brian maginnityaugust 2004. aerial photography 2 are you being served ? uproducts (films, papers)...

Brian MaginnityBrian Maginnity August 2004August 2004

Aerial PhotographyAerial Photography

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Are you being served ?

Products (films, papers) for black & white photography

Products (films, papers) for colour photography

Technical advice in application set-up

After sale application support: Processing (tests), environmental issues, sensitometer,pre- exposed wedges, etc...


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Black & White Products

Recording film

Duplicating film

Photographic paper (Agfa Aerial Paper)

Chemicals (Agfa Aerial Products)

Processors (Colenta)

Dodging printer (Scanatron)


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Black & White Recording Films

Assortment

Applications

Use

Product Profile and Requirements

Characteristics

Imaging Techniques


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Black & White Recording FilmsAssortment

FilmsFilms ProcessingProcessing

Aviphot Pan 80

Aviphot Pan 200 Colenta Aerial Processors

Aviphot Pan 400 S Versamat and other continuoustone processors


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Black & White Recording FilmsApplications

Photogrammetry (mapping, cadaster )

tendency to use colour images is obvious

emerging competition of digital airborne

Inventory Studies (NIR sensitivity)

satellite imagery /Digital airborne

false colour IR films (no Agfa product)


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Film for recon applications

Reconnaissance (Oblique and vertical )

airborne- SAR is latest battlefield technology

UAV with video for close recon.

Film still valid because:

high definition imagery / large footprint

universality and compatibility

sturdy and operational (can be scanned too !)


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Black & White Recording FilmsUse

Aviphot Pan 80Aviphot Pan 80

High altitude (with FMC at low, medium to high altitudes) Used as pan-chromatic B/W duplication film (from colour negs.)

Military and civilian applications

Aviphot Pan 200Aviphot Pan 200

Low, medium or high altitude

Military and civilian applications


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Black and White recording filmsUse

Aviphot Pan 400SAviphot Pan 400S

Low altitude or high contrast objects

allows for uncritical film exposure.

optimised for film scanning

military and civilian applications

Pan 400s PE0 major business in security camera


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Black & White Recording FilmsProduct Profile & Requirements

Good detail rendering:

Extended sensitivity into the near infrared (less scattering, higher reflection)

High resolution

Maximum speed minimum granularity

Appropriate processing and sensitometry

Dimensional stability

Easy scanning

Good physical properties


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Black & White Recording FilmsCharacteristics

Aviphot Pan 80 PE1Aviphot Pan 80 PE1

Popular film in mapping community

Excellent contrast range – variable in processing

Very high resolution

Extended near infra-red sensitivity


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Black & White Recording FilmsApplications

Aviphot Pan 80 PE1 and Pan 80 PE0Aviphot Pan 80 PE1 and Pan 80 PE0 High resolution panchromatic duplication film

Military reconnaissance up to 30.000 ft (with AD74)

Cartography: replaces Pan 200 very fine grain

best scanning results

larger blow ups

more scales in one photo flight.


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Black & White Recording FilmsCharacteristics

Aviphot Pan 200 PE1 and Pan 200 PE0Aviphot Pan 200 PE1 and Pan 200 PE0 Main military / mapping film (average light conditions) NIR extension used in forestry applications

Large contrast variation during processing (at 30 °C during 20 to 70 s)

low gamma high gamma

In G 74 0.80 1.80

In Kodak 885 developer 0.85 1.70


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Black & White Recording FilmsCharacteristics: Spectral Sensitivity

Spectral sensitivity of Aviphot Pan 200Spectral sensitivity of Aviphot Pan 200

--- D = 0.3 above fog

— D = 1.0 above fog

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Wavelength (nm)

Log sensitivity


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Black & White Recording FilmsCharacteristics: Spectral Sensitivity

Extended spectral sensitivity into the near infraredExtended spectral sensitivity into the near infrared

Wavelength (nm)

Relative spectral reflection curves of different surfaces

Water

Asphalt roadsDry meadowsDesert

Wet meadowsAutumnal woodsFresh snow

Lime stone

100

80

60

40

20

0400 500 600 700 800 900

Percentageof reflectance


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Black & White Recording FilmsCharacteristics: spectral response in lab

Test wedgesTest wedges

731 nm filterno filter






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Black & White Recording Films Characteristics: spectral response in lab

The impact of filters on the sensitometry - ExampleThe impact of filters on the sensitometry - ExampleCharacteristic curve of Aviphot Pan 200 with different filters

log It

1 23

4

5

6

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.2

0.9

0.6

0.3

0.0

3 2.70 2.40 2.10 1.80 1.50 1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30 0¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

D

Curve Filter Speedpoint exp

AverageGradient

1 - 2.34 1.252 L 410 2.24 1.213 L 519 2.09 1.204 L 580 1.67 1.185 L 650 1.57 1.156 L 731 1.16 1.11

Proc : G74c, 30 °C, 40 seconds


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The blue component of white light is heavily affected by the front and back scatter.

