazil in he ealys by he Swiss ais MaxBill, whose woks wee awadedin he s So Paulo A Biennial.Pincipally geomeic, Conceea uses line and colou o seveesymbolic ies beween he wokand ealiy. Founded in in

neighbouhood o Belo Hoizone, co-designed he UNHeadquaes in New Yok. appoined he chie achiec oBaslia, whee he designed heCahedal, he Naional Congess,and he Palcio da Alvoadapesidenial esidence, amongohe buildings. Auho o some designs, e.g. he Biennialpavilion in Ibiapuea Pak in SoPaulo (), he Fench Com-munis Pay headquaes inPais () o he headquaeso he Mondadoi-Segae pub-lishing house in Milan. Following

he miliay coup o , he wasbanned om pacicing, and in oced o leave he couny.He seled in Fance, visiing heSovie Union and ohe socialiscounies and becoming a usediend o leades such as CubasFidel Caso. He ceaed his ownsyle, known as Bazilian moden-ism, maked by a lage-scale useo concee and smooh, flowinglines ha add a poeic eel oachiecue. [AS]

Hlio Oiicica () was one ohe mos influenial h-cenuyBazilian aiss, a membe ohe Neo-Concee goup anda leading epesenaive o he

Topiclia movemen. Auho andheoeician o expeimen pain-ing, auho o semi-happeningsand mulimedia lms known asquasi-cinemas. A suden o IvanSepas, he lived and woked inNew Yok in he s. Inomedby geomey- and colou-oienedEuopean avan-gade move-mens, his key influences includedKazimi Malevich, Paul Klee andPie Mondian. Wih ime, he de-veloped his own, unique, palee,based on hues o oange, yellow

and bown. Colou gaduallybecame deached om imagein his wok, moving on o moespaial oms, elies and insal-laions known as he Penevels,which he viewe could sep inoand ineac wih. He also madehe so called Paangols, mobilesculpues ha wee inended ascosumes o he dances o sam-ba (which he paciced himsel).His woks ae in he collecions oleading inenaional insiuions,e.g. he MoMA in New Yok oHishhon Museum in Washingon. [BB]

Aledo Volpi () was anIalian-bon Bazilian aisassociaed wih he modenismovemen. Bon in Lucca, Ialy,a he age o wo he was boughby his paens o So Paulo,whee he spen mos o his lie.A sel-augh ais, he saedwoking as a decoaion paineaound , and om pained his own painings in heimpessionis syle. Co-oundeand leading membe o heGupo Sana Helena colleciveom , when his painingso he sububs o So Paulo weemade. His acquainance wih hesculpo and paine Eneso de

Fioi became a mao influenceon his expessionis landscapes.He uned owads geomeicabsacion in he s, andwas one o he leading popo-nens o Conceism, houghneve omally affiliaed wih hemovemen. Highly sylized andcolouul house aades becamehis main heme in he s, andhe ollowing decade saw hedevelopmen o his ademakbandeinhasmoi, inspied bysmall flags ha ae a egula x-


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esablishing aisic subeciviy,and emphasizing expeimenaionand ee expession. Key epe-senaives included he membeso he Gupo Fene collecive,saed in in Rio de Janeioby Ivan Sepa. The goups secondexhibiion, held in , eflecedis openness o new oms oexpession and deachmen omMax Bills conceis heoy o a.Today, Gupo Fene is peceivedin he conex o is opposiiono he Conceism o he ealieGupo Rupua. Among impoanBazilian aiss inomed by Neo-

conceism was Hlio Oiicica. [JK]

Concee poey was an avan-gademovemen saed in Bazil andSwizeland, in which he ypo-gaphical aangemen o wodsand lees was as impoan ashe convenional elemens o hepoem. The concee poem wasinomed by moden communica-ions, wih is conciseness, simplemessage, and visual eec. In in So Paulo, hee Bazilianpoes and lieay ciics: DcioPignaai and bohes Haoldoand Auguso de Campos saedhe seminal collecive Noigandes(is name boowed om EzaPounds Cano XX). The

hee poes collaboaed wihavan-gade paines, sculpos,musicians as well as ohe poes.Auguso de Campos was also heauho o mulimedia insalla-ions combining poey, musicand he visual as. In , heMuseu de Ae Modena in SoPaulo held a naional exhibiiono Concee a, eauing aisssuch as Gealdo de Baos, AlusioCavo, Lygia Clak, WaldemaCodeio, Joo Jos da SilvaCosa, Judih Lauand, Maucio

Nogueia Lima, Hlio Oiicica, LuizSaciloo, Aledo Volpi, AlexandeWollne, Loha Chaoux, Amilcade Caso, Ivan Sepa, and somepoes, as Feeia Gulla. In ,Noigandes published a maniesocalled Pilo Plan o ConceePoey. The goup published alsoan avan-gade peiodical, Noi-gandes(unil ). [KS, MS]

Topiclia (opicalismo) was a endin Bazilian music, developed in, which also includedelemens o poey, lm and hevisual as. I was iniiaed by

he auhos o he music e-cod Topiclia ou Panis e Cicen-cis, which came o be egaded ashe movemens manieso: musi-cians Caeano Veloso, Gilbeo Gil,Tom Z, he Os Muanes goup,Gal Cosa, Rogio Dupa, andhe poe Toquao Neo. Top-icliawas also he ile o HlioOiicicas s ineacive insal-laion, which len he movemenis name. The main heme oopicalismo was poes againshe auhoiaian egime ino-duced in Bazil in . Inspiedby Oswald de Andades Manieso Anopago, heopicaliss peceived Bazil asa couny o culual cannibals,

who should absob and hendiges oeign culual influencesin ode o make hem uniquelyhei own. Combining adiionwih popula ends such as ock-and-oll o psychedelia as well aswih alenaive a, he move-men made a poweul impacon Bazils pop culue, leavinga lasing mak in he visual as,music and heae. [KS (2)]

