brickwork 2009 [compatibility mode]
TRANSCRIPT
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TheHongKong
Polytechn
icUniversity
Indu
strialCenter
Building&
Construc
tionUnit
Brickw
orkWorksh
op
SLYeung
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WorkshopPractices
ThisW
orkshopa
imsatdeve
lopingtrain
ees
knowledgeofpra
cticalskillinmasonry
work.
Onsuccessfulcomple
tionofthis
wors
op,suensw
ae
ounersan
thees
senceofvariousmasonry
constructioninth
econstructionindustry.
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Contentscoveredinthe
workshop
Bric
kwork
an
dBloc
kwor
ktobe
inacco
rdancew
ith
BS5628-3:2
0012005
1.B
ric
kan
dconcre
teblo
cklay
ing.
.
.
3.C
erm
ic
Tiling.
4.M
osaic
Tiling
5.W
alldefec
tan
dwa
ter
seepagemain
tenanceappro
ac
hes.
6.P
av
ingbloc
k
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Introduction
Differen
tto
olsformasonrywork:
Bric
ktrow
elan
dbric
kkn
ife
Plas
tering
trowe
l,wood
floa
t&s
tra
ight
edge
,
Laserset
tingou
tequ
ipm
en
t
Measure
tapean
dinkbox
Mixer
Buc
ke
t
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Part1:
Bricklaying
Masonryma
teria
lcommon
lyuse
dinHong
Ko
ng
for
Non-S
tructura
lwa
ll
constru
ction.
Allthe
sizes
hou
ldcomply
withBSEN771-1
1)
Commo
nbric
k(Re
dbric
k/clay
bric
k)
Size:22
5x
112
.5x
75mm
2)
Concre
tebloc
k(So
lidor
Hollow
)
Size:2
15
x102x
65~
390x
100x190mm
3)
YTONG
lightwe
ightConcre
te
bloc
k
Size:6
00x
100x
200mm
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Properties
Accord
ingto
the
Genera
lspecif
ica
tion
for
bu
ilding2
007Edition-A
SD,t
he
bric
ks
tohav
ethe
follow
ingprop
ert
ies:
Fac
ing
bricks:
1.
Theaveragecompress
ivestreng
thmus
texceed
20
.7MPa
2.
Sa
tura
tioncoe
fficien
tdono
texcee
d0
.78
3.
The
face
sha
llbe
freeo
fcrac
ksor
imperfec
tionw
henv
iewe
dfrom
6m.
Concre
tebric
ksan
dbloc
ks:
1.
Comp
lyw
ithBS6073
.
2.
Average
crus
hings
treng
tho
fran
domse
lec
tedsamp
leo
f10bricks
do
no
tlesst
han
7MPa
Concre
teHo
llow
bloc
k:
1.
Average
crus
hings
treng
tho
fran
domse
lec
tedsamp
leo
f10bricks
do
no
tlesst
han
5MPa
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Tra
ditiona
lstru
ctura
lan
dpat
tern
bon
ds:
1.E
ng
lish
Bon
d(One
brickwa
ll)
2.F
lem
ish
Bon
d(One
brickwa
ll)
.
Typeo
fmortarG
enera
luse
in
Hong
Kong:
Cemen
tMortar
(ceme
nt+san
d+wa
ter)
Cemen
tMortar
(ceme
nt+san
d+wa
ter)
Propor
tion=
Propor
tion=
1:3
1:3
(cem
en
t:san
d)
(cem
en
t:san
d)
Wa
tercemen
tra
tio(W
/C)=
0.5
Wa
tercemen
tra
tio(W
/C)=
0.5
--0.70.7
Mortarbe
dding
for
brick
wa
lls
hou
ldbe
abou
t
Mortarbe
dding
for
brick
wa
lls
hou
ldbe
abou
t10mm
10mm
thick
thick
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Streng
thofMo
rtar
Extrac
ted
from
Genera
lspec
ificat
ion
for
bu
ilding
2007Edition-A
SD
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StretcherBo
nd
StretcherBo
nd
Originallyusedfor
Originallyusedforsinglebrick
walls
singlebrick
walls,,
nowcalled1/2brickwallsitbe
camethe
nowcalled1/2brickwallsitbe
camethe
obviouschoiceforcavitywalls
as
obviouschoiceforcavitywalls
as
lesscuttingw
asrequired.
lesscuttingw
asrequired.
