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1
LIST OF DOCUMENTS ATTACHED FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CLEARANCE OF MINING ACTIVITY
S.NO. Item Page Nos.
1 Basic Information of Project 3
2 Form 1 M and Form 1 4-8
3 Pre-Feasibility Report including Environmental Management
System-for the mining activity
9-28
4 Mining Plan cum Environmental Management Plan indicating
the following
28-36
a) All mitigation measures for each item-wise activity to
undertaken during the construction operation and the entire life
cycle to minimize adverse environmental impacts as result of the
activities of the project
b) Compliance of various environmental regulations.
c) Steps to be taken in case of emergency such as accidents at the
sites including fire.
d) For how long period the project proponent will be responsible
for implementation of EMP and the name of the person
responsible for implementation of emp.
e) Capital & recurring cost for the EMP per year and the details
of funds for the same.
f) Name of the individual persons/organization, who will be
responsible for implementation of EMOP after the lapse of the
period for which the project proponent is responsible .
Undertaking to the effect that there is no other area of
borrowing/excavation within a radius of 500M from the
proposed area of borrowing/excavation
37
5 Undertaking as per office memorandum dated 24th june 2013 38-39
6 Copy of approval for mining. 40
7 Copy of Proof of Ownership of Land & Lease Deed 41-42
8 Current Photographs of mining sites 43-44
9 Latha Map 45
10
Jamabandi 46
2
PRIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE
OF
BRICKS EARTH MINING PROJECT
BRICKS EARTH MINING SITE ( 1.25 HECTARES)
LOCATED AT
VILLAGE : KHERI MANDLAN
TEHSIL : PATIALA
DISTRICT : PATIALA
STATE : PUNJAB
SUBMITTED BY :-
NAME OF CONTRACTOR : M/S GURU NANAK ENTERPRISES
ADDRESS VILLAGE AT RAIPUR TEHSIL AND DISTRICT PATIALA
3
APPENDIX VIII
Form 1 M
APPLICATION FOR MINING OF MINOR MINERALS UNDER CATEGORY ‘B2’
FORLESS THAN AND EQUAL TO FIVE HECTARE
(I) Basic Information
S.No. Particulates Details
1 Name of the Mining Lease site VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN
2 Location/ site (GPS Co-ordinates) Latitud
e 30.3751447
Longitu
de 76.5148607
3 Size of the Mining Lease (Hectare) 1.25 Ha
4 Capacity of Mining Lease (TPA) 13500 TPA(ROM)
5 Period of Mining Lease 12-04-2018 to 12-4-2020
6 Expected cost of the project Rs 4 Lacs
7 Contact Information M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala
(II) Environmental Sensitivity
Sr
No
.
Areas Distance in kilometer/ Details
1 Distance of project site from nearest rail
or road bridge over the concerned
River, Rivulet, Nallah
etc.
No rail or road bridge over the
concerned River, Rivulet, Nallah
Near Mining Site
2 Distance from infrastructural facilities:- I. Railway line No Railway line Near Mining Site
II. National Highway No National Highway Near Mining Site III. State Highway No State Highway Near Mining Site IV. Major District Road Patiala Ghanaur Road V. Any Other Road Harpalpur Patiala Road
VI. Electric transmission line pole or Tower No Electric transmission line pole or
Tower VII. Canal or check dam or reservoirs or lake
or ponds
No
VIII. In-take for drinking water pump house No In-take for drinking water pump
house IX. Intake for Irrigation canal pumps No Intake for Irrigation canal pumps
3 Areas protected under international
conventions, national or legislation
for their ecological, landcaps, cultural
or other related value.
No such area is located within the 15
KM radius of the mining lease
area.
4 Areas which are important or sensitive
for ecological reasons- Wetlands,
watercourses or other water bodies,
coastal zone,biospheres, mountains,
forests.
• Wetland NA
• Forest NA
• Mountains NA
4
5 Areas used by protected, important or
sensitive species of flora or fauna for
breeding, nesting, foraging, over
wintering, migration.
None
6 Inland, coastal, marine or underground
waters
No such area is located within the 15
KM radius of the Mining lease
area.
7 State, National boundaries - Haryana Near about 18.7
8 Routes or facilities used by the public for
access to recreation or other tourist,
pilgrim areas
None
9 Defense installations None
10 Densely populated or built- up area,
distance from nearest human
habitation
1600 Meter appr.
11 Areas occupied by sensitive manmade
lands uses (hospitals, schools, places
of worship, community facilities)
• No Hospital
• Worship Place 1100 meter
• Community facilities 1000 meter
12 Areas containing important, high quality
or scarce resources (ground water
resources, surface resources, forestry,
agriculture, fisheries, tourism,
minerals)
Same as item No 4
13 Areas already subjected to pollution or
environmental damage.(those where
existing legal environmental
standards are exceeded)
The area is not subjected to the
pollution or environmental
damage
14 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which
could cause the project to present
environmental standards problems
(earthquakes, subsidence, landslides,
erosion, flooding or extreme or
adverse climatic conditions)
Seismic Zone -II
15 Is proposed mining site located cover or
near fissure / fracture for ground
water recharge
No
16 Whether the proposal involves approval
or clearance under the following
Regulation or Acts,
namely:-
(a) The Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980;
(b) The Wildlife (Protection)Act,1972;
(c) The Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification, 2011.
If yes, details of the same and their
status to be given.
All three are not applicable
17 Forest land involved (hectares) Nil
18 Whether there is any litigation pending
against the project and/or land in
which the project is propose to be set
up?
No litigation pending against the
project.
5
(a) Name of the Court
(b) Case No.
(c) Orders or directions of the Court, if
any, and its relevance with the
proposed project.
(Signature of Project Proponent
Along with name and address)
FORM 1 (I) Basic Information
S. No. Item Details
6
1. Name Of the Project VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN
2. S. No. in the Schedule 1(a)
3. Proposed capacity/area/length/tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/ number of well to be drilled
Mining of Ordinary earth in area of 1.25 hectares of land
4. New/Expansion/Modernization New Project
5. Existing capacity/ Area etc. New mining activity in an area of 1.25 hectares of land
6. Category of Project i.e. `A’ or `B’ B2
Expected Cost of Project 6 Lac
7. Does it attract the general Condition? If yes, please specify
Yes
8. Does it attract the specific condition? If yes, please specify
No
9.
Location VILLAGE KHERI MANDLAN
Plot/ Survey/ Khasra No.
HADBAST NO 338 1) KHATONI NO 23 KHEWAT 12/21 KHASRA NO 713/236 ( 4-0), 709/213(3-0)706/212(3-0) 705/211(1-15)703/210(0-19)252(2-7) Total 15 Bigge 1 Biswe ( 1.25 Hectare)
Village Kheri Mandlan
Tehsil Patiala
District Patiala
State Punjab
10. Nearest Railway Station/ Airport along with distance in Kms.
Railway Station Kauli 4.5 KM Airport Chandigarh 42.4 KM
11. Nearest Town, City, District Headquarter along with distance in Kms.
Nearest Town- Ghanaur 8.7 KM Nearest city- Ghanaur 8.7 KM Distt. Headquarter-Patiala 11.3 KM
12.
Village Panchayats, Zila Parishad, Municipal Corporation, Local Body (Complete Postal Addresses with Telephone nos. to be given)
Village Panchayat Kheri Mandlan
13. Name of the Applicant M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises
14. Registered Address Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala
15.
Address for correspondence: As above
Name Ravinder Kaur
Designation (Owner/ Partner/ CEO) Prop
Address As above
Pin Code 147001
E-mail -
Telephone No. 9614012593
Fax No. -
16. Details of alternate sites examined, if any. Location of these sites should be shown on a topo sheet.
N.A
17. Interlinked Projects No
7
18. Whether separate application of interlinked project has been submitted?
No
19. If yes, date of submission N.A.
20. If no, reason N.A.
21.
Whether the proposal involves approval/ clearance under: if yes, details of the same and their status to be given.
(a) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980?
(b) The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972?
(c) The C.R.Z. Notification, 1991?
No
22. Whether there is any Government Order/ Policy Relevent? Relating to the site?
No
23. Forest Land Involved (Hectares) N.A.
24.
Whether there is any litigation pending against the project and/or land in which the project is proposed to be set up?
(a) Name of the Court (b) Case No. (c) Orders/ directions of the court, if
any and its relevance with the proposed project.
No litigation is pending against the project
I, hereby given undertaking that the data and information given in the application
and enclosures are true to the best of my knowledge and belief and I am aware that if any part of
the data and information submitted is found to be false or misleading at any stage, the project will
be rejected and clearance give, if any to the project will be revoked at our risk and cost.
Date: Signature of the applicant
8
PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM-FOR THE MINING ACTIVITY
BASIC INFORMATION
Name of the Project:
Mining of Bricks Earth by M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala Location / site alternatives under consideration:
Village Kheri Mandlan Tehsil and District Patiala Chaina as marked on the 'Aksh
Sajra'. There is no alternate site.
Size of the Project: *
Mining of clay will be done in an area of 1.25 in hectares.
Expected cost of the project:
About Rs. 6 Lacs
Contact Information:
Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh # 350 Phase 1 Radio Station Urban Estate
patiala.
Screening Category:
The project comes under category 1 (a) as per the EIA notification dated
14.09.2006 and 'General Condition' does not apply to this category. The project
comes under category – B2 and is to be appraised by the DEIAA/DEAC, Punjab.