Umbanda is a Bazilian eligion, nowpesen also in neighbouing

So Paulo, he Gupo Rupua col-lecive was led by Waldema Cod-eio and eaued he pionees oBazilian Conceism, e.g. Gealdode Baos, Luis Saciloo, LohaChaoux, Kazme Fe, AnaolWladyslaw o Leopoldo Haa. Thegoup held is s exhibiion ahe Museu de Ae Modena o SoPaulo in . An ideological iin he lae s led o he eme-gence o Neo-conceism, hekey epesenaives o which leGupo Rupua o sa he Rio deJaneio-based Gupo Fene. [NK]

Oswald de Andades ManiesoAnopago(Cannibal Manieso) waspublished in in So Paulo inhe s issue o he magazineRevisa de Anopoagia. A com-binaion o pose and poey, heessays om bings o mind heealie maniesoes o Euopeanavan-gade movemens, suchas Fuuism, which de Andade,who had avelled o Euope, hads-hand knowledge o. The exposulaes a new, unique Bazil-ian syle as an expession o localmodenism, ani-colonialism andibal pimiivism. Highly ciicalo oeign especially Euopean culual influences, de Andadeuged he Bazilian people o

develop hei own ideniy in heposcolonial wold, believing haBazils geaes sengh was isabiliy o cannibalize ohe cul-ues by meging and absobingvaious influences. The Manieso

Anopagoemains a key exo Bazilian modenism. [MG]

The Museu de Ae Modena in Rio deJaneio is housed in a building

designed by achiec AonsoEduado Reidy (). In, Reidy was asked o design

a new building o he museum ona lage plo donaed by he ciyand locaed in he pak complexknown as Aeo do Flamengo. Thelandscape designe was RobeoBule Max (). Consuc-ion began in and he exhibi-ion building was compleed in, while he heae buildingemains uncompleed o his day.In keeping wih ideas pesen inReidys ealie woks, he designollows he aionalis idiom, ea-uing anspaen sucues anda flexible exhibiion space hacan be easily adaped o vaious

exhibiion designs. Naual andaicial ligh plays an impoanole in he poec. [MG]

The Museu de Ae Modena in So Paulois a museum o moden a, pao an Osca Niemeye-designedachiecual complex in Ibiapu-ea Pak, So Paulo. Founded byFancisco Maaazzo Sobinho,aka Ciccillo Maaazzo, i wasbuil in as a empoayspace bu has housed he museumo his day. Renovaed by Lina BoBadi in and subsequenlylised. Is collecion includes ove, woks by Bazilian and in-enaional aiss. [MG]

Neo-conceism (Gupo Fene) wasa end in Bazilian a, saedin wih he publicaiono he Neo-Concee Manieso,signed by aiss such as Amilcade Caso, Feeia Gulla, FanzWeissmann, Lygia Clak, LygiaPape, Reynaldo Jadim o TheonSpanudis. Opposed o wha i pe-ceived as he mahemaical peci-sion and gowing aionalism oConceism, i posulaed againshe use o science in a, eschew-ing he posiivis posiion, e-


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counies like Uuguay and A-genina, which blends indigenousbelies wih Aican eligions,Spiiism, Euopean occulism,and Caholicism. Founded byZlio Fenandino de Moaes whoon h Novembe , in heown o So Gonalo nea Rio deJaneio, paicipaed in a Spiiissance oganized by he olloweso Allan Kadec. Duing he s-ance, he -yea-old de Moaesincopoaed a spii who ideni-ed himsel as he Caboclo dasSee Encuzilhadas (Hal-IndianPeasan o he Seven Cossoads).

Umbanda eaues includespii-communicaion pacicesand belie in eincanaion (bo-owed om Spiiism); belie ina single supeme deiy (a godcalled Oloum o Zambi) and hecul o sains (boowed omCaholicism); and belie in poec-ive spiis (known as Oixs andsimila o Caholic sains) andiual pacices (dancing, singing,ciga smoking, making ood anddink oeings o spiis), bo-owed om Ao-Bazilian loe.The ollowes o Umbanda believeha he spiis evoked duingiuals heal he sick and oeellhe uue. Since is emegence,Umbanda has spli ino numeous

banches wih disinc iuals andceemonies; o example, Umban-da Banca is he banch closeso he oiginal eachings o ZlioFenandino de Moaes, while Um-banda dAngola is a moe ecendevelopmen ha emphasizes heAican adiion and comes closeo Candombl iuals. Anhopolo-giss say ha Umbanda becamewidespead in he s, undehe naionalisic egime o GelioVagas (someimes called heahe o Umbanda). Regaded

as he only uly Bazilian eligionwhich has played an impoanole in he developmen o na-ional ideniy, Umbanda is oenpeceived as a eligion o Aicanand indigenous Bazilians, bu inealiy is ollowes come omall social and ehnic backgounds.Today, he numbe o official ol-lowes is ,, many o whichdeclae o be Caholics as well. [G]


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