FlemishBon
d
FlemishBon
d
Alternatebric
ksareplacedas
headerand
Alternatebric
ksareplacedas
headerand
stretcherine
verycourse
stretcherine
verycourse..
Eachheaderis
Eachheaderis
lacedcentra
llb
etweenthes
tretcher
lacedcentra
llb
etweenthes
tretcher
immediatelyaboveandbelow.
Thisisnot
immediatelyaboveandbelow.
Thisisnot
asstrongastheEnglishbond
at1brickthick
asstrongastheEnglishbond
at1brickthick
EnglishBon
d
EnglishBon
d
Alternativecoursesofheaders
Alternativecoursesofheaders
andstretchers
andstretchers;oneheaderpla
cedcentrally
;oneheaderpla
cedcentrally
aboveeachs
tretcher.Thisisa
verystrong
aboveeachs
tretcher.Thisisa
verystrong
bondwhenth
ewallis1brickthick(orthicker)
bondwhenth
ewallis1brickthick(orthicker)
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StretcherBond
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Flem
ishBon
d
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Eng
lishBon
d
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Conne
ctiondetails
Eng
lishbond
Flem
ishbond
Stre
tcher
bon
d
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Bricklaying
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Bricklaying
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08/09Brick
workAs
signment
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Part2(Plastering)
Studentw
illl
earn
differe
nttypeso
fplas
tering
Un
dercoa
tp
las
tering
1.Providea
basecoat(rough
surface)toreceivethefinishingco
at.
2.1:3Ceme
ntmortarwill
beuse.
.
-
.
4.D
ividethe
walltobeplaste
redintoSquarea
ndDotsandScre
edsto
beappliedfirst.
FinishCoa
ts(in
terna
lwa
ll)
1.Hydrated
limewithpaper(limePutty)
2.Smoothsurfaceandabout
3-5mmthick.
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Plastering
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Spatter
dash
Spatter
dash
Cleana
llla
itance,
dus
t,o
iloranyo
thersuc
hsubs
tances
from
theco
ncre
te
Cleana
llla
itance,
dus
t,o
iloranyo
thersuc
hsubs
tances
from
theco
ncre
te
surface.
surface.
Spa
tterdas
h
Spa
tterdas
hs
ha
llcons
isto
f(1
:2)cemen
t:coarse
san
dw
ithanappro
ve
d
sha
llcons
isto
f(1
:2)cemen
t:coarse
san
dw
ithanappro
ve
d
bon
dingag
en
tsuc
hasas
tyre
ne
bon
dingag
en
tsuc
hasas
tyre
ne--bu
tadieneru
bber
(SBR)latex,
ane
thyl
bu
tadieneru
bber
(SBR)latex,
ane
thyl
vinyl
aceta
te(EVA)emu
lsionoranacry
licemulsion.
vinyl
aceta
te(EVA)emu
lsionoranacry
licemulsion.
App
ly
App
lyspat
terdas
h
spat
terdas
htoconcrete
vert
ica
lsurfacesan
dso
ffitsw
ithin48hours
toconcrete
vert
ica
lsurfacesan
dso
ffitsw
ithin48hours
afters
trikin
gformwork.
afters
trikin
gformwork.
Them
ixtur
es
ha
llbeapp
liedb
ydas
hing
iton
the
wa
llbya
han
dscoopora
Them
ixtur
es
ha
llbeapp
liedb
ydas
hing
iton
the
wa
llbya
han
dscoopora
trowe
ltog
iveacomp
letecove
ragew
itharough
tex
tureno
texceedin
g5
trowe
ltog
iveacomp
letecove
ragew
itharough
tex
tureno
texceedin
g5
mm
thickness.
Thesurfacesh
allbema
intaine
dm
oistfor
24hours.
mm
thickness.
Thesurfacesh
allbema
intaine
dm
oistfor
24hours.
Allow
tocu
rean
dharden
fora
tleas
ttwo
days
beforeapp
lyingrende
ring
/
Allow
tocu
rean
dharden
fora
tleas
ttwo
days
beforeapp
lyingrende
ring
/
be
ddingsc
ree
d.
be
ddingsc
ree
d.