• Capacity corresponding to sectoral activity (such as production capacity for
manufacturing, mining lease area and production capacity for mineral
production, area for mineral exploration, length for linear transport
infrastructure, generation capacity for power generation etc.,)
• Earlier, the mining of Bricks earth was not covered under environmental
laws, since most of the Bricks earth extraction work in the country are
having mining activities in area less than 5 hectares and Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi had exempted areas less
than 5 hectares for obtaining environmental Clearance. Now, as per
MoEF Office Memorandum dated 18th May, 2012, all the mining
activities irrespective of the mining area are required to get
Environmental Clearance from them before starting any mining activity
and as per office memorandumdated 24th June, 2013 and No. J-
9
13012/12/2013-IA-1I (I) Dated 24th December, 2013 the activities of
borrowing/excavation of ordinary earth' upto an area less than 5
hectares, comes under category 'B2'. And Ministry of Environment and
Forest and Climate change in pursuance of amendment dated
15.01.2016 has issued a notification no. S.O. 190 (E) dated 20.01.2016
Annexure 'II' constitutes the District Level Environment Impact
Assessment Authority (DEIAA), for grant of environmental clearance
for Category ‘B2’ Projects for mining of minor minerals, for all the
districts in the country.
• Keeping in line with the requirements of Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF), Government of India Mining Contractor, Village Kheri
Mandlan, through Ravinder Kaur is applying for the environmental
clearance of their proposed mining activity for Bricks earth.
(I) Activity
1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions,
which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use,
changes in water bodies, etc.)
S.No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities /rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
1.1 Permanent or temporary change in
land use, land cover or topography
including increase in intensity of
land use (with respect to local land
use plan)
No The site is used for agricultural purposes.
The owner of the land is giving land on
lease for the excavation of brick earth for
leveling of land as per surrounding area.
1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation
and buildings?
No There would not be any clearance of
land, vegetation and buildings.
1.3 Creation of new land uses?
No The land would be used for agricultural
purposes only.
1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g.
bore houses, soil testing?
No No foundations will be constructed at
site. So, bore holes and soil testing are
not required.
1.5 Construction works?
No After getting the clearance from
DEAC/DEIAA, then promoters would
start excavation of brick earth upto 2ft
depth only.
1.6 Demolition works?
No There would not be any demolition
work.
10
1.7 Temporary sites used for construction
works or housing of construction
workers?
No No construction will be carried out for
housing of construction workers.
1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or
earthworks including linear structures,
cut and fill or excavations
No There would not be any above ground
buildings, structures or earth works.
Only digging of soil upto 2 ft would be
done for mining of brick earth.
1.9 Underground works including mining
or tunneling?
Yes Mining of brick earth upto 2 ft would be
done for extraction of brick earth.
1.10 Reclamation works?
No There would not be any reclamation
works.
1.11 Dredging?
No There would not be any dredging.
1.12 Offshore structures? No There would not be any offshore
structure.
1.13 Production and manufacturing
processes?
No There would not be any production
process. Only mining operation would
be carried out.
1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or
materials?
Yes The brick earth so excavated would be
stored at the brick kiln site for the
production of raw bricks.
1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of
solid waste or liquid effluents?
No No solid wastes would be generated
from the project. Domestic effluent
would be treated in septic tank before its
use for irrigation purposes within the
project area.
1.16 Facilities for long term housing of
operational workers?
No There would not be any long term
housing of operational workers.
1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during
construction or operation?
No There would not be any new road, rail or
sea traffic during construction or
operation.
1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or other
transport infrastructure including new
or altered routes and stations, ports,
airports etc?
No There would not be any new road, rail,
air waterborne or other transport
infrastructure including new nor altered
routes and stations, ports, airports etc.
1.19 Closure or diversion of existing
transport routes or infrastructure
leading to changes in traffic
movements?
No There would not be any closure or
diversion of existing transport routes or
infrastructure leading to changes in
traffic movements.
11
1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or
pipelines?
No There would not be any new
transmission line or pipelines.
1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting,
realignment or other changes to the
hydrology of watercourses or
aquifers?
No There would not be any impoundment,
damming, culverting, realignment or
other changes to the hydrology of
watercourses or aquifers.
1.22 Stream crossings?
No There is no stream crossing at/near the
site.
1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water form
ground or surface waters?
Yes Groundwater would be abstracted
around 6 KLD for domestic and spraying
use at the kiln site.
1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land
surface affecting drainage or run-off?
No There would be no change in water
bodies or the land surface affecting
drainage or run-off.
1.25 Transport of personnel or materials for
construction, operation or
decommissioning?
Yes A limited manpower about 6 persons
would be required from local level for
the mining work. There would not be
any decommissioning activity.
1.26 Long-term dismantling or
decommissioning or restoration
works?
No There is no long-term dismantling or
decommissioning or restoration works.
1.27 Ongoing activity during
decommissioning which could have an
impact on the environment?
No There is no ongoing activity during
decommissioning which could have an
impact on the environment.
1.28 Influx of people to an area in either
temporarily or permanently?
No There would not be any influx of people
to an area in either temporarily or
permanently.
1.29 Introduction of alien species?
No There are no alien species in and around
the unit.
1.30 Loss of native species or genetic
diversity?
Nil There would not be any loss of native
species or genetic diversity.
1.31 Any other actions?
Nil -
2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land,
water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in
short supply):
S.No.
Information/checklist confirmation
Yes/No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities /rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
12
2.1 Land especially undeveloped or
agricultural land (ha)
Yes Around 1.25 hectares of land is to be
mined for excavation of brick earth. The
land is to be leveled w.r.t. the
surrounding area.
2.2 Water (expected source & competing
users) unit: KLD
Yes The total quantity of water consumption
for domestic and spraying use would be
around 6 KL/day
2.3 Minerals (MT) Yes Brick earth from the land would be
recovered upto a depth of 2 ft.
2.4 Construction material – stone,
aggregates, sand / soil (expected source –
MT)
No No construction material is required for
the mining activity.
2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No No forest/timber is required for the unit.
2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels
(source, competing users) Unit: fuel
(MT), energy (MW)
Yes Energy in the form of diesel would be
required for the excavation of brick
earth.
2.7 Any other natural resources (use
appropriate standard units)
No
3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could
be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or
perceived risks to human health.
S.No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
3.1 Use of substances or materials, which
are hazardous (as per MSIHC rules) to
human health or the environment
(flora, fauna, and
water supplies)
No There would not be any use of
substances or materials, which are
hazardous as per Hazardous Wastes
(Management, Handling & Trans
boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 to
human health or the environment.
3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or
affect disease vectors (e.g. insect or
water borne diseases)
No There would not be any change in
occurrence of disease or affect disease
vectors.
3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by
changing living conditions?
No The project would not affect the welfare
of people.
3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who
could be affected by the project e.g.
No No vulnerable groups of people would
be affected by the project.
13
hospital patients, children, the elderly
etc.,
3.5 Any other causes
No -
4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning
(MT/month)
S.No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes The top soil 6" to 12" from the top
surface would be generated. The top soil
would be stored separately and would be
reused for the final leveling of land after
excavation of the brick earth.
4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or
commercial wastes)
No There would not be any Municipal
Waste.
4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous
Waste Management Rules)
No No hazardous wastes would be
generated.
4.4 Other industrial process wastes
No There would not be any other industrial
process wastes.
4.5 Surplus product
No There would not be any surplus product.
The finished product would not be stored
for long term in the industry.
4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from
effluent treatment
No There will be about 4 KLD generation of
domestic effluent and whole of the
sewage after treatment in septic tank will
be used for irrigation purposes within the
industry.
4.7 Construction or demolition wastes No There would not be generation of any
construction or demolition wastes from
the unit.
4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment No There would not be any redundant
machinery or equipment in the unit.
4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials No There would not be any contaminated
soils or other materials in the unit.
14
4.10 Agricultural wastes
No There would not be any agricultural
wastes in the unit.
4.11 Other solid wastes
No There will not be any other solid waste
from the unit.
5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)
S.No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil
fuels from stationary or mobile sources
Yes There would be a generation of
emissions from the combustion of fossil
fuels from the operation of vehicles
during the excavation of the brick earth.
The emissions generations would be
minimal and will not have any
significant impact on the ambient air
quality of the area.
5.2 Emissions from production processes Yes Air emissions would be generated from
the mining of brick earth which would
be suppressed by spraying of water.
5.3 Emissions from materials handling
including storage or transport
Yes Air emissions would be generated from
the handling and storage of brick earth
would be suppressed by spraying of
water.
5.4 Emissions from construction activities
including plant and equipment
No No construction activity will be carried
out.
5.5 Dust or odours from handling of
materials including construction
materials, sewage and waste
No There would not be any dust or odours
from handling of materials including
construction materials, sewage and
waste etc.
5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste No No incineration of waste will be carried
out.
5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in
open air (e.g. slash materials,
construction debris)
No No burning of waste will be carried out.
5.8 Emissions from any other sources
Nil
Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:
15
S. No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/ No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data with
source of information data
6.1
From operation of equipment e.g.
engines, ventilation plant, crushers
Yes
No significant noise pollution would be
generated from the operation of brick
earth mining, operation of vehicles etc.
6.2
From industrial or similar processes
No
No industrial process would be carried
out.
6.3
From construction or demolition
No
No construction or demolition activity
would be carried out.
6.4
From blasting or piling
No
No blasting or piling activity would be
carried out.
6.5
From construction or operational
traffic
No
There would not be any noise and
vibration from operational traffic.
6.6
From lighting or cooling systems
No
There would not be any noise
and vibration from lighting or cooling
systems
6.7
From any other sources
No -
7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the
ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:
S. No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/ No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
7.1
From handling, storage, use or
spillage of hazardous materials
No
There would not be any risk of
contamination of land or water due
to discharge of wastewater.
