bridge building history & bridge types. history essential in the development and exploration of...
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Bridge BuildingHistory & Bridge Types
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History
Essential in the development and exploration of North America
Allowed pioneers & explorers to move goods and services from one area to another in shorter periods of time◦Without bridges they would have to wait for
flooded rivers to recede/dry up or go miles out of their way
◦Crossing river beds was often dangerous Wheels were skinny Sank into river beds losing lives and goods
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History
Early bridges occurred naturally (were fallen logs, not good for movement of goods)
Earliest known man-made bridge was a primitive rope bridge◦Pre-cursor to suspension bridges
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Bridge Types
Rope BridgesStone Arch BridgesSteel Arch BridgesSuspension BridgesTruss BridgesCantilever Bridges
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Rope Bridges
Rope bridges (China) still used today◦Strengths (cheap, relatively easy to build, move
goods w/ pack animals)◦Weaknesses (susceptible to high winds, not big
enough to move vehicles)
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Stone Arch Bridge
Stone arch bridges◦Strongest and most durable◦Stones are in compression◦Key Stone!
Expensive (stones and cost of labour)
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Steel Arch Bridge
Steel arch bridges◦Capable of covering great spans◦Often combined with other bridge components
(trusses, cables, etc.)◦Arch in compression (cables in tension, trusses
in both)
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Suspension Bridges
Suspension bridges◦Can span the longest◦Extremely efficient (material wise)◦Use cables under tension to support bridge
deck
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George Washington Bridge
George Washington Bridge◦2 cables – 3 feet in diameter, 1 mile long◦Each cable has 26,000 strands; together is 107,000
miles (4x around the earth)◦Can support 80,000 tons
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Truss Bridge
Truss bridge – distribute the load ◦Wood
Easy to build Capable of carrying heavy loads (rigid & strong)
◦Steel Not as good for long spans Can be quickly assembled or pre-fabricated Can support great loads Used typically for railway bridges
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Cantilever Bridge
Cantilever bridge◦Type of truss bridge◦Built towards centre from each bank and joined
with a middle section◦Most challenging is setting centre section in
place