brick masonry fall 09
TRANSCRIPT
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Definitions & HistoryMortarBrick MasonryConcrete MasonryStone Masonry
Brick Masonary That’s Masonry not Masonary….dummy!
University of Virginia LibraryThomas Jefferson – Architect
Third President of the United States.
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Very very very brief History
Native field stones piled upon one another without mortar Sod or dried mud Clay & silt 1000 A.D. The Romans: perfected arch and vault, built forum buildings, theaters,
baths, aqueducts & homes – temples like the Parthanon! Mud joints
– Kept out wind & rain– Gave a level building surface
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Mortar Functions
• Provides for full bearing
• Seals between masonry units
• Adheres / bonds masonry units
• Aesthetics
•20%± of wall area•Affects the color and texture of masonry wall•Mortar specified in testing standard ASTM C-270
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Mortar Ingredients
• Portland Cement
• Hydrated Lime
• Sand
• Water
• Admixtures (optional)
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TYPES OF MORTAR: “MSNOK”
• Type "M" (High): Strength (2500 psi) High lateral and compressive loads & below grade uses
• Type "S" (Medium-High): Strength (1800 psi) High flexural and normal compressive loads (most common)
• Type "N" (Medium): Strength (750 psi) General above grade uses (almost useless)
• Type "O" (Medium-Low): Strength (350 psi) Non-Load bearing walls (pretty useless)
• Type "K" (Low): Strength (75 psi) Non-Load bearing where permitted (fairly useless)
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Brick Positions:
StretcherHeaderSoldierShinerRowlockSailor
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Course: Continuous layer
Wythe: Continuous vertical section
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Basic Brickwork Terminology
BedJoint
HeadJoint
Course - horizontal layer of brick
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Basic Brickwork Terminology
Header - Bonds two wythes together Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick
Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel
Rowlock - laid on face, end visible
Stretcher - long dimension horizontal & face parallel to the wall
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Corbel Shelf or ledge formed by projecting successive courses of masonry out from the face of a wall
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Quions Stone blocks used to form strong corners.
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Considerations in Choosing Brick
• Molding process
• Color
• Size
• Grade
• Type
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“Molded” or “Handmade” solid units pressed into fiberglass, wood or steel molds used to be by hand, now machines sand or water coated molds to release
bricks usually rougher surface and edges
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EXTRUDED pushed through a dye & then cut by wire “kinda’ like square toothpaste”
• hollow core• formed into a column and cut to size with wires• usually smoother surface and finer edges
However, most brick is……….
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Firing Process:
PERIODIC KILN
TUNNEL KILN
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Brick Masonry - Sizes and Shapes• No standard size
• Normal coursing - 3 bricks h = 8” (including mortar joints so it aligns with 8” block (CMU)
• Larger sizes mostly for economy• Custom Shapes & Colors ($$$$$)
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Sizes: MODULAR 8”
STANDARD 75/8”
THREE-INCH OVERSIZE ROMAN NORMAN SIX-INCH JUMBO JUMBO
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Brick MasonryImportant Qualities
Grade:Weatherability: evaluates how the bricks will hold up
to weather exposure (freeze/thaw, rain, etc.)
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Grades:Facing Bricks: evaluates the uniformity of shape, dimension, texture &
color
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Brick Bonds
– Running bond– Stacked bond
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Brick Joints WEATHERED CONCAVE VEE FLUSH RAKED STRIPPED STRUCK
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Wood Mold
Extruded – Wire Cut Extruded – Smooth
Extruded – Raked
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Joint Color that “Blends” w/ Brick Color
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Concave Joints
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Flush Joints
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Racked Joints
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• Layout & Leads
• Line
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Stationary Scaffolding
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Adjustable Scaffold
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Tooling Joints
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Spanning Masonry Openings
• Lintels– Purpose– Materials
• Reinforced Concrete
• Reinforced Brick
• Steel Angles
• Arches
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Cleaning Masonry
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Steel Lintel
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