7.2
From discharge of sewage or other
effluents to water or the land
(expected mode and place of
discharge)
No
There would be discharging around 4
KL/day of domestic effluent and after
treatment it would be used on land for
irrigation purposes.
7.3
By deposition of pollutants emitted
to air into the land or into water
No
Nothing like this will happen.
7.4
From any other sources
No -
16
7.5
Is there a risk of long term build up of
pollutants in the environment from
these sources?
No -
8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could
affect human health or the environment
S. No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/ No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
8.1
From explosions, spillages, fires etc
from storage, handling, use or
production of hazardous substances
No
Only opencast mining without drilling
and use of explosives would be carried
out.
8.2
From any other causes
No -
8.3
Could the project be affected by
natural disasters causing
environmental damage (e.g. floods,
earthquakes, landslides, cloudburst
etc)?
No
The project can not be affected by
natural disasters causing environmental
damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes,
landslides, cloudburst etc)
9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which
could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with
other existing or planned activities in the locality
S. No.
Information/Checklist confirmation
Yes/ No
Details thereof (with approximate
quantities/rates, wherever possible)
with source of information data
9.1
Lead to development of supporting
utilities, ancillary development or
development stimulated by the project
which could have impact on the
environment e.g.:
• Supporting infrastructure (roads,
power supply, waste or waste water
treatment, etc.)
• housing
development
• extractive
industries
• supply
industries
No
Not Applicable
9.2
Lead to after-use of the site, which
could have an impact on the
environment
No
Not Applicable
9.3
Set a precedent for later developments
No
Not Applicable
17
9.4
Have cumulative effects due to
proximity to other existing or planned
projects with similar effects
No
Not Applicable
(II) ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY
Sr.
No.
Areas
Name/
Identity
Aerial distance (within 15 km.)
Proposed project location
boundary
1.
Areas protected under international
conventions, national or local
legislation for their ecological,
landscape, cultural or other related value
The area is not protected under
international conventions, national
or local legislation for their ecological,
landscape, cultural or other related
value
2.
Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses
or other water bodies, coastal
zone, biospheres, mountains, forests
The area is not important or sensitive for ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests
3. Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration
The area in and around 1 km. radius is not used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration.
4.
Inland, coastal, marine or
underground waters
There are no inland, coastal, marine or
underground waters which would be
affected area in and around 1 km.
radius of the project site.
5.
State, National boundaries
Haryana boundary (interstate
boundary) exists at a distance of
around 32 kms from the site. There is
no national boundary within an area of
5 kms.
6
Routes or facilities used by the public
for access to recreation or other tourist,
pilgrim areas
There are no recreation or other tourist,
pilgrim areas within 1 km radius of the
project site.
7
Defence installations
No defence installations within 1 km
radius of the project site.
8
Densely populated or built-up area
No densily populated town within 1
km radius of the project site.
9
Areas occupied by sensitive man-made
land uses (hospitals, schools, places
Hospitals, Schools, Place of Worship,
Community Facilities etc. are located
18
of worship, community facilities) more than 1 km from the project site.
10
Areas containing important, high quality
or scarce resources
(ground water resources, surface
resources, forestry, agriculture,
fisheries, tourism, minerals)
There is no important area containing
high quality or scarce resources such
as ground water resources, surface
resources, forestry, agriculture,
fisheries, tourism, minerals within 1km
radius of the project site.
11
Areas already subjected to pollution or
environmental damage. (those where
existing legal environmental standards
are exceeded)
No, the area is not subjected to
pollution or environmental damage.
12
Areas susceptible to natural hazard
which could cause the project to present
environmental problems (earthquakes,
subsidence, landslides, erosion,
flooding or extreme or adverse
climatic conditions)
The surrounding 1 km radius area is
not susceptible to natural hazard
which could cause the project to
present environmental problems
19
Chapter – 2
PROJECT PROFILE
2.1 The Project
M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala The unit is engaged
in the production of bricks from brick earth. The average daily production capacity of the
brick kin is 20000 bricks/day. The industry has got the consents to operate from the
Punjab Pollution Control Board for the operation of the brick kiln. The industry is also registered
with the industries department for the mining of brick earth.
2.1 Details of the mining site(s) M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur
Tehsil and District Patiala have taken land on
lease basis for the mining of brick earth for the
production of raw bricks. The details of the
mining site(s) where the BKO has to carry out
the mining operations for the production of brick
earth are as follows;Name and address of the
lessee
Ravinder Kaur
Mining
land area
HADBAST NO 338 1) KHATONI NO 23 KHEWAT 12/21 KHASRA NO 713/236 ( 4-0), 709/213(3-0)706/212(3-0) 705/211(1-15)703/210(0-19)252(2-7)
3.10 (acres) 0.51 Hectare
Village Kheri Mandlan
Tehsil Patiala
District Patiala
State Punjab
Status of
lessee
Private
Ownership
Lease
period
12/04/2018 to 12/4/2020
20
Mining
proposal relating to
New mining of
brick earth
Depth of
mining activity to be carried out
2 ft.
2.2 Details of the General Topography
The area falls under the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The geological
formations met within the district comprise alluvium of quaternary
age. It consists of alternating beds of sand, silt and clay. In the
southwestern part , the alluvium is over lain by thin layer unstratified
loam.
The topographical details of the mining site(s) under consideration is as below;
Site identification Site 1
Topographical Sheet No. NA
Latitude 30.3751447
Longitude 76.5148607
Elevation above mean
sea level
218.5
Nature of terrain Plain
Land
Existing Nalas, water
bodies, channels in the
lease area and nearby
No nalas, water bodies, channels in the lease area and nearby
within 500 meter radius of the mining area
Distance of mining site
from National Highway/
State Highway/Railway
Lines
The mining site is more than 3 kms. away from any National
Highway/State Highway/Railway Lines.
2.3 Requirements of brick earth
As stated above, the brick kiln owner would produce around 20000 bricks per day and the
21
production process is done for 200 days in a year. Therefore annual brick production would
be around 4000000 bricks. The size of bricks produced in India is 228 x 107 x 69 mm.
Average volume of brick produced is 0.001683 m3. Annual brick earth required on dry basis
for the production of 40,00,000 bricks is 6732 m3. Considering the brick earth requirements
as 1.1 times the actual requirements on dry basis, the annual brick earth requirements would
be around 7500 m3. The owner of the brick kiln has proposed to mine the brick earth for an
effective depth of 1 meter. Therefore, the existing mining area is sufficient for 4years of
brick earth production for the brick kiln under consideration. However, the B K O has taken
the lease for three year.
2.4 Process Description
The mining activity would involve surface mining. The process steps involved in the
surface mining of brick earth are marking of land, preparation of site for mining
activity, excavation of brick earth and loading of brick earth. The project does not involve
any processes as drilling, blasting and beneficiation etc.
2.4 Utilities
General amenities : The site is located in village Kheri Mandlan and the distance of the
mining site from the village population is around 800 meters. There are no places of
worship, ancient monuments, wildlife sanctuary etc. within 500 meters of the site.
Connectivity: The connectivity of the mining site is through village road. The project
entrance is not attached with the National highway/State Highway/Major District
road.
Power Requirements : The mining activity would be carried out in one shift (i.e.
general shift) only, so no lighting arrangement will be required.
Water Requirements : Water requirements during the mining activity would be for the
spraying of water on the road and trucks carrying the brick earth. Further, water would
be required for meeting the domestic requirements. Overall, the water requirements
would be less than 8 KL/day for all the purposes.
22
Chapter – 3
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PREDICTION
3.0 The most probable impacts on various components of the surrounding environment due
to the proposed activity have been predicted. The selection of the factors require due
consideration to;
a) The extent to which the action will cause environmental effects in excess of
those created by existing uses in the area affected by it
b) The absolute quantitative environmental effects of the action itself, including
the cumulative harm that results from its contribution to existing adverse
conditions or uses in the affected area
c) The extent to which the proposed action is consistent with local development
plans
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
3.1.1 Construction Activities
The mining activity will involve minor on-site civil construction activities during mining
activity. The construction will include temporary accommodation for the labour
involved in the mining activity, construction of temporary path for the movement of
vehicles etc. The labour requirement will be minimal. No permanent housing of labour
would be there at the mining site. To meet domestic requirement, less than 2 m3/day of
fresh water will be required. Regular transportation of brick earth to the brick kiln site
will cause minor increase in vehicular traffic in the area.
3.1.2 Local Resource Use
Mining of brick earth will require slicing of top soil layer. In Punjab, the land formation
is Indo-Genetic plain and Sutlej sub-basin of Indus basin. Due to sediment formation of
land, the whole of the area is having fertile soils upto minimum 10 meters of depth.
Digging of 1 meter depth of soil will not have any adverse impact on the local resource
use. In most of the cases, the digging of brick earth is done for the leveling of land w.r.t.
the surrounding areas. Baking of the bricks will generate significant amount of
combustion emissions. The activities will have negative impact
which needs to be balanced for environmental sound practices.
23
3.1.3 Generation and Disposal of Waste
Only domestic effluent will be generated, which would be used for irrigation purpose
after treatment.
3.1.4 Change in Transportation Pattern
The mining site is located on the village road. The road is primarily being used by the
local inhabitants for their routine practices. Due to the proposed mining project, there is
expected to be increase in vehicular movement. It is suggested that the
transportation of brick earth would be carried out at a time which is suitable to the
local villagers. Additional suitable measures would be adopted so that the traffic
movement during mining activity do not hinder the movement of the villagers of the
area.
3.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 3.2.1 Mining Activities
Air quality
The mining activity being very light in nature, it will have very
minimal effect on atmosphere due to dust from excavation of soil.
The affect will be limited to site only and in no case the RSPM in
the ambient area will go beyond the applicable norms.