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Ty
picalwa
llfinishe
ssystem
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Comm
onproblemsofw
allfinishes
Renderandtilefailure
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Plastering(Def
ect)
Crac
king.
De-b
onding
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De
-bonding
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Sp
atterdash/PlasterFailure
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Plas
terfailure
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Part3
(Walltiling)
Students
will
understa
ndhowtola
ywalltiles
Procedures
ofwalltiling:
1.E
stima
ting
quan
tityo
ftilesnee
de
d.
2.H
orizon
tal
temporarysupportareuse
d.
3.P
repare
thea
dhes
ive
/cemen
tpas
te.
4.A
pp
lya
dhe
sive
tothe
bac
kof
the
tiles.
5.T
oma
kea
stra
ightcu
tby
the
snapcu
tter
(ifneed
ed)
6.R
emoveth
esupportan
dcomp
letethe
lowes
tlayer
7.F
illt
hegap
sw
ithw
hitecemen
tpas
tean
dc
leant
hesurfaceo
ftiles.
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W
alltiling
Tiling(Ceramictile)
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Comm
onproblemsoftilefinish
es
Adhesivefailure
Grout
failure
Poorworkmansh
i
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Adhe
sivefailure
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MovementwithinRigidmateria
ls
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Movem
entwithin
Deformab
lematerials
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Expansi
onoftilesw
ithrigidadhesivematerial
Expansi
onoftilesw
ithrigidadhesivematerial
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Expansi
onoftilesw
ithrigidadhesivematerial
Expansi
onoftilesw
ithrigidadhesivematerial
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TileG
routfail
ure
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E
ffloresce
nceoftilegrout
Leachin
gLime
Viatilejoin
ts
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TileG
routFailure
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Poorw
orkmanship
Poorw
orkmanship
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Wall
tilingrep
air
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Part4(Mosaictile/F
loortiles)
Typeo
fm
osa
ictiles
1.G
lazed
mosa
ictiles(
Wa
ll)
2.U
ng
laze
dmosa
ictiles
(Floor
)
Square
mosaictiles
usuallycome
inshee
tsmeasuring
about300x300mm
square
x3mmthick
Paperfacingoverth
efrontofthe
tiles,
removedafterthea
dhesivewas
set.
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Mosaictile(W
all)
Materialuse:
Cemen
tpas
te.
(White
cemen
t+water
)
Glazed
mosa
ictiles
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Mosaictile(Wall)
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Mosaic
tiles(Floor)
Materialwill
be
Semi-dryCement
mortar
.
Unglaz
edmosaictile
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Generalfloortil
ingprocedure
Generalfloortil
ingprocedure
Step
1:Settingout
Step
1:Settingout
Firstmark
them
id
Firstmark
them
id--p
oints
p
oints
ofthe
longes
twa
lla
nd
ofthe
longes
twa
lla
nd
make
ac
ha
lklinea
tri
ht
make
ac
ha
lklinea
tri
ht
angle
stothismark.
angle
stothismark.
Repe
atfor
thea
djacen
t
Repe
atfor
thea
djacen
t
shorterwa
llso
thatyou
shorterwa
llso
thatyou
have
apa
iro
flines
tha
t
have
apa
iro
flines
tha
t
cross
.
cross
.
Remo
ve
thes
kirting
Remo
ve
thes
kirting
board
san
ddoor
board
san
ddoor
thres
ho
lds.
thres
ho
lds.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step
2:Positionin
g
Step
2:Positionin
g
thetiles
thetiles
Layyour
floor
tilesa
long
Layyour
floor
tilesa
long
the
tw
olines
towork
ou
t
the
tw
olines
towork
ou
t
the
be
stpos
itions.It
's
the
be
stpos
itions.It
's
worth
adjus
ting
their
worth
adjus
ting
their
positio
nss
lightly
tou
se
positio
nss
lightly
tou
se
asma
nyw
ho
letiles
as
asma
nyw
ho
letiles
as
possib
le.
Avo
idhaving
possib
le.
