BREAST IS BESTBREAST IS BESTBy: Sandy Dhudwal and Nisha VeljiBy: Sandy Dhudwal and Nisha Velji

OUTLINEOUTLINE

1. History

2. Recommendations

3. Properties of Breast Milk

4. Benefits of Breastfeeding

5. Harmful Effects of Formula Milk

6. Why Some Mothers Choose 6. Why Some Mothers Choose FormulaFormula

Vs. Breast MilkVs. Breast Milk

7. Other Options7. Other Options

8. Additional 8. Additional ResourcesResources

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE To increase awareness about breast

feeding. To educate about the benefits of breast

feeding. To educate about the basics of breast

feeding. To educate about the harms associated with

formula feeding. To advocate for breast feeding and

empower parents to make an informed choice.

HISTORYHISTORY Artificial feeding becomes Artificial feeding becomes

readily available at turn of readily available at turn of centurycentury

By 1940’s control of birth & By 1940’s control of birth & feedings given to doctorsfeedings given to doctors

By 1970, historical low in By 1970, historical low in breastfeeding rates in western breastfeeding rates in western worldworld

Rates peak in 1980sRates peak in 1980s Duration rates still generally Duration rates still generally

lowlow

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

Exclusive breast feeding until 6 months of age

Introduce complimentary foods with continued breastfeeding

Optimum to breastfeed for 2 years or longer

PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF BREASTMILKBREASTMILK

Biologic Biologic specificity => specificity => Long-chain Long-chain omega-3 Fatty omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and Acids (DHA and AA)AA)

-Important for -Important for brain and retinal brain and retinal developmentdevelopment

-Higher IQs-Higher IQs

IMMUNOLOGIC IMMUNOLOGIC SPECIFICITYSPECIFICITY

Protection against pathogens & Protection against pathogens & allergensallergens

Kills pathogenic organisms or Kills pathogenic organisms or modifies their growthmodifies their growth

Stimulates epithelial maturation Stimulates epithelial maturation for future defencefor future defence

First immunizationFirst immunization Protection against common Protection against common

respiratory and intestinal diseasesrespiratory and intestinal diseases

IMMUNOLOGIC IMMUNOLOGIC SPECIFICITYSPECIFICITY

Colostrum = Baby’s first vaccinationColostrum = Baby’s first vaccination Less risk of illness such as:Less risk of illness such as:

Ear infections, pneumonia, crohn’s Ear infections, pneumonia, crohn’s disease and other bowel illnesses, disease and other bowel illnesses, stomach flu and other intestinal stomach flu and other intestinal illnesses, ear infections, childhood illnesses, ear infections, childhood cancers, diabetes, arthritis, cancers, diabetes, arthritis, allergies, asthma and eczema allergies, asthma and eczema

PERFECT FOOD FOR PERFECT FOOD FOR BABIESBABIES

Just the right amount of nutrients in Just the right amount of nutrients in the right proportionsthe right proportions

Over 200 components in human milkOver 200 components in human milk Composition of breast milk:Composition of breast milk:

-Live cells, fat, carbohydrates, -Live cells, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, mineralsproteins, vitamins, minerals

-Less fat than most other mammals-Less fat than most other mammals

-More lactose than other mammals-More lactose than other mammals

BREAST MILK BREAST MILK COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

Fat (4% concentration provides up Fat (4% concentration provides up to 50% of caloric needs, cholesterol to 50% of caloric needs, cholesterol levels constant, lipolytic enzymes levels constant, lipolytic enzymes aid in fat digestion)aid in fat digestion)

Carbohydrates (lactose = milk sugar Carbohydrates (lactose = milk sugar predominantly in human milk, 7% predominantly in human milk, 7% concentration provides up to 40% concentration provides up to 40% caloric needs, essential for caloric needs, essential for development of CNS, enhances development of CNS, enhances calcium & iron absorption)calcium & iron absorption)