Water quality
There will not be any effect on quality of surface water or ground
water due to the mining activity. The water requirement will be
less than 20 m3
per day, which will be fulfilled using ground
water.
Natural hazards &
geologic effects
No significant impact.
Biological effects
No significant impact.
Noise effects
Though there will be some noise associated with the activities, at
no stage it will be stressed beyond permissible limits.
Energy supply effects
Little increase of fossil fuel consumption to supplement energy
requirements. The affect is inevitable and not specific to this
area/site. Hence, it has to be ignored.
24
3.2.2 Local Resource Use
Aesthetic environment No significant impact.
3.2.3 Transportation
Air quality
Vehicular emissions will increase marginally but its affect will
be insignificant in comparison to existing scenario.
Water quality
No significant impact.
Natural hazards &
geologic effects
No significant impact.
Biological effects
No significant impact.
Economic
environment
The activity will generate extra job and business opportunities
contributing to positive economic growth in and around the area.
Thus, effects are beneficial.
Aesthetic environment
No significant effect.
Air quality
Brick making will put some stress on air quality. But adequate
measures will minimize effects well within the prescribed limits.
Water quality
No significant impact.
Natural hazards &
geologic effects
The requirements of brick earth will need slicing of top soil layer
(for bricks). This will alter lithospheric character of the source
area. The effect is inevitable and not specific to this area/site.
Hence, it has to be ignored.
Biological effects
No significant impact.
Noise effects
No significant impact.
Energy supply effects
No significant impact.
Social environment
No significant impact.
Economic
environment
Generate increased business activity resulting in beneficial
effects.
25
Noise effects
Marginal increase in noise due to vehicular movement, but well
within permissible limits.
Energy supply effects
Increased fossil fuel requirement. The effect is inevitable and not
specific to this area/site. Hence, it has to be ignored.
Social environment
No significant impact.
Economic
environment
Generate increased business activity.
Aesthetic environment
No significant impact.
3.2.4 Generation and Disposal of Wastes
Air quality
The agro residues generated from the land would be collected and
used as fuel in the brick kiln.
Water quality
No significant effect.
Natural hazards &
geologic effects
No significant effect.
Biological effects
The slicing of top layer of earth from the land would help in the
reduction of impacts of pesticides which are concentrated in the
top soil.
Noise effects
No significant effect.
Energy supply effects
No significant effect.
Social environment No significant effect.
Economic
environment
No significant effect.
Aesthetic environment No significant effect.
26
Chapter – 4
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
4.0 The environmental management plan (EMP) is meant to ensure that the adverse
residual environmental impacts, if any, due to the regular operations of the project, are
completely checked or, otherwise, minimised. Further, the EMP also warrant compliance
with all the statutory requirements applicable to the project, from time-to- time right
from the conception.
While evolving an effective and feasible EMP, due consideration has been accorded to
the technological as well as the economic aspects. The EMP addresses the
following facts;
• The appropriate mitigation measures
• Steps to augment environmental capacity building
• The house-keeping practices
• The state of socio-economic issues
The plan is expected to cater to the environmental and other related issues of the project,
comprehensively, and manage its environmental performance.
4.1 MITIGATION MEASURES
As a result of the mining related actions, some activities have significant
environmental concerns. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended to
take care of these concerns and minimize resulting damage to the environment.
Topsoil Management – The top soil of the land containing agro residues would be
stored separately and would be reused for leveling of the land after excavation of the
brick earth. The depth of the top soil which would be stored separately would be 6
inch deep from its surface. Therefore, each brick earth mining operation would
require a top soil storage space of around 200 m2
for every acre of land.
Overburden Dumps Management – Every precaution would be taken for the un-
utilizable overburden generated from the mining activity. The overburden of
generated any would be stored separately and would be used for the filling of low
27
lying area not being used for agricultural purposes. All the overburden generated during
the mining activity would be lifted and utilized for the filling of low lying non
agricultural area before the closure of the mining activity.
Rain Water Runoff Management – Mining activity for brick earth would not be carried
out in the rainy season. Natural flow of rain water in its natural path would be maintained
and no obstruction would be created by way of unplanned mining activities. Further,
to control the rain water runoff during non seasonal rains garland drain around the site
would be made and the rain water would be collected in a temporary pit constructed for the
storage of rain water. The rain water would then be reused for spraying on brick earth or on
roads.
Fugitive Emissions – To control the fugitive emissions, during the mining of brick earth,
water would be sprayed on the trucks carrying the dry brick earth from the mining site to
the brick kiln. Similarly, water would be sprayed on the roads leading from the mining
activity to the brick kiln to suppress the fugitive emissions due to the movement of the
vehicles. Water @ less than 20 m3
would be used for the spraying operations. The project
proponents would use tractor trolley for the spraying of water on roads and trucks carrying
brick earth.
Noise Control – The only source of noise generation would be the operation of the
excavation equipments and movement of vehicles. It would be ensured that the
mining activity is carried out during the day time only. Further, the drivers of the vehicles
plying on the road would be given strict instructions for the minimum use of horns. Pressure
horns would be strictly prohibited.
Mine Closure Plan – After the completion of mining activity, the lease holder would level
the land and reuse the top soil for leveling. During closure of the mining operations,
it would be strictly checked that the overburden or any other waste is not used for the
leveling which may create problems for the agricultural use of the land.
Green Area Development - The mining lease holders would make appropriate plantation
within area of lease/within Brick kiln area. It would be ensured that the mine owners
would report the achievement of the target of tree plantation by way of giving number of
plants that survive and not by the number of plants planted by them.
28
Septic tank for domestic treatment - A septic tank would be constructed for the
treatment of domestic effluent generated from the mining site.
4.2 COMPLIANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
M/s Guru Nanak Enterprises have taken land on lease basis for the mining of brick earth
for the production of raw bricks. M/S Guru Nanak Entrprises Village Raipur
Mandlan Tehsil and District Patiala through its Ravider Kaur would comply with the
following environmental laws as applicable to them:
1. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,1974
2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act,1977
3. The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,1981
4. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
4.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
In the absence of fully mechanized mining, the pollution will be minimum and
hence it has no adverse affect on health of the workers as well as people of
surrounding area. As the mining operation is open cast and manual, there is
hardly any chance of an accident / fire.However, for developing better working
conditions within the mining lease area in terms of safety ad health for welfare
of labor, management proposes to adopt the following measures.
1) First aid facility shall be available at the brick kiln site.
2) Regular check up of the workers by doctors / compounders of Govt.
dispensary for diseases and needful treatment.
4.4 MANAGEMENT AND BUDGTING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
The efficiency of system, depends not only on the infrastructure but also on the
level of commitment form the facility management and the kind of manpower
and resources provided for its optimal working.
1. M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala
through Ravinder Kaur would be responsible for the implementation of
the Environmental Management Plan of the brick earth mining project.
The EMP would be implemented within 1 years from the date of grant of
environmental clearance.
29
2. The BKO has committed to spend around Rs. 30,000/- in two years on the
environmental management systems within the project. The activities
included in the EM would be plantation of trees in brick kiln area and
mining area, reclaiming of land with top soil, reuse of rain water for
sprinkling etc
MINING PLAN
INTRODUCTORY NOTES
Very small B'2' category mines: All B2 Category mines excluding very small B2 category mines i.e. manual opencast mines not using explosives and where the average daily employment does not exceed 6.
1 GENERAL
a Name of the applicant M/S Guru Nanak Enterprises
Address Village Raipur Tehsil and District Patiala
District PATIALA
State Punjab
30
Pin Code 147001
Phone 9614012593
Status of Applicant BKO
Mineral (s) Which the applicant intends to mine.
Bricks earth
Period for which the mining lease is required or granted/renewed
2 year
2 LOCATION
Detail of Location (with location map) attached
District & State Patiala State Punjab
Tehsil Patiala
Village Kheri Mandlan
Khasra No. As per Agreement
Area 1.25 Hec
Whether the area is in the forest (please specify whether protected, reserved etc.)
No
Ownership/Occupancy
Toposheet No. with Latitude and Longitude
Annexure 1, Site1
Topographical sheet No. Annexure 1
Latitude 30.3751447 Longitude 76.5148607 Land use pattern Agriculture use only
b Attach a location map showing boundaries of the mining lease, adjoining areas roadways, railways, natural drainage system and any other surface features, if any. It is preferred that the area be marked on a Survey of India topographical map or a cadastral map or forest map as the case may be. However, if none of these are available, the area should be marked on a plan prepared especially for the purpose on a scale of 1: 5000 linking it with any important reference point available in and around the area.
Topographical map of 1 km. radius attached as annexure II.
3 GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Describe briefly the general topography explaining whether it is a plain land or a hilly area and local geology of the mineral deposit within the leasehold.
The area falls under the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The geological formations met within the district comprise alluvium of quaternary age. It consists of alternating beds of sand, silt and clay. In the southwestern part, the alluvium is over laid by thin layer unstrained loam.
4 RESERVES
Give details of the reserves using standard methods of estimation.
The lease holders would mine the brick earth upto 2 feet depth and hence would excavate less than 80 m3 ordinary earth.
5 DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PROGRAM
a Outline briefly, year wise, development The lease holders are having the mining
31
and production program for five years. Also indicate the precautions to be observed to prevent hap-hazard excavation of pits, scattering of wastes and avoidable loss of mineral in ground
lease of Four year for the excavation of Bricks earth. During this period, the lease holders would excavate around 13500 MT in three Years. 6700 MT Per Year To prevent the effect of excavation of the surrounding area, the lease holders would leave 03' ft. land around the boundary so that there is no negative impact on the surrounding lands. The top soil i.e. 6 inch would be stored at the mining i.e. and would be reused for leveling after the mining operations are complete.
b State average daily employment for the mining activity
Less than 6 persons
6 WASTE DISPOSAL ARRANGEMENTS
Describe briefly the arrangements made for the top soil, mineral reject and waste disposal including precautions to be taken in the selection of disposal site(s) along with their respective quantity likely to be generated for the five years
The top soil i.e. 6 inch would be stored at the mining site and would be reused for leveling after the mining operations are complete There would not be any mineral reject from the mining.