The near infrared spectral reflection is hardly affected.

The near infrared reflected image shows the best resolution.

The back scatter of the blue light illuminates the shadows

Black & White Recording FilmsImaging Techniques


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650 nm filter515 nm filter


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Two different imaging techniquesTwo different imaging techniques

Yellow filter

Agfa system:Agfa system: Blue + green + red + near infrared

Other system:Other system: Diminished blue + green + red

Blue light

Green light

Red light

Near infrared lightFilm plane Object


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Instead of having no image details in the black shadows, the image details are revealed by the front scatter of the blue light

Resulting picture — Agfa system with blue light informationResulting picture — Agfa system with blue light information



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Advantages of the Agfa systemAdvantages of the Agfa system

No loss of “blue” shadow information

No loss of “blue” contribution to overall speed

Better haze penetration (sensitized into the near infrared)

Better image differentiation in density levels on film


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Pan 400s

Replaces Pan 200s Target applications ?

Survey market for wide latitude applications

Survey market for low light / long shadow

Military market for reconnaissance


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Black & White Duplicating Materials

Films

Photographic papers


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Black & White Duplicating FilmsAssortment

Duplicating filmsDuplicating films

Avitone P 0 p, P 1 p, P 3 pP1pHR

Direct duplicating filmsDirect duplicating films

Avitone PD 1pOS

Avitone PD 3pOS

Processing in

Colenta aerial processorsVersamat and other continuous tone processors


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Black and White Duplicating filmsAssortment

Diapostive films: P0p,P1p,P3p

Films with contrast gain (gamma 1.3 (20s) to 1.6 (70s)) For mapping on analogue equipment Contracting market

P1pHR extremely fine grain for scanner use extremely sharp images low density for best S/N range on scanners suited for “identical copy”


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Black and White duplicating filmsAssortment

Direct duplication films PD1p OS

For creating an identical copy of an original “OS” means “open skies” Many archive duplication projects around

PD3p OS No competition product Important for duplication of archives


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OPEN SKIES


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Black & White PapersAssortment

Rapitone P1-P2 fixed grade paper

Rapitone M2 multicontrast paper

Paper prints = diminishing sales for Agfa

market color oriented

Military: big volume, bottom price market

market fade-out depends on market situation in 2004


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Black & White Processing & Chemicals

Quality Goals for density range

Processing chemicals


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Black & White ProcessingGoals

Recording filmsRecording films

Standard processing + film/chemistry (G74c) combination of same manufacturer: best image trade-off

Under-processing:

better grain and sharpness, lower speed and gradation

enough light ? Fixing ? Washing ?

Over-processing:

larger grain and less sharpness, speed and contrast gain


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Duplicating filmsDuplicating films

Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access developers(e.g. G 101)

For projection only: Look for an average gradient between 1.2 and 1.5

For use on a scanner: Low densities generate low digital image noise Look for a density difference of max 0.6 (also recording

films) Look for lowest possible fog level (Dmin)


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Photographic PaperPhotographic Paper

Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access developers(e.g. G 101)

Little impact of chemistry on the sensitometry

Development agent in the paper coating

Select grade to match density difference in the recording film


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Black & White ProcessingProcessing chemicals

DevelopersDevelopers G 74 c (recording film, duplicating film and paper) V-dev (duplicating film and paper) AD 74 (booster of G74c)

FixersFixers G 333 c/ V-fix + aditan (10ml/liter), replenishment rate 500

ml/m²

Development conditionsDevelopment conditions Typical for the used chemicals

G 74 c: 30 °C, replenishment rate 250 - 300 ml/m² V-dev: 35 °C, replenishment rate 250 ml/ m²


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Black and White ProcessingProcessing chemicals

AD74 in combination with new developer G 74 c andAD74 in combination with new developer G 74 c andstarter G 74 sstarter G 74 s

Allows fast processing (40 seconds sensitometry at 20 seconds)

40 seconds sensitometry is steeper and faster Can be airshipped without restrictions

Fixer G 333 c / V-fix + Aditan hardenerFixer G 333 c / V-fix + Aditan hardener

Fast fixer (minimum recommended fixing time = 20 seconds)

Can be airshipped without restrictions


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Open Skies

Agfa’s Black & White SystemAgfa’s Black & White Systemfor Aerial Photographyfor Aerial Photography

==

Open SystemOpen System


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Colour Products

Recording film

Copying materials

Chemicals


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Recording Film

Assortment

Use

Product Profile and Requirements

Characteristics


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Recording FilmAssortment

FilmsFilms Processing systemsProcessing systems

Aviphot Color X100 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41)