BREAST MILK BREAST MILK COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

Carbohydrates (Bifidus factor = Carbohydrates (Bifidus factor = growth factor present only in growth factor present only in human milk required for human milk required for establishing an acidic environment establishing an acidic environment in the gut to inhibit growth of in the gut to inhibit growth of bacteria, fungi and parasites)bacteria, fungi and parasites)

Protein Protein

-Lactoferin => Isolates external -Lactoferin => Isolates external ironiron

-Secretory IGA => Most important -Secretory IGA => Most important immunoglobulin, breast milk = only immunoglobulin, breast milk = only source for first 6 weekssource for first 6 weeks

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDINGBREASTFEEDING

Ecological:Ecological:

-Saves resources-Saves resources

-Less waste-Less waste

-No refrigeration-No refrigeration

-No manufacturing-No manufacturing

-No bottles, cans-No bottles, cans

-No trucking-No trucking

-No handling-No handling

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDINGBREASTFEEDING

For SocietyFor Society

-Smarter-Smarter

-Healthier-Healthier

-Less cost to -Less cost to healthcare systemhealthcare system

-Stronger families-Stronger families

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDINGBREASTFEEDING

To FamiliesTo Families

-Less trips to -Less trips to doctors, hospitalsdoctors, hospitals

-Less -Less prescriptionsprescriptions

-Less stress-Less stress

-Less illness-Less illness

-More bonding-More bonding

-Inexpensive-Inexpensive

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDINGBREASTFEEDING

Benefits to baby:Benefits to baby:

-Better dental health-Better dental health

-Increased visual -Increased visual acuityacuity

-Decreased duration -Decreased duration and intensity of and intensity of illnessesillnesses

-Less allergies-Less allergies

-Better health & less -Better health & less risk of illnessesrisk of illnesses

BENEFITS OF BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDINGBREASTFEEDING

Benefits to mother:Benefits to mother: -Psychological (Attachment, bonding, security, skin to skin, -Psychological (Attachment, bonding, security, skin to skin,

fulfillment of basic needs, relationship)fulfillment of basic needs, relationship) -Easier weight loss-Easier weight loss -Decreased risk of illness (breast cancer, osteoperosis, -Decreased risk of illness (breast cancer, osteoperosis,

hemmorhage, ovarian cancer)hemmorhage, ovarian cancer) -Birth control-Birth control -Pride, empowerment, fulfillment-Pride, empowerment, fulfillment

HARMFUL HARMFUL EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF

FORMULA MILKFORMULA MILK

Why some mothers choose Why some mothers choose formula vs. breast milkformula vs. breast milk

Distressed by physical discomfort of early Distressed by physical discomfort of early breastfeeding problems.breastfeeding problems.

Convenience issuesConvenience issues

Pressures of employment/schoolPressures of employment/school

Worries that breast shape will changeWorries that breast shape will change

Formula manufacturers manipulate people Formula manufacturers manipulate people through their adsthrough their ads

Doctors and nurses need more lactation trainingDoctors and nurses need more lactation training

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Why some mothers choose Why some mothers choose formula vs. breast milkformula vs. breast milk

Moms given very little time to adjust to changes Moms given very little time to adjust to changes of postpartumof postpartum

Family demandsFamily demands

Non-supportive family/health professionalsNon-supportive family/health professionals

EmbarrassmentEmbarrassment

Lack of confidence in selfLack of confidence in self

Feeling that one cannot produce enough milkFeeling that one cannot produce enough milk

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Mother’s milk vs. Mother’s milk vs. formula milkformula milk

Formula milk for 3 days Formula milk for 3 days old babies is no old babies is no different than formula different than formula milk for 3 months old milk for 3 months old infants.infants.

Breast milk is Breast milk is ingeniously different ingeniously different every single day; every single day; adapted to the changing adapted to the changing needs of the baby.needs of the baby.

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breastfeeding.8k.com/ Resources/breastfeeding.jpeg

Mother’s milk vs. Mother’s milk vs. formula milkformula milk

Human milk is designed Human milk is designed to support the to support the development of large development of large brains, capable of brains, capable of processing and storing processing and storing lots of information. lots of information.

