breathing emergencies part 3: chapter 6. the basic’s what is breathing? this is the process which...
TRANSCRIPT
Breathing EmergenciesPart 3: Chapter 6
What is breathing?• This is the
process which oxygen is transferred into your blood• The oxygen is
then carried throughout your body• Without oxygen
the body would shut down and cease to work
Breathing Emergencies
•2 types:▫Respiratory Distress
A condition in which breathing is difficult▫Respiratory Arrest
A condition in which breathing stops
Respiratory Distress (RD)
• Most common:▫ Partially blocked
airway ▫ Illness▫ Chronic conditions
Emphysema Asthma
▫ Electrocution ▫ Heart attacks▫ Injury (head, lungs
or abdomen)▫ Allegoric Reactions▫ Drugs Poisoning▫ Emotional distress
Signs of RD
•Victim may….▫Have trouble catching their breath or grasp
for air▫Breathe faster or slower than normal
Victim may…
▫Breaths may become shallow or deep
▫They may make unusual noises Wheezing, gurgling or high pitched sounds like crowing
Victim may…
▫Skin appearance Unusually moist, flushed, pale
▫Temperature could drop They may feel cool
Chronic conditionsAsthma
•Narrows the air passages▫Makes
breathing difficult
•During an attack:▫Passages
constrict or narrow as a result of a spasm
Emphysema
•Disease in which the lungs and alveoli lose their ability to exchange CO2 and oxygen effectively
•This disease worsens over time
More Conditions• Bronchitis
▫Caused from smoking and other irritants▫Results from an inflammation of the lining of the
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles▫This cause a build up of mucus which obstructs air
exchange in the lungs• Anaphylactic Shock
▫Caused from a severe allergic reaction Bee sting, foods, other allergens or certain
medications▫Air passages swell and restricts victims breathing▫Could be life-threatening if not treated
immediately
More Conditions
•Hyperventilation▫Can results from fear or anxiety▫May be caused by head injuries, severe
bleeding or illnesses such as high fever, heart failure, lung disease or diabetic emergency
▫Likely to occur in people who are tense and nervous
▫A person may feel like they are suffocating Some become fearful and apprehensive
Care for a RD• Check
▫ The scene to ensure of your safety▫ If the victim is conscious▫ Check for other life-threatening causes
• Call▫ 9-1-1
• Care▫ Help the victim rest in a comfortable position▫ Loosen any tight clothing (necktie etc)▫ Open a door or window for fresh air▫ Interview the victim▫ Continue to monitor and reassure the victim▫ Assist them in any way possible
Special Considerations (Children)•Signals
▫Agitation▫Unusually fast or slow breathing▫Drowsiness▫Noisy breathing▫Pale, ashen, flushed or bluish skin color▫Breathing trouble increases▫Altered level of consciousness▫Increased heart rate
Common IllnessesCroup Epiglottitis
• Viral infection• Causes swelling of the
tissues around the vocal cords
• Often preceded by 1-2 days of illness, sometimes a fever
• Cough that sounds like the bark of a seal
• Bacterial infection • Causes a severe
inflammation of the epiglottis
• When this swells it can completely block the airway
• The child will appear ill and have a high fever with a sore throat
• Often the child will be sitting up straining to breath
• Child may be drooling more than usual
Airway Obstruction – Conscious Victim•Airway obstruction (Most Common)
▫2 types: Anatomical – airway is blocked by the
tongue or swollen tissue of the mouth or throat. May have resulted from an injury to the neck or
from anaphylaxis Mechanical – airway is partially or
completely blocked by a foreign object (piece of food or small toy, or by fluid such as vomit or blood)
Some common causes of Airway Obstruction
•Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food
•Drinking alcohol before or during meals.▫Alcohol dulls the
nerves that aid swallowing, making choking on food more likely
Some common causes cont…
•Wearing dentures▫Dentures make it difficult
for a wearer to sense whether food is fully chewed before swallowing
•Eating while talking excitedly or laughing or eating too fast
•Walking, playing or running with food or objects in the mouth
Partial Airway Obstruction
•These victims can still move air to and from their lungs
•Encourage the victim to cough. This may help dislodge the blockage
•*If coughing does not improve or gets worse take action(see complete airway obstruction)
Complete Airway Obstruction
•When an object is completely blocking the flow of air into the lungs
•Give 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrust
Hand position:- Place the thumbs against the middle of the victims abdomen , just above the navel and well below the breastbone
What do You do???
•Choking alone▫2 techniques for abdominal thrusts
Make a fist with 1 hand, and place the thumb side on the middle of your abdomen slightly above your navel and below your breastbone. Grasp your fist with your other hand and give quick, upward thrusts
Use a chair, railing or a sink to help give you thrusts
Abdominal Thrusts for Adult• Hand Position- Below the breastbone and above the
navel• 5back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts• If alone- use chair, railing, or sink to help with
thrusts
Abdominal thrusts for Child
•Get on their level•Follow same as adult
Back blows for Infant1. Sandwich the infant between your forearms.
Support the infants head and neck by holding the jaw between your thumb and forefingers
2. Turn the infant over so that it’s facedown in your forearm. Give 5 firm back blows with the heel of your hand while supporting the arm that is holding the infant on your thigh
Chest Thrusts for Infant1. Chest thrusts:
1. Sandwich the infant between your forearm . Continue to support the infants head. Turn the infant onto it’s back and support your arm on your thigh. The infants head should be lower than the chest
2. Give 5 chest thrust
Back blows Chest Thrust
Conscious Infant
•Look to see what they are choking on•They can easily swallow small objects
which can block their airway▫Pennies, beads, parts of toys
•Make sure to follow proper support techniques
Conscious to Unconscious
Adult Infant
• Once the victim has become unconscious bring them to the floor
• 2 rescue breaths▫ Check to see if the
breathes went in by checking if the chest raised
• If they did not go in give 30 chest compressions
• Lay the child down • 2 rescue breaths
▫ Watch the chest to see if they went in
• If they did not go in give 30 chest compressions
• Check to see if the object is now visible ▫ Finger sweep the object
out• If not continue with 2 rescue
breaths and compression sequence
•Breathing stops•Signs
▫Absence of breathing (dead give-away)▫Skin color (ashen or cyanotic)
•Begin rescue breathing
Respiratory Arrest
Rescue Breathing for a Child
•Use less air than you would with an adult•DO NOT tilt head and chin back only far
enough to get the air in•1 breath every 3 seconds
▫Each breath should only last 1 second
Rescue Breathing for an Infant
•Cover both the nose and mouth with your mouth
•1 breath every 3 seconds•Each breath should last about 1 second•Breath only until you see the chest rise•DO NOT over-inflate the lungs•Recheck for signs of life ~2 minutes
Breathing BarriersResuscitation mask Face shield
When to Stop
•The scene becomes unsafe•The victim begins to breathe in his or her
own•Another trained person takes over for you•EMS personnel arrive on the scene and
take over•You are too exhausted to continue