bridge rf design and test applications with ni sdr...
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Bridge RF Design and Test Applications with NI SDR Platforms
Jason Strydom – Application Engineer
National Instruments - Midrand
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The National Instruments Vision
“To do for test and measurement
what the spreadsheet did for financial analysis.”
Virtual Instrumentation
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VSAs & VSGs Switching Amplifiers & Attenuators
Power Meters
FPGA I/O & Co-processing
Multicore Processing
Optimized APIs
Cellular, Wireless, & GPS Test Toolkits
(802.11 a/b/g/n , GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, RFID, WiMAX, GPS, etc.)
Reference Architectures
Soft Front Panels
NI RF Test Platform
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The Next 30 Years: Expanding LabVIEW into System Design
Research/Modeling Design/Simulation Verification/Validation Manufacturing
Product Verification Design Verification
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Graphical System Design
The National Instruments Vision
Real-time Systems
Embedded Monitoring
Hardware-in-the-loop
Software Defined Radio
Test and Measurement
Automated Test
Data Acquisition
Reconfigurable
Instruments
Industrial and Embedded
Industrial Control (PAC)
Machine Control
Electronic Devices
“To do for embedded what the PC
did for the desktop.”
“To do for test and measurement
what the spreadsheet did
for financial analysis.”
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From Concept to Prototype … Rapidly!
Design Simulate Prototype
Graphical System Design Platform
• LabVIEW Graphical System Design offers one tool, integrated flow • Shorter learning curve • Easier system integration • Reduce the time to hardware … rapid prototyping!
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Software Defined RF
Software Defined Radio
• Low Cost
• Flexible
• Radio Quality
• Rapid Prototyping
Modular RF Instruments
• Calibrated
• Rugged
• Cabled
• Instrumentation
NI 5644R
VST NI 5791R
FlexRIO SDR
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Concurrent Design and Test
Design Test
System Design
Component Design Component Test
System Test
Implementation
Verification/Validation
NI 5644R
VST
NI 5791R
FlexRIO SDR
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What is a Software Define Radio?
Software Defined Radio (SDR) refers to the
technology wherein software modules running
on a generic hardware platform are used to
implement radio functions …..
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SDR Architecture
Baseband
Converters
Host Connection Determines Streaming Bandwidth Ex.
Gigabit E-net, PCIe
Multi-Processor Subsystem Real-time signal processor
Physical Layer (PHY)
ex FPGA, DSP
Host processor
Medium Access Control (MAC) – Rx/Tx control
ex. Host GPP, multi-core CPU
RF Front End General Purpose RF
Dual LOs
Contiguous Frequency Range
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NI FlexRIO Adapter Module
Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA
Socketed
CLIP
Socketed
CLIP
LabVIEW FPGA VI
DRAM
Memory
DRAM
Memory
PXI/PXIe Bus So
cket
ed C
LIP
CLIP CLIP CLIP
Adapter Module
…
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SDR Hardware Platforms
Features
• Frequency Range: 200 MHz to 4.4 GHz
• FPGA: Kintex -7
• Bandwidth: 100 & 200 MHz
• Host I/F: PXIe (~3.2 GB/s)
NI USRP
PXIe-7975R (FlexRIO) NI 579x (RF FAM)
Features
• Frequency Range: 50 MHz to 6 GHz
• FPGA: Host processing
• Bandwidth: 20 MHz bandwidth
• Host I/F: Gigabit Enet (~100 MB/s)
Coming Q4
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NI USRP Radio Prototyping Platform LabVIEW based Software Defined Radio
• Host-based processing simplifies signal processing
• Immediate access to real-world signals
• 20 MHz of real-time bandwidth make the solution available to a wide range of applications
• Flexible
• Easy to use
• Affordable
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NI USRP
1 Gigabit Ethernet Connectivity
Plug-and-play capability
Up to 25 MS/s baseband IQ
streaming
Tunable RF Transceiver
Front Ends Frequency Range
50 MHz – 2.2 GHz (NI-2920)
2.4 GHz & 5.5 GHz (NI-2921)
400 MHz – 4.4 GHz (NI-2922)
Signal Processing
and Synthesis NI LabVIEW to develop
and explore algorithms
NI Modulation Toolkit and
LabVIEW add-ons to
simulate or process live
signals
Applications
FM Radio
TV
GPS
GSM
Zigbee
Safety Radio
OFDM
Radar
Dynamic Spectrum Access
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Benefits of the NI USRP Platform
• User Experience
• Productivity
• Maintainability
• Documentation
• Technical Support
• Extendable 1 Year Warranty
• CE Certification
• International Sales
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NI USRP Applications
Academic | Government | Industry
• Rapid Prototyping
• Physical Layer Design
• Record and Playback
• GPS simulator
• Academic education
• Communications intelligence
• Surveillance
• Deployable radio
….. And much, much more !