Cows milk is designed Cows milk is designed to support functions, to support functions, like constant grazing.like constant grazing.

myxo.css.msu.edu/danimal/ quiz/cow_picture.png

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Illness Relative riskIllness Relative risk Allergies, eczema 2 to 7 Allergies, eczema 2 to 7

timestimes Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections

2.6 to 5.5 times2.6 to 5.5 times Inflammatory bowel Inflammatory bowel

disease 1.5 to 1.9 timesdisease 1.5 to 1.9 times Diabetes, type 1 2.4 timesDiabetes, type 1 2.4 times Gastroenteritis 3 timesGastroenteritis 3 times Hodgkin's lymphoma 1.8 Hodgkin's lymphoma 1.8

to 6.7 timesto 6.7 times Otitis media 2.4 timesOtitis media 2.4 times Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae

meningitis 3.8 timesmeningitis 3.8 times Necrotizing enterocolitis Necrotizing enterocolitis

6 to 10 times6 to 10 times www.geocities.com/.../ Canopy/4116/stalk.gif

Illness Relative riskIllness Relative risk

Pneumonia/lower Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract respiratory tract infection 1.7 to 5 infection 1.7 to 5 timestimes

Respiratory syncytial Respiratory syncytial virus infection 3.9 virus infection 3.9 timestimes

Sepsis 2.1 timesSepsis 2.1 times Sudden infant death Sudden infant death

syndrome 2.0 timessyndrome 2.0 times Industrialized-world Industrialized-world

hospitalization 3 hospitalization 3 timestimes

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Barriers to Bonding Barriers to Bonding

* * A Bottle places a physical A Bottle places a physical barrier between mom barrier between mom and babyand baby

*Less skin to skin contact*Less skin to skin contact

*Less eye contact*Less eye contact

* The * The hormonal connection hormonal connection between the between the breastfeeding mother breastfeeding mother and baby cannot be and baby cannot be experienced by the experienced by the bottle feeding motherbottle feeding mother

www.photohome.com/.../ mom-and-baby-1a.jpg

Other Options If Other Options If Breastfeeding is Not Breastfeeding is Not

PossiblePossibleMom can still use her milk, even if she Mom can still use her milk, even if she

decides not to breastfeed:decides not to breastfeed:

Use a breast pump (electric/manual)Use a breast pump (electric/manual) Cup or bowl feedingCup or bowl feeding Spoon feedingSpoon feeding Eyedropper or feeding syringeEyedropper or feeding syringe Nursing supplementerNursing supplementer Get milk from donation bankGet milk from donation bank

graphics.iparenting.com/. ../womanpumping.jpg

THE ENDTHE END

There is no freedom of choice for humansThere is no freedom of choice for humansif it has been taken away from themif it has been taken away from themat the beginning.at the beginning.

Breast-feeding is not a choice,Breast-feeding is not a choice,but an obligation to the choice,but an obligation to the choice,

GiveGive your child the freedom of choice.your child the freedom of choice.

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Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

La Leche LeagueLa Leche League World Health World Health

OrganizationOrganization Community Community

Health NursesHealth Nurses Lactation Lactation

ConsultantsConsultants Public Health Public Health

Agency of CanadaAgency of Canada

ReferencesReferences Mohrbacher, Nancy, and Stock, Julie. Mohrbacher, Nancy, and Stock, Julie. The Breastfeeding Answer The Breastfeeding Answer

Book, Book, 3rd Edition. Illinois: La Leche Leage International, 2003. The Breastfeeding Committee for Canada. The Baby-Friendly

Iniative in Community Health Services: a Canadian Implementation Guide. BCC, 2002.

World Health Organization. Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Geneva: WHO, 1998.

Class Notes Google Images http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/895_brstfeed.html http://medicalreporter.health.org/tmr0297/breastfeed0297.html http://www.mamadearest.ca/en/info/benefits_breastfeeding.htm http://www.lambtonhealth.on.ca/infant/benefits.asp http://www.babyfriendly.org.uk/health.asp http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/factshts/brstfd_e.html http://www.caaws.ca/mothersinmotion/baby/

feeding_benefits_e.html