Avo
idhaving
cu
ttile
sa
long
thewa
ll
cu
ttile
sa
long
thewa
ll
tha
tis
seenasyouw
alk
tha
tis
seenasyouw
alk
intoth
eroom.
intoth
eroom.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step
3:Applyingthe
Step
3:Applyingthe
adhesive
adhesive
proce
ssbyspreading
proce
ssbyspreading
asquare
asquaremetre
metreofthe
ofthe
adhes
iveintooneo
f
adhes
iveintooneo
f
theco
rnersformed
by
theco
rnersformed
by
thech
alklines.
thech
alklines.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step4
:Layingthetile
s
Step4
:Layingthetile
s
Gently
pressdownon
the
Gently
pressdownon
the
firsttile,usingthelinesasa
firsttile,usingthelinesasa
guide.
Carryontiling
along
guide.
Carryontiling
along
oneof
thelines.
oneof
thelines.
Addm
oretilesuntilyou
Addm
oretilesuntilyou
havec
overedthe
havec
overedthe
adhesive.You
adhesive.Youcanuse
canuse
plastic
spacerstomakethe
plastic
spacerstomakethe
gapse
venbetweeneachtile.
gapse
venbetweeneachtile.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step5:Tilingthefloor
Step5:Tilingthefloor
Nowwo
rkoutwardsfrom
the
Nowwo
rkoutwardsfrom
the
centreoftheroom,always
centreoftheroom,always
usingthechalklinesasaguide.
usingthechalklinesasaguide.
continu
euntilyouhavecovered
continu
euntilyouhavecovered
halfthe
roomwithasma
ny
halfthe
roomwithasma
ny
wholetilesaspossible.Now
wholetilesaspossible.Now
startworkingoutwardsfromthe
startworkingoutwardsfromthe
centreontheotherside
ofthe
centreontheotherside
ofthe
centrelineandcoverthe
other
centrelineandcoverthe
other
halfoftheroom.
halfoftheroom.
Leavetheadhesivetoset.
Leavetheadhesivetoset.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step
6:Fillingth
e
Step
6:Fillingth
e
gapsgaps
withc
uttiles.
Useatile
withc
uttiles.
Useatile
cutter
totrimthetiles
cutter
totrimthetiles
tosize.
tosize.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step
7:Sealing
Step
7:Sealing
Allow
theadhesiv
eto
Allow
theadhesiv
eto
,
,
surfa
ceofporous
surfa
ceofporous
tileswithafloor
tileswithafloor
seale
r.
seale
r.
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FloorTiling
FloorTiling
Step8:
Grouting
Step8:
Grouting
Forceg
routinbetweenth
etiles
Forceg
routinbetweenth
etiles
withas
queegee.
Pushth
e
withas
queegee.
Pushth
e
squeeg
eeacrossthejoin
tsin
squeeg
eeacrossthejoin
tsin
groutis
workedintoallth
egaps.
groutis
workedintoallth
egaps.
Usethe
straightedgeofthe
Usethe
straightedgeofthe
spreadertomakeaneatgrout
spreadertomakeaneatgrout
line.
line.
Wipeoffanyexcessgrou
twitha
Wipeoffanyexcessgrou
twitha
damps
pongebeforeitdr
iesand
damps
pongebeforeitdr
iesand
polishthetileswithacleancloth.
polishthetileswithacleancloth.
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Part5(
WallDe
fect)
Student
swilllearnhow
tofindahidden
defectofthe
building
elementsandtrytousevarious
repairmethoda
nd
materials
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Materialsofwaterproofm
embrane
Materialsofwaterproofm
embrane
1.
1.
Asp
haltwa
terproo
fcoa
ting
Asp
haltwa
terproo
fcoa
ting
2.
2.
Bitumen
Asp
ha
ltwa
terproo
fmem
brane
Bitumen
Asp
ha
ltwa
terproo
fmem
brane
3.
3.
Cemen
titious
Cemen
titiouswa
terproo
fm
em
brane
wa
terproo
fm
em
brane
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Asphaltwaterproofcoatin
g
Asphaltwaterproofcoatin
g
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Bitumenwaterproofmem
brane
Bitumenwaterproofmem
brane
Hotbitumenroofinglaying
Hotbitumenroofinglaying
Thefeltis
rolledintothelayer
Thefeltis
rolledintothelayer
ofbitumenand
ofbitumenandbroomed
broomedinto,
into,
goodbondingwiththeunderlyin
gfelt.
goodbondingwiththeunderlyin
gfelt.