Aviphot Color X400 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41)

Aviphot Color N400 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41

Aviphot Color N800 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (=C41)

Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP44 (= E6)


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Recording FilmUse

Aviphot Color X400 PE1Aviphot Color X400 PE1

Low to high altitudes (600 m to 8000 m)

Normal colour saturation

Un-masked colour negative film


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Recording FilmUse

Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1

Low to high altitudes (600 m to 6000 m)

Regular colour saturation

Improved colour rendering system since 2002


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Recording FilmCharacteristics

Aviphot Color N400 PE1Aviphot Color N400 PE1 Multi-purpose film Can be imaged at 400 ASA and 640 ASA speed setting

400 ASA = regular colour saturation when processed for 3 min 17 seconds

640 ASA = high colour saturation when processed for 5 min 20 seconds;Used in early and late season, or for flights in poor light conditions

Low granularity, very good resolution (emulsion based on the APS film technology)


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Aviphot color X100 PE1

Unmasked negative aerial film

High color saturation (inter-image effects )

Processes well in C-41or AP70.

APS film generation

extremely low grain

very high sharpness (highest in the market)

Back-layer against scratches and anti-Newton rings


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Recording filmsCharacteristics

Low to high altitude film

3min15s development: low contrast ( important for large scale in winter period = long shadows)

5min 20s development: high contrast ( altitudes up to 25.000 ft - no color quipping in the image)

Designed for scanning

Low and neutral Dmin

bright and pure colors

no or little color balance adjustments after inversion


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X-100 : AN-6 and C-41 processing ?- initial AN-6 development: OK-present AN-6 generates a high fog on X-100

“ we are dealing with this problem “


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X-100 with improved UV layer

-2

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730

3026_1 N147

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730

M 5068_7


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Recording filmsCharacteristics

Aviphot color N800 PE1 masked color negative processable in C-41

low altitude/ low light / fast moving object applications military and civil applications

regular color saturation type

High speed (800 to 1600 asa when pushed )

PET base with Special back for fast film transport/winding

APS film

fine grain, high sharpness


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Copying Materials

Assortment

Characteristics


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Copying MaterialsAssortment

Copying FilmCopying Film ProcessingProcessing

Avitone CP 94 Agfacolor Process AP94 Diaps from masked

an unmasked negatives (= RA-4)

°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

Avitone CP70 Agfacolor Process AP70

High quality diaps from Agfacolor Process AP94

masked and unmasked negs ( = C-41 or RA-4)


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Colour duplication filmCharacteristics

Avitone CP70 Extreme high resolution film for color diapositives

Extreme fine grain

Smooth color rendering

low contrast for shadow detail for large scale applications

On 180µ (7 mils) Pet stable base

Allows copying of high res films (X100,N400) without losses

UNRIVALED QUALITY

Universal processing.

longer exposure times than CP94


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Copying MaterialsCharacteristics

Avitone CP 94Avitone CP 94

Generates slides from colour negatives High sensitivity shortens exposure time and boosts

production Short processing time contributes to swift colour

corrections Processing in AP94 or RA-4 chemicals (in Duraclear mode) Freshening of flat colours Accepts writing by laser (for contacts or projections) Colour density range up to 3 Dimensionally stable PET on 180 µm base


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CP 70 / CP 94 IMAGES

cp70cp94


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Copying materialsAssortment

PapersPapers

Rapitone aerial color paper C1 (glossy)

Rapitone aerial color paper C2 (semi-matt)

- restricted assortment of formats and rolls

- regular saturation paper

- AP94 processing = RA-4 processing


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After Sales Application SupportProcessing Control

SPC (Statistics Process Control) support programmeSPC (Statistics Process Control) support programme

Pre-exposed wedges on Pan 200

Sensitometric graph paper for B/W curves

Aerial SensitometerAerial Sensitometer

Aviphot Perfect unexposed wedges on Aviphot Pan 200


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AVISENSE


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Dodging Printer

ScanatronScanatron

Roll film handling

High energy output = short exposure times

Colour and B/W film handling

World-wide Scanatron support


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P11AN ECM-dodging printerwith automatic transport


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Processors

ColentaColenta

Full range of aerial colour and black-and-white processors

Colour and B/W paper processing

World-wide Colenta support


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Barbieri Densitometers

Hand held Densitometers For paper and film / colour and black & white

Colour Management System

QC-Xpert Software for process control

Agfa - Scanatron - ColentaAgfa - Scanatron - Colenta

The Winning TeamThe Winning Team

brian maginnityaugust 2004. aerial photography 2 are you being served ? uproducts (films, papers)...

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