7 RECLAMATION PLAN
Describe briefly the year wise reclamation plan
After the excavation of the ordinary earth, the top soil stored at the site would be used for the leveling of the land.
a Rivers Courses No river courses within 500 meters of the mining area
b Nalas No nalas within 500 meters of the mining area
c Water Tanks No water tanks within 500 meters of the mining area
d Villages/Houses/Hutments, agriculture land
No Villages/houses/hutments within 500 meters of the mining area. Only agricultural land is surrounded by the mining site.
e Important Monuments No monuments within 500 meters of the mining area
ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
NA
32
1. DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT
The Government of India, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change has made
certain amendments in, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification No.
S.O.1533(E) dated 14.09.2006 issued by the erstwhile Ministry of Environment and Forest.,
vide notification no. S.O.141(E) dated 15.01.2016 and notification no. S.O. 190(E) dated
20.01.2016. These amendments led to the constitution of the District Level Environment
Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) at district level for grant of environmental
clearances for category B2 projects ( B2 category projects pertaining to mining of minor
33
minerals of lease area less than or equal to 5 hectares) for mining of minor minerals, for all
the districts in the country. DEIAA comprises of following members:
1 District Magistrate or District Collector of the district Chairperson
2 Senior most Divisional Forest Officer in the district Member
3 An expert member to be nominated by the Divisional Member
Commissioner or Chief Conservator of the Forest
4 Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer Member Secretary
of the district head quarter
Ordinary sand other than sand use for prescribed purposes and some other minerals
have been specified as minor mineral in Sec 3(E) of The Mines and Minerals ( Development
and Regulation) Act, 1957. The Central Government in addition to some other minor
minerals have also declared the ordinary earth (used for filling or leveling purposes in
construction or embankments, roads, railways and buildings) and brick earth as the minor
minerals. The Government of Punjab vide notification no. S.O.22/P.A.9/1996/S.3/2008
dated 28.03.2008 have acquired the rights of ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand
use for prescribed purposes, brick earth and ordinary earth (used for filling or leveling
purposes in construction or embankments, roads, railways and buildings) in addition to some
other minor minerals.. The DEIAA shall base its decisions on the recommendations of
District Level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC). It comprises of following members
1. Senior most Executive Engineer, Irrigation Department Chairperson
2. Senior most Sub-Divisional Officer (Forest) Member
3. A representative of Remote Sensing Department or Geology Department Member
or State Ground Water Department to be nominated by the District
Magistrate or District Collector
4. Occupational health expert or Medical Officer to be nominated by the Member
District Magistrate or District Collector
5. Engineer from Zila Parishad Member
6. A representative of State Pollution Control Board or Committee Member
7. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member
Conservator of Forest
8. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member
Conservator of Forest
9. An expert to be nominated by the Divisional Commissioner or Chief Member
Conservator of Forest
10. Senior most Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department Member
11. Assistant Director or Deputy Director or District Mines Officer or Member-
Geologist in the district in that order Secretary
34
District Survey Report (DSR) is required to identify the areas of aggradations or
depositions where mining can be allowed and identification of areas of erosion and
proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited
and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after
mining in that area. The District Survey Report (DSR) shall form the basis for application
for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The Report
shall be updated once every five years.
2. BRIEF HISTORYOF THE DISTRICT
Punjab is divided geographically into three regions, known as Malwa (a region of
Punjab south of the river Sutlej) , Majha (comprising districts of Amritsar, Pathankot,
Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran.) and Doaba (the region of Indian Punjab between the rivers
Beas and Sutlej) . Patiala district falls in the Malwa region. Patiala was one of the famous
erstwhile princely states of Punjab. After independence of India, the Patiala became the
capital of erstwhile Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). It was created by
combining eight princely states of Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Kalsia,
Malerkotla and Nalagarh. Following the States Reorganisation Act 1956, the PEPSU was merged into
Punjab State on 1st November 1956.
3. PHYSIOGRAPHY
Patiala district forms the south-eastern part of the state, it lies between 290 49’ and 30
0
47’ north latitude, 750 58’ and 76
0 54’ east longitude. Elevation above sea level is 258 m =
846 ft . It is surrounded by the districts of Fatehgarh Sahib and S.A.S Nagar Mohali in the
North, Sangrur district in the west, Ambala and Kuruksetra districts of neighbouring state of
Haryana in the east and Kaithal district of Haryana in the south.
Connectivity to District Patiala: Patiala district is well connected by road and rail network.
Patiala is about 250 kms from National capital New Delhi and 70 kms from State capital
Chandigarh. The nearest railway junction is at Rajpura town and the nearest airports are at
Mohali ( 70 kms), Amritsar (235 kms) and New Delhi ( 250 kms).
4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
35
Patiala district is spread over an area of 3325 sq. kms and it is fifth largest District of
Punjab in terms of area.
36
Description 2011 2001
Actual Population 1,895,686 1,584,780
Male 1,002,522 845,230
Female 893,164 739,550
Population Growth 19.62% 17.84%
Area Sq. Km 3,325 3,325
Density/km2 570 499
Proportion to Punjab Population 6.83% 6.51%
Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 891 875
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 837 776
Average Literacy
75.28
69.30
Male Literacy 80.20 75.30
Female Literacy 69.80 62.50
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 212,892 0
Male Population (0-6 Age) 115,917 0
Female Population (0-6 Age)
96,975
0
Literates
1,266,791
0
Male Literates 711,052 0
Female Literates 555,739 0
Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.23% 0.00%
Boys Proportion (0-6 Age)
11.56%
0.00%
10.86%
0.00%
Girls Proportion (0-6 Age)
37
5. ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP
No. of Sub Divisions 5 Patiala
Nabha
Rajpura
Samana
Patran
No. of Tehsils 5 Patiala
Nabha
Rajpura
Samana
Patran
No. of Sub-Tehsils 3 Bhadson
Dudan Sadan
Ghanour
Development Blocks 8 Patiala
Nabha
Rajpura
Samana
Patran
Ghanour
Sanour
Bhunerheri
Panchayats 1012
38
8. RAINFALL & CLIMATE
The climate of Patiala district can be classified as tropical steppe, Semi-arid and hot
which is mainly dry with very hot summer and cold winter except during monsoon. There are
four seasons in a year. The hot weather season starts from mid March to last week of the June
followed by the south west monsoon which lasts upto September. The transition period from
September to October forms the post monsoon season. The winter season starts late in
November and remains upto first week of March. The normal monsoon and annual rainfall of
the district is 547 mm and 677 mm , respectively which is unevenly distributed over the area.
The south west monsoon, sets in from last week of June and withdraws in end of September,
contributing about 81% of annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. Rest 19%
rainfall is received during non-monsoon period in the wake of western disturbances and
thunderstorms. Generally rainfall in the district increases from southwest to northeast. The
mean minimum and maximum temperature in the area ranges from 7.1o C to 40.4
o C during
January and May or June respectively.
Temperature & Rainfall in Patiala:
Month Average Temperature Centigrade Average Rainfall Millimeters
January 14 36
February 14 35
March 16 40
April 19 48
May 22 0
June 26 89
July 28 117
August 28 96
September 26 40
October 23 41
November 20 40
December 19 40
39
9. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES
The district area is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain and consists of three
types of region viz. the Upland plain, the Cho-infested Foothill Plain and the Floodplain of
the Ghaggar river. The elevation of land ranges from 240 to 278 m amsl. Due to arid climate,
the soils are light coloured. Tropical arid brown soils exist in the major parts of the district.
Here soils are deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In Patran and Samana blocks,
soils are arid brown soils occur. These are calcareous in nature and in most cases kankar
layers occur.
Information on Soil for the District (Area in Hectares)
Sr. Name of Alluvial Salt Deficient
No. Block in Micro
Loamy Sandy Loam Silt Clay Affected nutrient
Sand Loam Loam Loam Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.
1 Patiala 420 25225 8452 8030 0 219 4261
2 Nabha 0 56760 4936 0 0 746 15611
3 Samana 1990 33837 3981 0 0 3 11943
4 Patran 0 4155 33239 0 2077 3 10388
5 Bhunerheri 24692 0 0 6350 4233 1044 328
6 Sanour 0 12963 7408 11110 5554 714 3825
7 Rajpura 2051 2032 408 30609 6123 219 398
8 Ghanour 0 0 10937 12262 9942 197 6113
29153 134972 69361 68361 27929 3145
10. LAND USE PATTERN ( Area in Hectares)
Sub Villa Geogra Under Barr Unclu Perma Cultur Under More Total
divisio ge phical Forest en tivate nent able cultiva than cultivat
n area Area Lan d land Pasture waste tion one ed area
d s land area time
cultiva
ted
area
Patiala 374 114540 4790 1925 16325 0 1507 89993 87880 177873
Nabha 175 62442 4468 739 5842 12 473 50908 50607 101515
Rajpura 270 62164 1462 896 7757 0 1415 50634 48925 99559
Patran 97 46306 318 246 6061 0 1159 38522 34857 73379
Samana 96 36847 1376 198 3190 0 1987 30096 29734 59830
Total 1012 322299 12414 3884 39175 12 6541 260153 252003 512156
40
11. GROUND WATER SCENARIO
• Hydrogeology : The district is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain of
Quaternary age, and falls in Ghaggar basin. The ground water occurs in alluvium
formations comprising fine to coarse sand, which forms the potential aquifers. In the
shallow aquifer ( up to 50m) ground water occurs under unconfined/water table
conditions, where as in deeper aquifer, semi-confined/confined conditions exist. The
traditional dugwells tapping the shallow aquifer are not in use and most of them have
been abandoned, however, this aquifer is being tapped by the hand pumps and shallow
tube wells, which are widely used for domestic purposes. The permeable granular
zones comprising fine to mediumgrained sand and occasionally coarse sand and
gravel.Their lateral and vertical extent is limited. The borehole data reveals that clay
group of formations dominate over the sand group in the district area. Ground water in
the district occurs in the alluvium under water table and semi confined to confined
conditions.