Record & Playback
MIMO
Safety Radio
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BRIDGING DESIGN AND TEST
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RF System Design and Validation
• Rapidly prototype and test new standards
• Create repeatable real-world stimulus
• Characterize receiver performance
• FM Radio • GPS • and more…
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Low-cost RF Modulated Source
• More realistic with extended dynamic range
• PXI and USRP control within single LabVIEW VI
• Extendable to many applications
+ Test Signal
Interferer
NI PXI-5673 VSG
NI USRP
NI PXI-5695 Programmable
Attenuator
Combiner Output Signal to Test FM
Radio
Signal of Interest
Strong Interferer
USRP
PXI
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GPS Simulation & Test
Things to Simulate
• Poor signal strength • View of satellites obstructed • Position constantly changing
NI USRP-2920 Generates Signal
GPS toolkit Creates Signal in LabVIEW
GPS Receiver
GPS receiver behaves as if it see’s real satellites
Precision Clock (10 MHz OCXO)
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GPS Record & Playback
• Record and play back up to 20 MHz of bandwidth
• Repeatable testing of algorithms / devices on realistic dataset
• Supplement a PXI lab with low-cost playback at your desk
Re
co
rd
Pla
yb
ack
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RF / COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH
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MIMO Radio Prototyping
• Plug and play 2x2 MIMO
• Driver based synchronization
• Reference designs available
• Maximal Ratio Combining
• Alamouti Coding
2x2 MIMO - Alamouti Coding
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NI USRP Research Case Study: Physical Layer Prototyping
• Continuously monitoring multiple wifi channels
• Demodulation and descrambling of 802.11b beacon signals
• Identification of hotspots, tracking relative power levels
Carrier Detection
Frequency Offset
Estimation & Correction
Demodulation &
Descrambling
Interpret the frame for
SSID
Demodulate Descramble
Dr. Murat Torlak
802.11b SSID Decoding
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NI USRP Research Case Study:
Algorithm Research
Cleaning Up “Dirty RF”
Established a live, over-the-air communication OFDM link
• 1024 subcarriers
• 256-QAM modulation per subcarrier
• bit rate of about 1.4 Mbps on laptop
LabVIEW host-based VIs
• Imported m-file scripts
• Extensive use of Mathscript RT
• ~2 month timeframe • reducing project time by 2/3
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NI USRP Research Case Study:
NI USRP 8x8 MIMO Testbed
• Adaptable from 2x2 to 8x8
• Algorithm design in MathScript RT
• 128 subcarrier OFDM, 4 QAM, spatial diversity
• Independently clocked, phase coherent Tx & Rx
Dr. Robert Heath Director WNCG
University of Texas at Austin
MIMO Cable
USRP
Rx 1 USRP
Rx 2
MIMO Cable
USRP
Rx 3 USRP
Rx 4
MIMO Cable
USRP
Rx 5
USRP
Rx 6
MIMO Cable
USRP
Rx 7
USRP
Rx 8
PPS in
Ref in External
Clock
Network
Cable
Network
Cable
Network
Cable
Host
Computer
Transmit
Receive
MIMO Cable
USRP
TX 1 USRP
TX 2
MIMO Cable
USRP
TX 3 USRP
TX 4
MIMO Cable
USRP
TX 5
USRP
TX 6
MIMO Cable
USRP
TX 7
USRP
TX 8
Gigabit
Ethernet
Switch
External
Clock
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NI USRP Research Case Study:
Position Detection & Localization • Testing MUSIC direction finding
algorithm
• Rapid prototyping in LabVIEW with MathScript RT
• Synchronized up to12 USRP devices
• Reference provides continuous phase alignment compensation
Prof. Athanassios Manikas
Comm & Array Processing Chair
Imperial College, London
Calibration
Signal
USRP
RX 1
PPS
in
Ref in
External
Clock
Network
Cable
Network
Cable
Host
Computer
Gigabit
Ethernet
Switch
USRP
RX 2
USRP
RX 3
USRP
RX 4
USRP