Bitumenm
embranelaying
Bitumenm
embranelaying
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Cemen
titious
Cemen
titiouswate
rproofmem
braneapplying
wate
rproofmem
braneapplying
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Comm
onProble
msofwaterproofin
g
Leaka
e&Seeae
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WaterSeepage
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WaterSeep
ageMaintenance
Comm
onlyusein
Water
seepage
mainte
nance.
identifyaproblems
andun
derstandthe
underlyingcauseand
tosuggestacorrec
t
remed
ialaction.
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Permanentlyrepairofleaky/dry
concretecrack
Permanentlyrepairofleaky/dry
concretecrack
STEP
1:Cleaning
theAreato
beRepaire
d
STEP
1:Cleaning
theAreato
beRepaire
d
Us
ingaw
ire
brus
h,
cleana
llloo
se
Us
ingaw
ire
brus
h,
cleana
llloo
se
concre
te,
paint,dirtan
da
llo
ther
de
bris
concre
te,
paint,dirtan
da
llo
ther
de
bris
intheareato
berepa
ire
dup
to5cm
intheareato
berepa
ire
dup
to5cm
one
ithersideo
ftherepa
irarea.
Wipe
one
ithersideo
ftherepa
irarea.
Wipe
thecrac
kare
adownw
itha
dam
pc
loth
.
thecrac
kare
adownw
itha
dam
pc
loth
.
Useac
hisel
toremove
looseco
ncre
te
Useac
hisel
toremove
looseco
ncre
te
ifnecessary.
ifnecessary.
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STEP
2:
Ins
talling
Inject
ion
Ports
STEP
2:
Ins
talling
Inject
ion
Ports
Toanc
hor
the
injec
tionport
intop
lace,
Toanc
hor
the
injec
tionport
intop
lace,
sprea
dsome
adhes
iveon
the
ba
ck
sprea
dsome
adhes
iveon
the
ba
ck
oftheport
beingcau
tiousno
tto
oftheport
beingcau
tiousno
tto
cover
the
inje
ction
ho
le.
Placethe
cover
the
inje
ction
ho
le.
Placethe
portover
thecrac
kan
dho
ldunti
l
portover
thecrac
kan
dho
ldunti
l
secure.
Srea
dsomea
dhes
ive
secure.
Srea
dsomea
dhes
ive
aroun
dbaseo
fport
toanc
hor(see
aroun
dbaseo
fport
toanc
hor(see
adhes
ive
labe
lform
ixingprocedures
).
adhes
ive
labe
lform
ixingprocedures
).
Place
the
firstporta
tornear
floo
rleve
l.
Place
the
firstporta
tornear
floo
rleve
l.
Theres
to
ftheportss
hou
ldbespace
d
Theres
to
ftheportss
hou
ldbespace
d
even
lyapartw
iththe
distance
even
lyapartw
iththe
distance
be
tweeneach
portequa
ltothe
be
tweeneach
portequa
ltothe
thicknessoft
hewa
ll(usua
lly8")
.
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STEP3:CappingtheSurfacew
ithAdhesive
STEP3:CappingtheSurfacew
ithAdhesive
Sprea
dthes
top
Sprea
dthes
top--lea
kcrac
k
lea
kcrac
k
adhes
iveover
the
dry
/we
tcrack,
adhes
iveover
the
dry
/we
tcrack,
start
inga
tthe
bo
ttom.
Dono
t
start
inga
tthe
bo
ttom.
Dono
t
mixmore
thanyoucanuse
mixmore
thanyoucanuse
within5m
inutes.
Ifthecrac
k
within5m
inutes.
Ifthecrac
k
pro
tru
desabo
vegroun
dleve
l
pro
tru
desabo
vegroun
dleve
l
,
,
tha
tsurfacea
swe
ll.Remem
ber
tha
tsurfacea
swe
ll.Remem
ber
tofirs
tc
lean
thecrac
kon
the
tofirs
tc
lean
thecrac
kon
the
ou
tsidew
itha
wire
brus
has
ou
tsidew
itha
wire
brus
has
ou
tline
dinST
EP1a
bove.
ou
tline
dinST
EP1a
bove.
