Breeding, Survey and Epidemiology of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010

Mahbubjon Rahmatov, Hafiz Muminjanov, Zebuniso Eshonova, Ahad Ibrohimov, Mirzoali Karimov, Mogens Hovmøller, Kumarse Nazari, Alexey Morgounov, Arne Hede, Eva Johansson

mahbubjon@gmail.com

OUTLINE• SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST

IN 2010• EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010• YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS• NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010• UTILIZED GERMPLSM FOR WHEAT BREEDING

CYCLE IN 2010• RESULTS OF WHEAT BREEDING IN 2010• CONCLUSIONS

Wheat in Tajikistan

• Wheat is a main staple food crop • Bread wheat is growing about 350 000 ha• Production about 650 000 t. in 2009• Average yield is 2.0 -2.2 t/ha.• More than 60% of daily calories for people• Yellow Rust is most important disease

SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010

• Yellow Rust Survey and Monitoring were conducted in main wheat growing areas

• The survey and monitoring were followed by BGRI standardized methodology

• During flowering and milk/dough growing stage (April-May)

• The assessment for severities based on modified Cobb scale (Peterson et al. 1948), and the reaction by Roelfs et al, 1992

• More than 100 wheat fields were surveyed

Surveyed and Monitored Locations in Different Agro Ecological Areas and breeding trials

Survey and Monitoring of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010

Location Masl Incident, % Severity

Southern PartKurgan-Tyube 349

30-35

40SKolkhozobod 374 50SJilikul 346 70SKumsangir 393 50SPanj 348 40SKulob 894 60SShurobod 1951 60SMuminobod 1990 30MS

Central PartHissor 668

35-40

70SRudaki 837 40SVahdat 904 50SFayzobod 1209 70SGarm 1799 40SJirgatol 2659 60S

Central - East PartPakhtaobod 700

30-4040S

Tursunzoda 714 60SShahrinav 839 20S

North-East PartIsfara 814

20-3060S

Konibodom 371 50SKhujand 322 50S

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010

• In Tajikistan yellow rust epidemics occurred an intervals of 4-5 years

• The epidemiology of yellow rust were investigated in all wheat growing areas both under irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2010.

• The grain yield losses were investigated in susceptible varieties ranges between 20 to 50% in farmer fields.

Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, North of Tajikistan

VarietyAverage Yield, t/ha Yellow Rust

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010

Nota 4.7 4.3 5.2 4.2 2.8 70S

Krasnodar-99 5.5 5.2 4.7 5.0 2.7 60S

Lastochka 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 3.6 40S

Delta 4.6 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.0 50S

Krasota 6.0 5.4 4.7 5.0 3.5 50S

Alex 4.5 4.7 4.0 4.0 2.7 40S

Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, Central Part of Tajikistan

VarietyAverage Yield, t/ha Yellow Rust

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010

Nota 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.5 2.8 80S

Krasnodar-99 5.6 5.0 6.5 5.0 3.2 70S

Yasaul - - 6.5 6.0 3.4 50S

Lastochka 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.0 3.2 50S

Alex 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.0 2.8 60S

YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS

• During Survey and Monitoring yellow rust samples were collected for race analysis

• The yellow rust were submitted to GRRC• The yellow rust race analysis was done

according Hovmøller & Justesen, 2007 • The identification of YR races were based on

26 differential varieties and 8 NIL in Avocet S background

RACE ANALYSIS

• A total of five races were detected within 14 recovered isolates, based on differential varieties

• We used differentials carrying: Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr25, Yr27 and Yr32

• Three races were multi-virulent, combining virulence towards Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr9, Yr25 and Yr32

• Four races had virulence towards Yr27

YELLOW RUST TRAP NURSERY IN 2010

• 3rd IYRTN was provided through ICARDA• Trap nursery was used to survey the presence

of individuals factor of the yellow rust population in 2010

Virulence and Avirulence Genes in Yellow Rust Trap Nursery in 2010

• Virulence Genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, YrA, YrSp, Yr21, Yr22, 23, Yr27, Yr29, Yr31 and Yr32

• Avirulence Genes: Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr17

NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010

• The role of National Wheat Breeding Program is high importance in collaboration with Int. Centers

• International cooperation has been established within the framework of National Wheat Breeding program

Utilized Germplasm for Wheat Breeding Cycle in 2010

• Breeding genotypes were obtained from CIMMYT, IWWIP, ICARDA and OSU

• Three widely grown varieties were used as a local reference in each nursery namely Navruz, Alex and Starshina

Selection Process in the North of Tajikistan

Final Selection in Central of Tajikistan

Results

• High level of YR were recorded in the breeding trials over three locations

• 70% of breeding lines were damaged by YR and was showed susceptible reactions from 30S to 100S in the breeding nurseries

The Number of Selected Genotypes in 2010 from Different Nurseries

№ Nursery 2010 Number of Entries Replication Selected 2011, Nursery

1 30th ESWYT 50 1 16 OBSERVATION2 17th SAWYT 50 1 14 OBSERVATION3 MEXICAN SEL 90 1 13 OBSERVATION4 1st WWSRRN 100 1 2 OBSERVATION5 3rd STEMRRSN 110 1 20 OBSERVATION6 4th STEMRRSN 130 1 16 OBSERVATION7 17th FAWWON-IR 185 1 7 OBSERVATION8 F3HR USA 1060 HR 1 90 OBSERVATION9 F2 USA 335 1 36 HEAD ROWS

10 13th IWWYT-IR 40 2 4 PYT11 OBSERVATION 57 1 18 PYT12 PYT 21 3 10 YT13 YT 20 3 8 MYT14 MYT 16 3 5 SCVT

Submitted advanced lines for official testing in 2010

• OTUS/TOBA97, • HUAYUN INIA, • KAUZ*2/CHEN//BCN/3/MILAN,• CBRD/KAUZ, • CMH82A.1294/2*KAUZ//MUNIA/CHTO/3/

MILAN.

Conclusions

• Yellow rust is an important disease in Tajikistan• Annually conducting of survey and monitoring are

necessary to define status of yellow rust in Tajikistan.

• Yield loss in seed farm were ranged from 20-50%• Wheat breeding programs must strengthen in

cooperation with International Wheat Breeding programs to enhance the germplasm collection which resistance for yellow rust and other diseases

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• ICARDA• CIMMYT• Global Rust Reference Center• IWWIP• Oklahoma State University• BGRI• FAO