• Water level behavior: The depth to water level ranges from 4.43 to 20.62 m bgl
during pre monsoon period and 6.99 to 24.28 m bgl during post monsoon period. The
seasonal fluctuation varies from 0.03 to (-) 3.66 m in the area. The long-term water
level trend indicates average fall of 0.50 m/year.The long term water level trend is
also showing little rise being 0.24 m/year around majauli, which is insignificant with
respect to entire area.
• Ground water flow: The elevation of the water table in the district varies from 230 m
to 300 m above mean sea level. The highest elevation is in the northeastern part and
the lowest in the southwestern part and reflects the topographic gradients. The
hydraulic gradient in the northern eastern part is steep, whereas, in the southwestern
part, it is gentle. The overall flow of ground water is from northeast to south-west
direction.
• Notified blocks of the district by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) : In
Patiala district- Patiala, Patran and Sanour blocks have been notified for control and
regulation of ground water.
41
Block wise Ground Water Balance of District Patiala (Study Period 1995-97)
Sr. No. Block Geographical Depth of tube- Water Table
Area ( ha) wells (mtr) (mtr)
1 Patiala 42261 40-60 13.50-19.55
2 Nabha 62442 40-60 15.26-21.54
3 Samana 39811 45-60 19.18-20.65
4 Patran 41552 45-75 25
5 Bhunerheri 36319 45-75 19.6-26.56
6 Sanour 37750 45-60 15.20-20.10
7 Rajpura 41031 40-60 9.60-18.94
8 Ghanour 33338 40-60 3.71-14.42
12. FOREST
The forests play a vital role in shaping the characteristic conditions of an area.
Besides , these also influence the economic and social life of the people considerably. The
forests provide valuable timber, medicinal herbs and raw material for industries and also
provide employment and play a vital role in conserving the soil and ensure timely rains.
• Description of Land and Forest areas: The track forms a part of indo-Gangetic
alluvial plain and is more or less flat terrain having general slope from north-east to
south-west. Some of the Birs have streams , choes and nallah course passing through
them namely Ghaggar, Markanda, Tangri, Patiala nadi, Sirhind Choe etc. These
streams cause occasional floods, especially during the rainy season. The most affected
forest areas by such flash floods include Bir Miranpur Ghogpur, Bir Moti Bagh and
Bir Gurdialpura. All these streams merge with Ghaggar river in Patiala District except
Sirhind Choe. In some of the Forest like Bir Bhunerheri, Bir Miranpur Ghogpur and
Bir Gurdialpura, the floodwater receded after 1-3 months. Sirhind choe enters Patiala
district near Bhadson and after flowing through Bir Agol enters Sangrur District
towards the South-West.
Various landforms found in the district are alluvial plain, flood plain and
palaeo channels. Alluvial plains constitute major portion of the district. Part of the
alluvial plain is susceptible to local flooding and thus has good moisture. At place, it
has salt encrustations. Flood plain is a sloping tract along the Ghaggar river and other
small rivulets.
42
• Distribution of Forest: The Patiala district is divided into four major categories
namely Birs or the Block forests, roadside , rail side, canal side and drain side. The
distribution of areas is as follows:
Sr. No. Category Area (Ha)
1 Birs 2655.41
2 Road 3992.65
3 Rail 510.60
4 Canals 3958.31
5 Drains 200.00
11316.97
• The Birs / Block Forests: The original vegetation in the Bir areas were of the dry
tropical thorn and scrub forests which fall under the Sub-group 5-B ( Northern
Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests). The forest occurring in Patiala, Nabha ,
Samana and Bhadson forest ranges fall under the main forest type Saline and Alkaline
Scrub Savannah sub- type E8 of Group 5-B.
• Strip Forest: It runs along roads, railways, canal and drains. Eucalypts exists in pure
stands and in gaps of middle aged to mature. Kikar is slowly depleting on the
roadsides because of unfavourable conditions. Natural regeneration of all species is
scarce. Of late, apart from Shisham new species like Arjun, White Siris, Burma
Neem, dek, Ailanthus, Jamoa, Jaman, Australian Kikar etc. have been introduced.
This is done mainly to have mixtures of plantations and divergence.
The condition of the crop at most of the places is quite good, only the crops
along the railways and drains have yielded poor results.
43
12.1 BLOCK FORESTS
In District Patiala, there are 12 birs / Block Forests:-
Sr.No. Name of Village / Forest Hadbast No.
1 Bir Kule Majra Hadbast No. 143
2 Bir Majal Khurd Hadbast No. 207
(New Hadbast No. 205)
3 Bir Kheri Gujjran Hadbast No. 34
4 Bir Sanaur Hadbast No. 121
5 Bir Kartarpura Hadbast No. 119
6 Bir Miranpur Hadbast No. 267
7 Bir Ghogpur Hadbast No. 263
(New Hadbast No. 267)
8 Bir Bhunerheri Hadbast No. 154
9 Bir Bhorey Agoul Hadbast No. 167
10 Bir Gurdialpura Hadbast No.
11 Bir Mallah Kheri Hadbast No. 76
12 Bir Anniah Dherian Hadbast No. 204
12.2 WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES There are six wildlife sanctuaries in the district namely:
Sr.No. Name Area in Ha
1 Bir Moti Bagh 524.48 ha
2 Bir Dosanjh 540.68 ha
3 Bir Mehans 123.43 ha
4 Bir Bhadson 1064.80 ha
5 Bir Bhunerheri 661.66 ha
6 Bir Gurdialpura 620.53 ha
44
13. FAUNA AND FLORA
• Fauna: The district is rich in animals and birds and the following are mainly found in
the district:-
Sr. No. Animals Birds
1 Blue Bull Pigeon
2 Hog deer Sparrow
3 Wild Boar Parrot
4 Jackal Wood Pecker
5 Common Mangoose Peacock
6 Common Indian Hare House Crow
7 Rhesus Monkey Common Babbler
8 Jungle Cat Kingfisher
• Flora: The district is rich in Flora. The following various species of plants and forest
trees are mainly found in Patiala district:-
1 Khair 9 Karir 17 Drek
2 Reru 10 Tun 18 Burma Drek
3 Kikar 11 Lasura 19 Toot
4 Bel 12 Shisham 20 Khajoor
5 Neem 13 Safeda 21 Poplar
6 Kachnar 14 Bohar 22 Jamun
7 Dhak 15 Pipal 23 Ber
8 Amaltas 16 Amb 24 Bakain
45
14. HORTICULTURE
The topography and agro-climatic conditions of the district are quite suitable for the productions of various fruits and vegetables.
HORTICULUTURE PROFILE OF DISTRICT PATIALA
(YEAR 2014-15) (Area in Hectares)
Sr.No. Descriptions
1 Geographical Area 322190
2 Forest Area 12410
3 Barren Land 4240
4 Non-Agriculture use 36600
5 Net Area Sown 261400
6 Cropping Intensity (%) 198.52
7 Net Irrigated Area 261280
8 Area under Fruits 2337 Hac.
Kinnow 83 Guava 941 Ber 156
Sweet Orange 25 Pear 114 Amla 1
Lemon 77 Peach 150 Banana 1
Mango 376 Plum 14 Others 386
Litchi 8 Grapes 5
9 Area under Vegetables 15771 Hac
Potato 4313 Cauliflower 1012 Water Melon 41
Onion 1985 Okra 344 Vine Crops 796
Garlic 417 Cabbage 872 Roots Crop 964
Tomato 1252 Peas 1654 Others 226
Brinjal 590 Musk Melon 483
10 Area under Flowers
1. Loose Flowers 80 Hac. 2. Cut Flower 41.6 Hac
3 . Flower Seed 82 Hac.
11 Govt. Garden & Nursery, Mall Road, Patiala 2 Acre
Govt. Garden & Nursery, Wazidpur, Patiala 22 Acre
Govt. Garden & Nursery, Circular Road, Nabha, Patiala 2 Acre
Baradari Garden, Patiala -
12 No. of Poly House / Net House 69 Area 2.40 Lakh
Sq. Mt.