ALLOW
ADHESIVETODRY
ALLOW
ADHESIVETODRY
COMPLETEL
YBEFORECONTINUING
COMPLETEL
YBEFORECONTINUING
WITHTHERESTOFTHEAPPL
ICATION
.
WITHTHERESTOFTHEAPPL
ICATION
.
(APPROXIMA
TELY5
(APPROXIMA
TELY5--1
0MINUT
ES).
10MINUT
ES).
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STEP
4:Flushing
theCrack
withWater
STEP
4:Flushing
theCrack
withWater
Es
tablishingwa
ter
flow
through
Es
tablishingwa
ter
flow
through
thecrac
kisE
SSENTIAL
.Usea
thecrac
kisE
SSENTIAL
.Usea
han
d
han
d--he
ldwa
terspray
bo
ttleto
he
ldwa
terspray
bo
ttleto
Es
tablishflow
throug
hou
tthecra
ck
.
Es
tablishflow
throug
hou
tthecra
ck
.
Starta
ttheto
pportan
dinjec
twa
ter
Starta
ttheto
pportan
dinjec
twa
ter
alterna
tel
int
othe
three
hihest
orts
alterna
tel
int
othe
three
hihest
orts
allow
ing
thew
ater
todra
infrom
the
allow
ing
thew
ater
todra
infrom
the
lower
injectionports.
INCASEO
F
lower
injectionports.
INCASEO
F
LEAKAGE
,STOPFLUSHINGAN
D
LEAKAGE
,STOPFLUSHINGAN
D
RESEALWIT
HADHESIVE
.This
RESEALWIT
HADHESIVE
.This
proce
dureensurescon
tinu
ityalo
ng
proce
dureensurescon
tinu
ityalo
ng
thecrac
kand
cleans
thecrac
kof
thecrac
kand
cleans
thecrac
kof
any
fore
ignde
bris,
gri
t,san
d,
any
fore
ignde
bris,
gri
t,san
d,
dus
t,e
tc.
whic
hmay
inhibitthe
dus
t,e
tc.
whic
hmay
inhibitthe
flowo
ftherepa
irma
teria
l.
flowo
ftherepa
irma
teria
l.
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STEP
5:Injection
STEP
5:Injection--
Sealingthe
Wet/DryCra
ck
Sealingthe
Wet/DryCra
ck
Cu
ttheen
doffthe
injec
tion
Cu
ttheen
doffthe
injec
tion
cartri
dgeand
screwon
the
cartri
dgeand
screwon
the
injec
tion
tip.P
lace
thecartri
dge
injec
tion
tip.P
lace
thecartri
dge
intoyours
turd
y,qua
litycau
lking
intoyours
turd
y,qua
litycau
lking
gun.
Start
ingfrom
the
bo
ttomport,
gun.
Start
ingfrom
the
bo
ttomport,
insert
theviny
ltubeover
the
insert
theviny
ltubeover
the
injec
tionportan
dinjec
ts
low
ly,
injec
tionportan
dinjec
ts
low
ly,
app
lyingeven
pressure,
allow
ing
app
lyingeven
pressure,
allow
ing
ma
teria
lplentyo
ftime
toreac
t.
ma
teria
lplentyo
ftime
toreac
t.
When
theres
inflowsou
to
fthe
When
theres
inflowsou
to
fthe
nex
tinjec
tion
port
(thiss
hou
ld
nex
tinjec
tion
port
(thiss
hou
ld
takeapproxim
ately20
takeapproxim
ately20--6
0seconds
),
60seconds
),
cap
thecurren
tportan
dcon
tinue
cap
thecurren
tportan
dcon
tinue
(to
be
Con
td
)
(to
be
Con
td
)
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(to
be
Con
td)
(to
be
Con
td)
injec
ting
throug
hthenex
tport.
injec
ting
throug
hthenex
tport.
Remem
ber:
Injec
tun
tilflow
to
Remem
ber:
Injec
tun
tilflow
to
nex
tport
isesta
blishe
d,
cap
nex
tport
isesta
blishe
d,
cap
curren
tport,inj
ec
tinnex
tport
curren
tport,inj
ec
tinnex
tport
un
tilflow
isest
ablishe
dtothe
un
tilflow
isest
ablishe
dtothe
third
,e
tc.
INCASEOFLEAKAGE,
third
,e
tc.