TX
Direction Finding (uniform linear array)
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Research: Downloadable Reference Designs
8x8 MIMO-OFDM GPS Simulation
RF Record & Playback RF Direction Finding &
Localization
Tx
ni.com/usrp
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FM DEMOD - DEMO
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RF / COMMUNICATIONS EDUCATION & TRAINING
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Digital Communications Bundle
Key Benefits • Affordable • Accessible • NI Supported • TX & RX Real RF Signals • Scales to Research
Target Courses • Communication Systems • Digital & Wireless
Communications • Software Defined Radio (SDR)
Bundle Contents • Two NI USRP-2920 + Toolkits • MIMO Cable • Digital Comm Lab Manual
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Lab Ready| Packet Radio & OFDM
Communications Systems Labs
by Dr. Sachin Katti, Stanford
1 Source Coding
2 Packet Communication, Sync, and Channel Correction
3 Modulation
4 Demodulation
5 Design Challenge:
Packet based Transceiver
Digital Communications Labs
by Dr. Robert Heath, UT Austin
1 QPSK AWGN Simulator
2.1 Modulation /Demodulation
2.2 Pulse Shaping
3 Energy Detection
4 Equalization
5 Frame Detection
6 Intro to OFDM
7 Frequency Correction & Sync
8 OFDM Channel Coding
(FREE: ni.com/courseware) (Ships in Bundle)
ni.com
Awesome class! I really enjoyed the lectures, where
I learned a lot, and the labs were really cool because
we got to use the hardware.
… I am glad that I took this class!
“
Source: Stanford EE 49: Teaching Evaluations (Spring Quarter 2011)
NI USRP at Stanford University
“ Student Course Feedback:
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NI USRP at Stanford University
…with the NI USRP, we’re able to
provide exposure in introductory
courses for the first time.
“ “
Dr. Sachin Katti
[ Electrical & Computer Engineering]
Students rated the class 4.94/5.0,
likely making it one of the highest
ratings among all classes in the
School of Engineering at Stanford.
“ “
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RF / COMMUNICATIONS ADVANCED RESEARCH
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NI Leading the Way to 5G Wireless
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NI and TU Dresden Collaborate on 5G Wireless
• 5G Lab and Test Bed
• 5G PHY exploration and prototyping
• Using LabVIEW Graphical System Design
Dr. Gerhard Fettweis
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Targets Tools
SDR S/W Development Challenge
• SDR development requires multiple S/W tools
• Parallel processing increases system complexity
• S/W tools don’t address system design
Long learning curves Limited reuse Need for “specialists”
Increased costs Increased time-to-result
Math (.m file script)
Simulation (Hybrid)
Host Control (C, C++, .NET)
DSP (Fxd pt C, Assembly)
User Interface (HTML) H/W Driver (C, Assembly)
System Debug FPGAs Multicore
Processors FPGA (VHDL, Verilog)
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FPGAs
Multicore
Processors
Task Parallelism Data Parallelism Pipelining
Parallel Programming with LabVIEW
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NI RF 6 GHz
P2P
FPGA
RIO Host
Embedded, PC
VST NI FlexRIO
USRP for
LabVIEW
NI RF
Generator, RF
Analyzer
NI Platforms for RF/Communications
Graphical System Design Platform
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Summary
• LabVIEW offers a graphical approach, shortening the design process, and tight hardware/software integration that allows for seamless transition from design to test • NI provides a full spectrum of RF / Communications solutions: RF Test, Research and Education • LabVIEW and NI USRP is an accessible, easy-to-use software defined radio platform
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