13 No. of Processing units 13 Capacity 39 Mt. Ton
14 No. of cold Store 28 Capacity 116800 Mt.
Ton
15 Mushroom Growers 20 Unit Capacity 508 Mt. Ton
16 No. of Bee Keeper 173 No of Boxes 27000
46
15. AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the District, having different types of
soil and agro-climate conditions which are quite suitable for the growing of various types of
cereals, vegetables, fruits and other crops . The major crops grown in the district are Wheat,
Paddy, Maize, Sugarcane, Oil seeds, sunflower and barley. Crop wise area is given below:
CROPS 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod
(in (in (in
Ha) Ha) Ha)
Wheat 234 4798 1123 232 4968 1153 233 4396 1024
Paddy(Rice) 233 3956 922 231 4153 959 230 3930 904
Maize 1 4149 4 1 4867 5 1 5447 5
Sugarcane 2 7613 15 3 7747 23 3 7476 22
(Gur)
Oilseeds 1 1434 2 1 1431 1.4 1 1685 1.7
Sunflower 1 1631 1.6 1.3 1918 2.5 1 1946 2
Barely 1 3548 3 1 4458 4233 1 4069 4.1
Information on Rain-fed and Irrigated Area ( in Ha)
Sr. Name of Rainfed % Irrigated Area ( Source Wise)
No. Block Area
Canal % Tubewell % Any %
Area other
area
1 Patiala - - 816 3 29349 97.2 - -
2 Nabha - - 1262 3 49369 97.5 - -
3 Samana - - - - 32997 100 - -
4 Patran - - - - 36049 100 - -
5 Bhunerheri -- - 1600 5 33594 95.5 - -
6 Sanour - - 990 3 27854 96.6 - -
7 Rajpura 2503 8.7 550 2 25540 89.3 - -
8 Ghanour 1496 5.8 822 3 23392 90.9 - -
47
16. CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Crop Diversification refers to a shift from the regional dominance of one crop to
regional production of a number of crops, to meet ever increasing demand of cereals, pulses,
vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, fibres, fodder, grasses etc. It aims to improve soil health and to
maintain dynamic equilibrium of the agro-ecosystem. In the instant case, crop diversification
is intended to promote technological innovations for sustainable agriculture and enable
farmers to choose crop alternatives for increased productivity and income.
The concerns relating to diversification of rice-wheat cropping systems area in the
country came to fore when yield levels of these two most important food crops
experienced stagnancy and net profit accruals showed diminishing trend. The problem got
further aggravated due to depletion of water table in North-West plains zone comprising
Punjab, Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh. Thus, dwindling ground water resource in these
States due to excessive withdrawal of water for irrigation led to impurities in the water-a
cause of attendant crop health effects.
The continuous cultivation of water guzzling crops like paddy due to frequent flood
irrigation has resulted into depletion of ground water in the original Green revolution States
namely; Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh. The continuous cultivation of rice wheat
cropping system has witnessed the stagnancy in crop yield, infestation of weeds,
contamination of ground water, incidence of pests-diseases and deterioration of soil health.
Therefore, it is essential to diversify the area from paddy to alternate crops not only to improve
soil fertility and arrest depletion of ground water but also to enhance the farm income.
The notified over-exploited and critical blocks based on recommendation of Central
Ground Water Board of major paddy growing districts of each state. Three blocks namely
Patiala, Patran and Sanour of Patiala district have been notified as over-exploited and
critical blocks. At least 5% of area under paddy in notified blocks would be diverted
towards alternate crops during 2016-17. In order to divert area to other alternate crops, it is
proposed to motivate the farmers for cultivation of maize, kharif pulses ( arhar, mungbean,
uradbean, cluster bean) , oilseeds ( soybean, til) poplar based agro-forestry system
(cultivation of rabi and kharif inter crops). It is also proposed to provide the assistance to
the farmers for land development, farm mechanization, establishment of agro-based food
processing units for value addition and marketing support to generate additional income
and restore soil fertility.
48
17. LIVE STOCKS
The livestock is the main wealth next to agriculture of the predominant population of the district.
The district ranks third in the state in the population of cows and buffaloes. The
important livestock of the district as per 19th
Live stock census 2012(Tentative) was as under
1 Cattle 115637
2 Horse/Ponies 1197
3 Donkeys 161
4 Buffaloes 335167
5 Sheep(13268),Goat(15196),Piggery (3241) 31705
6 Mules 292
18. TOPOGRAPHY
The district forms a part of the Indo-Gangetic plain and consists of three types of region:-
a. The Upland Plain b. The Cho-infested Foothill Plain c. The Floodplain of the Ghaggar River Apart from this, the district has a complex drainage system consisting of canals and
rivers.
18.1 Rivers:
The river Ghaghar is the most important water channel of the district. It is essentially
a seasonal stream, remaining dry during most part of the year. However, during the rainy
season, it remains in spate, often flooding the adjoining villages, causing damage to crops,
livestock and at times to houses and human lives. A number of subsidiary rivulets join the
Ghaggar River, the most important ones being the Tangri Nadi, Patiala-Wali-Nadi, Sirhind
Choe and the Jhambowali Choe.
18.2 Canals:
Apart from the natural drainage line, the district also has three important canals- The
Bhakra Main Line Canal, the Nawana Branch and the Ghaggar Link. These canals provide
much needed irrigation water to the District. Before these canals were constructed, Patiala
district was a water scarce area. These irrigation canals have helped to transform the parched
fields into fertile, double-crop lands.
49
19. THE GHAGGAR RIVER
The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing during the monsoon season. It
originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh at an elevation of 1927 Mtrs above mean
sea level and flows through Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Union Territory of Chandigarh.
In Haryana, it flows through south-west of Sirsa and by-the-side of Talwara Jheel in
Rajasthan. This seasonal river feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan. The
present-day Saraswati River originates in a submontane region (Ambala district) and joins
Ghaggar near Shatrana in Punjab. A dried out channel of the Sutlej, joins the river Ghaggar
near Sadulgarh (Hanumangarh), the Naiwal channel. The Ghaggar then joins with the dried
up Drishadvati (Chautang) river. The wide river-bed (paleo-channel) of the Ghaggar suggests
that the river once flows full of water, through the entire region, in the presently dried channel
of the Hakra River, possibly emptying into the Rann-of- Kutch. It supposedly dried up due to
the capture of its tributaries by the Indus and Yamuna rivers and the loss of rainfall in much
of its catchment area due to deforestation and overgrazing
The Ghaggar-Hakra and the Sutlej: Many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization era
have been found along the Ghaggar and Hakra rivers. It has been shown by satellite imagery
that at Ropar, the Sutlej River suddenly flows away from the Ghaggar in a sharp turn. The
beforehand narrow Ghaggar river-bed itself suddenly becomes wider at the conjunction
where the Sutlej should have met the Ghaggar river. And, there is a major paleo channel
between the point where the Sutlej takes a sharp turn and the Ghaggar river bed widens.
• The Ghaggar-Hakra and the Yamuna: There are no Harappan sites on the present
Yamuna River. However, painted Gray Ware sites excavated on the Yamuna channel,
indicate that the river must have flown in that channel during 1000 - 600 BC. The
distribution of the painted Gray Ware sites in the Ghaggar river valley indicates that
during the ancient period, the Ghaggar River had already dried up partly.
• Subsidiary Rivulets :
Dhakansu Drain, Jacob Drain, Patiala Ki Rao, Jharmal Choe, Miranpur Choe, Bhagna
Nadi, Marcanda River and Momian Drain joins Ghaggar River.
50
Historical Observations of quality of Ghaggar River:
The quality of Ghaggar River has been monitored by the CPCB under National Water
Quality Monitoring Programme and provided for the period starting from 2004-2008.
The results of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameter monitored during the
above stated period at Mubarakpur (Punjab), Tiwana Village (Punjab), Chandarpur
Siphon (Haryana), Sardulagarh (Punjab), Dabwali Road (Haryana), Ottu Weir
(Haryana) and Ghaggar River entering in Rajasthan. . In addition, the industrial and
domestic wastewater discharges from the towns located along Ghaggar or its
tributaries deteriorate the water quality of the river
• Dhakansu Drain (PS8): BOD concentration at Dhakansu Drain was 57 mg/l.
• Jacob Drain: BOD concentration at Jacob Drain is 76 mg/l and TSS level is four
times above the prescribed standard. The Jacob Drain directly meets the Patiala River.
• Patiala River: A number of subsidiary rivulets join the Ghaggar River, the most
important one being Patiala River. Patiala River meets the Ghaggar River at the
upstream of Jharmal choe. This River also falls in the category of semi-arid region. At
Patiala River, high BOD load was observed i.e. 32,228.26 kg/day.
• Jharmal Choe (PS13): Jharmal Choe received industrial and domestic sewage of
Derabasi, Lalru and Zirakpur. BOD concentration at Jharmal Choe was 17 mg/l which
is within the prescribed norms.
20 METHODOLOGY AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The trace of each and every river/ stream was covered and studied on the following
principles of Geology/River bed mining:
• The general geology of the area;
• The presence of any major geological structure;
• Origin of river;
• Pattern of primary / secondary/ tertiary streams;
• Total catchments;
• General profile of river/streams;
51
• Meandering Pattern;
• Bank stability;
• Total potential of river bed in reference to minor mineral;
• General slope of the river / stream;
• Morphogenetic regions.
In Addition to above, presence of the following objects were also studied:-
• The presence of any WSS Schemes
• Bridges
• Agriculture fields
• Bank protection works
• Plantation etc. Following are the important guiding principles considered while recommending the river /
stream bed or part of the river / stream bed for collection for minor minerals:-
• The production of aggregate area is a function of the availability of natural resources,
the size of population, the economy of the area and various developmental and
infrastructural works being undertaken in the area like road construction, hydro-
electric projects etc. Further, being a low- value, high-volume mineral commodity, the
prices are dramatically affected by transportation distances. If the distance increases,
the transportation cost may increase much more than the cost of the aggregates.
• A stable river is able to consistently transport the flow of sediments produced by
watershed such that its dimension ( width and depth) pattern and vertical profile are
maintained without aggrading ( building up) or degrading ( scouring down)
• The amount of boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand deposited in riverbed equals to the
amount delivered to the river from watershed and from bank erosion minus amount
transported downstream each year.
• It is compulsive nature for river to meander in their belts and therefore they will have
to be provided with adequate corridor for meandering without hindrance. Any attempt
to diminish the width of this corridor (floodway) and curb their freedom to meander
would prove counterproductive.