INCASEOFLEAKAGE,
STOPINJECTI
NGANDRESEAL
STOPINJECTI
NGANDRESEAL
WITHADHESIVE
.Ifflow
tothe
WITHADHESIVE
.Ifflow
tothe
nex
tport
isnot
es
tablishe
d,
increase
nex
tport
isnot
es
tablishe
d,
increase
ma
teria
l.Ifflow
iss
tillno
tes
tablished
,
ma
teria
l.Ifflow
iss
tillno
tes
tablished
,
release
thepressureon
thecau
lking
gun
release
thepressureon
thecau
lking
gun
an
ds
tic
ka
long
,finew
ire
intothe
injec
tion
an
ds
tic
ka
long
,finew
ire
intothe
injec
tion
port
totry
tobrea
kthep
lugge
dmateria
l.
port
totry
tobrea
kthep
lugge
dmateria
l.
Try
toinjec
tmo
rema
teria
lintothisp
ort.
Ifflow
iss
tillnote
stablishe
d,
Try
toinjec
tmo
rema
teria
lintothisp
ort.
Ifflow
iss
tillnote
stablishe
d,
injec
tfrom
the
top,
down.
WARNING:
BECAREFULAROU
NDFLOOR
injec
tfrom
the
top,
down.
WARNING:
BECAREFULAROU
NDFLOOR
DRAINSANDD
RAINAGETILE
DRAINSANDD
RAINAGETILE
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STEP6:Finishing
STEP6:Finishing
48hoursa
fter
injec
tion,
injec
tion
portsan
dsea
lingc
emen
tcan
beremo
ve
dif
48hoursa
fter
injec
tion,
injec
tion
portsan
dsea
lingc
emen
tcan
beremo
ve
dif
youw
ish.
(Jus
tPea
lOff)
youw
ish.
(Jus
tPea
lOff)
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Proce
dur
e
Proce
dur
e
11s
ts
t
Su
bSu
b--Grad
e
Grad
e
We
digth
esurfaceareaou
tto
adep
tho
f
We
digth
esurfaceareaou
tto
adep
tho
f
approx2
00mm.
Thisa
llows
for
approx2
00mm.
Thisa
llows
for
the
dep
th
the
dep
th
oftheav
inb
loc
ks
+50mm
be
ddin
+
oftheav
inb
loc
ks
+50mm
be
ddin
+
100mmsu
b
100mmsu
b--base
base..
Allweeds
an
do
therunwan
tedma
teria
lis
Allweeds
an
do
therunwan
tedma
teria
lis
removed,
an
dweexcava
teany
so
ftspo
ts
removed,
an
dweexcava
teany
so
ftspo
ts
an
dfillwithcompac
tedsu
b
an
dfillwithcompac
tedsu
b--basema
teria
l.
basema
teria
l.
We
then
ins
talla
highqua
lityla
ndscape
We
then
ins
talla
highqua
lityla
ndscape
fabric
toe
nsureyou
don
'thave
anynas
ty
fabric
toe
nsureyou
don
'thave
anynas
ty
wee
dsor
roo
tsappearing
inthe
future.
wee
dsor
roo
tsappearing
inthe
future.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedu
re
Procedu
re22ndnd
Su
bSu
b--Base
Base
Weuseh
ighqua
litysu
b
Weuseh
ighqua
litysu
b--basem
ateria
l,
basem
ateria
l,
us
ingacompac
ter
tofirm
lycom
press
us
ingacompac
ter
tofirm
lycom
press
.
.
nee
dtog
oover
itmany
timest
o
nee
dtog
oover
itmany
timest
o
ensure
it'sproperlycompac
ted.
ensure
it'sproperlycompac
ted.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Proce
dur
e
Proce
dur
e
33rdrd
Be
dding
Layer
Be
dding
Layer
We
layth
epav
ing
bloc
ks
direc
tlyon
to
We
layth
epav
ing
bloc
ks
direc
tlyon
to
aabe
dofcoarsegri
tsan
d(scree
d),
be
dofcoarsegri
tsan
d(scree
d),
a
roxima
tel
35
a
roxima
tel
35--5
0mm
thick
50mm
thick.We
We
app
lythe
scree
dby
dragg
inga
app
lythe
scree
dby
dragg
inga
stra
ightedge
leng
tho
ftim
bero
ver
stra
ightedge
leng
tho
ftim
bero
ver
thepartia
lly
thepartia
lly--compac
tedlayingcourse
compac
tedlay
ingcourse
ma
teriala
nd'scrap
ing
ma
teriala
nd'scrap
ing--o
ff'thetop
off'thetop
layer
tocrea
teasmoo
th,
pro
file
d
layer
tocrea
teasmoo
th,
pro
file
d
layingsurface
toaccommo
date
the
layingsurface
toaccommo
date
the
pav
ing.
