Breaking Down Glucose

Power Point to Making Cards

Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis

• In the cytoplasm

• Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid

• 6-C 3-C 3-C

• (Pyruvic acid = pyruvate)

Glycolysis

• What got this reaction started?2 ATP molecules gave P to each end of 6-carbon glucose (it splits)

Glycolysis

• Glucose (with phosphates) breaks into two PGAL molecules

• PGAL reforms into pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

• 4 ATP

• 2 NADHform

e- carrier

Glycolysis Summary

• 2 ATP for glucose to PGAL to pyruvate• 4 ATP formed• 2 ATP net

• Also 2 NADH (pick up electrons)

• How Glycolysis Works (click)• Sing Along

FermentationIN ANIMALSPyruvic acid lactic acid

IN YEAST

Pyruvic acid ethanol + carbon dioxide

FERMENTATION

• WHERE LOCATED?• In the cytoplasm

• ANAEROBIC• Without oxygen

• HOW MANY ATP?• none

FERMENTATION

• ONE GREAT SIDE-STEP IS TO REGENERATE NADH back to NAD+

• (so it can pick up e- again)

USES OF FERMENTATION

Yogurt

Sourdough bread

Pickles’

Buttermilk

Sauerkraut

Kimchi

Cheese

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic acid builds up faster than the body cells can use it.

Glyocolysis to Prepping Pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle

2 2 34

Pyruvic Acid Can’t Enter Mitochondrion

• So it needs “Cut and Groomed”

1.Cut off carbon (as CO2)

Leaves 2-C acetyl group

• 2. Add Coenzyme A

FORMS Acetyl-CoA

Mitochondrion: Site of aerobic respiration (uses oxygen)

• Mitochondrion

Getting Ready to go into the Mitochondrion

• Acetyl CoA and Kreb Cycle

“Cut” carbon removed

“Groomed”

By Coenzyme A

(2-C)

All Set for the Krebs Cycle

We’re now in the mitochondrion.

Two Types of Electron Carriers

• Empty FAD picks up e- to form FADH2

• e-

• Empty NAD+ picks up e- to form NADH

• ATP Synthesis NAD and FAD

e-

What is made at the end of the Krebs cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)?

e- carriers

Waste gas

High energy

Or Krebs Cycle

CLICK ME:Krebs Cycle

ETC and Chemiosmosis

• NADH and FADH2 bring their e- to the

ETC (in the inner membrane of the

mitochondrion)

NADH and FADH2 animation

H+ ions pumped through ATP synthase

Enough energy for a P to add to ADP to form ATP

ATP Synthase Movies

• ATP Synthase (VCAC)

• http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/movs/synthase.mov

OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR

• Oxygen + H+ forms water

• Oxygen: the final electron acceptor

Electron Transport Chain

• Electron Transport Chain (pretty sweet)

• Click here krebstca

• Click Here VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look (won’t show on VPU, but can see on own computer screen)

FINAL PRODUCTS

• Glycolysis• 2 ATP

• Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP

• ETC and Chemiosmosis• 34 ATP

36 ATP from one molecule of glucose

38 ATP from glucose to end of ETC and chemiosmosis