• Erosion and deposition is law of nature. The river/stream has to complete its
geomorphological cycle from youth, mature to old age.
• River capturing is unavoidable.
• Erosion in upstream and deposition in downstream.
• Tendency of the river / stream toward grade.
52
• Fundamentally, the lowest point of any stream is fixed by Sea Level.
• The ratio between the width of meander belt and width of the stream decreases as the
width of the stream increases.
• Formation, Bank erosion and Replenishment of any specific riverbed depends
Primarily upon:
➢ The Geology of the area;
➢ River Profile;
➢ Nature of source;
➢ Rainfall in catchments;
➢ Morphogenetic region;
➢ Catchments geomorphology;
➢ Efficiency of River / Stream ( i.e erosive power);
➢ The competency of the river / Stream ( i.e transport heaviest stone);
➢ The capacity of the River/Stream ( i.e volume of transportation);
Hydraulic radius of the River / Stream (ratio between cross sectional area and length of wetted perimeter)
Secondarily upon -
➢ Geological structures;
➢ Porosity of formation;
➢ Run off in the catchments;
➢ Forest cover;
➢ Type of agriculture;
➢ Encroachment on flood plain leaving least space for meandering;
➢ Any barrier on river / stream bed i.e bands , dams and bridge foundations etc;
➢ Throwing of debris into the river/stream course;
➢ Drying up of river courses due to construction of dams, thereby reducing the
efficiency and capacity of the river / stream.
The total potential of the river / stream bed is calculated up to the depth of one meter
and in the workable span. Total potential or annual replenishment is not necessarily mineable.
Mine ability depends upon the availability of approachable roads, distance from the general
conditions of policy viz distances from WSS Schemes, bridges etc and overall on the market
demand etc. Thus keeping these factors into consideration 60% of the total potential has been
taken for the purpose of exploitation of minor minerals.
53
Method For calculation of Reserves:
For the calculation of total reserves of minor minerals available in the river bed, length,
average width and depth of the river bed for which the exploitation is to be carried out /
allowed under rule / prevailing instructions of the Govt. was taken into consideration. The
volume thus obtained is multiplied with the bulk density which has been assumed as 2.2 for
all types of minor minerals. Thus reserves up to particular datum line i.e one meter below the
surface have been calculated.
Total reserves of minor minerals ( M.T.)= Length x Width x Height i.e Depth x Density.
For the annual replenishment of minor mineral reserves, the average
annual mean depth up to which the replenishment of minor mineral
takes place annually, has been taken into consideration which
depends upon the annual rainfall factor and geology of the
catchments area
21. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE
DISTRICT
Mainly three types of minor minerals constituents such as sand, stone and bajri
are required for any type of construction apart from other material like cement and steel. In
earlier times, the houses / buildings were constructed in form of small dwellings with walls
made up of mud plaster, stone and interlocking provided with wooden frames and there were
negligible commercial as well as developmental activities resulting in less demand of
building material. However with the passage of time, new vistas of developmental activities
were started. The quantity of minor minerals consumption in a particular area is a
thermometer to assess the development of the area. Thus with the pace of development
activities, the consumption of minor minerals also increased. As such the demand of minor
minerals in the district has started an increasing trend. In order to meet the requirement of raw
material for construction, the extraction of sand is being carried out exclusively from the river
beds. In Patiala district, the demand of sand ( river borne collection) and of bajri / grit ( river
borne collection or through manufactured grit by stone crushers) is mainly met by the supply
54
from other districts of Punjab. In district brick earth and ordinary earth mining is carried out
with prior Environment Clearance (EC) to met the requirements of bricklines and for filling /
leveling purposes respectively.
22 BRICK EARTH MINING
Brick is a building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in
masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is
now used to denote any rectangular unit laid in mortar. A brick can be composed of clay-bearing
soil, sand and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types,
materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities.
Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks. Fired bricks are one of the longest-
lasting and strongest building materials, sometimes referred to as artificial stone, and have been
used since circa 5000 BC. Air-dried bricks, also known as mudbricks, have a history older than
fired bricks, and have an additional ingredient of a mechanical binder such as straw. Natural clay
minerals, including kaolin and shale, make up the main body of brick. Small amounts of
manganese, barium, and other additives are blended with the clay to produce different shades, and
barium carbonate is used to improve brick's chemical resistance to the elements. Many other
additives have been used in brick, including byproducts from papermaking, ammonium
compounds, wetting agents, flocculents (which cause particles to form loose clusters) and
deflocculents (which disperse such clusters). Some clays require the addition of sand or grog
(pre-ground, pre-fired material such as scrap brick).
24.1 No. of Brick Klins in the District:-
Category of Description Number
Brick Klin
A Brick Klin of capacity 28 ghoris or more of 1
kachi bricks
B Brick Klin of capacity 22 to 27 ghoris of 143
kachi bricks
C Brick Klin of capacity below 22 ghoris of 2
kachi bricks
146
55
24.2 Number of Brick Kilns Block Wise
Sr. No. Name of Block Number of Klins
1 Patiala 16
2 Nabha 30
3 Rajpura 17
4 Samana 23
5 Patran 16
6 Ghanour 15
7 Sanour 17
8 Bhunerheri 12
Total 146
24.3 Recommendations:
In district Patiala, there are 8 development blocks. The earth in Block Ghanour,
Rajpura and Bhunarheri is rich in alumina, silica and lime. Therefore, this earth is very
useful as brick earth. In other blocks such as Patiala, Nabha, Samana, Patran and Sanour
the earth is mostly sandy but in some villages/areas the earth is useful for bricks
manufacturing.
The brick kilns require brick earth which is easily available in the district as they
excavate upto 2-3 feet, it has no adverse effect on the environment. Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part
within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection)
Act, 1972, {There are Six Wildlife sanctuaries in the district and are mentioned at page no.
12 of District Survey Report} (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central
Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-
State boundaries and international boundaries. Specific Condition (SC): If any Industrial
Estate/Complex / Export processing Zones. A Mineral Concession holder has to abide by
the provisions of The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and
The Punjab Minor Mineral Rules 2013 made thereunder.
25.1 Recommendations:
56
The sandy land is less fertile and after excavation of top layer of sandy soil upto 3-
4feet depth, fertile layer will come up and in this way crop production will rise and this will
also save groundwater as the top sandy layer does not hold the water. This has no adverse
effect on the environment. Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be
treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of:
(i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, { There are six
Wildlife sanctuaries in the district and are mentioned at page no. 12 of District Survey
Report} (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board
from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.
Specific Condition (SC): If any Industrial Estate/Complex / Export processing Zones. A
Mineral Concession holder has to abide by the provisions of The Mines and Minerals
(Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and The Punjab Minor Mineral Rules 2013 made
thereunder.
25 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING
The mining will generate direct and indirect employment during mining operations
and most of the unskilled labour will be used for mining purposes and they will be paid
more than minimum wages prescribed by State Govt. In general, there will be no adverse
effect on human health as no blasting or handling of toxic material is involved. All the
safety measures will be strictly followed to prevent occupational risk during excavation,
loading and transportation. This will be a good source of revenue generation for the
government as after getting the Environment Clearance, the minor concessioner will have
to pay the Royalty, Price, Environment Management Fund and TCS which will enhance the
revenue of the Central and State Government.
57
UNDERTAKING 1
I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby
solemnly affirm and declare as under:
• That the periphery of any other area of borrowing/excavation does not falls within
a radius of 500m from the periphery of proposed area of borrowing/excavation
Place: Date: ................. (Signature )
VERIFICATION:-
I, the above named deponent do hereby solemnly affirm and declared that the
statement given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and
nothing has been concealed therein.
Place: Date: ................. (Signature )
58
UNDERTAKING 2
I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby
solemnly affirm and declare as under:do hereby solemnly affirm and declare as under:That
the activity associated with borrowing/excavation of 'Bricks earth' and Bricks earth' for
purpose of general work, construction of roads, embankments etc shall not involve blasting.
• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restricted to a maximum depth of 2m below general ground level at the site.
• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restricted to 2m above the ground water table at the site.
• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall not be alter the natural drainage pattern of the area
• That the borrowing/excavation activity shall be restored by the project proponent for useful purpose(s).
• That appropriate fencing all around the borrowed/excavated pit shall be made to prevent any mishap.
• That measure shall be taken to prevent dust emission by covering of borrowed/excavated earth during transportation.
• That safeguards shall be adopted against health risks on account of breeding of vectors in the water bodies created due to borrowing/excavation of earth
• That workers/laborers shall be provided with facilities for drinking water and sanitation
• That a berm shall be left from the boundary of adjoining fields having a width equal o at least half the depth of proposed excavation
• That a minimum distance of 15 m from any civil structure shall be kept from the periphery of any excavation area.
• That the concerned DEIAA while considering granting environmental clearance for such activity for Bricks earth will prescribe the guidelines as stated at (i) to (xi) above and specify that the clearance so granted shall be liable to be cancelled in case of any violation of above guidelines
Place: Date: ................. (Signature ) Verification:
I, the above named deponent do hereby solemnly affirm and declared that the statement given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and nothing has been concealed therein.
Place: Date: ................. (Signature )
59
UNDERTAKING 3
• I, Ravinder Kaur W/o Gurcharan Singh 350 Phase 1 Urban Estate Patiala do hereby
solemnly affirm and declare as under:
• That I am Prop. in the firm and have applied environmental clearance before
DEIAA for mining related activity of our Bricks earth mining.
• That I give an undertaking that there is no boundary of National Park of Wild
Life within a distance of 1 Km radius from our mining site and no protected
area notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 or Notified eco-sensitive
area as notified under section 3 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986
exists within 10 Km radius from the project site.
(Signature)