pav
ing.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedu
re
Procedu
re44thth
Edge
Cou
rse
Edge
Cou
rse
Oncewe
havecomp
letedthes
ub
Oncewe
havecomp
letedthes
ub--
base,
we
will
ins
tallthee
dg
ing
base,
we
will
ins
tallthee
dg
ing
.
.
prevents
idewaysmovemen
tan
dare
prevents
idewaysmovemen
tan
dare
strongen
oug
htow
iths
tan
dthe
forces
strongen
oug
htow
iths
tan
dthe
forces
ofyourve
hicles.
ofyourve
hicles.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedu
re
Procedu
re55thth
The
Paving
Layer
The
Paving
Layer
Thepavin
gbloc
ksare
laidtoa
Thepavin
gbloc
ksare
laidtoa
spec
ificp
attern.
Wem
ixup
the
pac
ks
spec
ificp
attern.
Wem
ixup
the
pac
ks
ban
dingo
rspo
ttingo
fcerta
insha
des
ban
dingo
rspo
ttingo
fcerta
insha
des
withinthe
pavemen
t.
withinthe
pavemen
t.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedure
Procedure66thth
Cu
tting
In,
Cu
tting
In,
Whena
llthe
bloc
ksare
have
been
Whena
llthe
bloc
ksare
have
been
laidwe
'cu
t
laidwe
'cu
t--in'alltheareasn
otfilled
in'alltheareasn
otfilled
BrickSplit
ter
BrickSplit
ter
.
.
perfect
fin
ishan
dena
blesus
tocarry
perfect
fin
ishan
dena
blesus
tocarry
thepat
ternacross
thew
hole
area.
thepat
ternacross
thew
hole
area.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedu
re
Procedu
re77thth
Jo
inting
Jo
inting
us
ingap
latev
ibra
tor
tocompac
tthe
us
ingap
latev
ibra
tor
tocompac
tthe
bloc
ks
do
wn
tothe
fina
lleve
lan
d
bloc
ks
do
wn
tothe
fina
lleve
lan
d
firm
lybed
them
inan
dgoover
the
firm
lybed
them
inan
dgoover
the
perfec
tfin
ish
.
perfec
tfin
ish
.
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Part6
(Paving
block)
Part6
(Paving
block)
Procedu
re
Procedu
re88thth
Sea
ling
Sea
ling
We
brush
abone
We
brush
abone--drys
ilicasan
dacross
drys
ilicasan
dacross
thepaving
tofillina
llthe
joints
an
d
thepaving
tofillina
llthe
joints
an
d
crea
tetha
tperfec
tfin
ish
.
crea
tetha
tperfec
tfin
ish
.
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Part5
(Paving
block)
Part5
(Paving
block)
Proce
dure
Proce
dure
99thth
TheF
ina
lResu
lt
TheF
ina
lResu
lt
Astunn
ing
drive,
expert
lyd
es
igne
d,
Astunn
ing
drive,
expert
lyd
es
igne
d,
plann
edan
dins
talled
,leav
ing
the
plann
edan
dins
talled
,leav
ing
the
custo
mer
100%sa
tis
fie
d.
custo
mer
100%sa
tis
fie
d.
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Badpr
acticefor
layingpa
vingbloc
k
Badpr
acticefor
layingpa
vingbloc
k
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References
1.
BS562
8-3:2001
2.
BSEN
771-1
3.
BS305
6
4.
Genera
lspecificationfor
building2007edition-ASD
5.
pmaxconsruconma
eras
6.
http://www.geodoctors.com/qfp/
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End
ngmaterialspleasereferto:
www.i
c.p
olyu.e
du.h
k/new
/Fac
ilities
/d3/cons
truc
tion
/
rd=12345