bridges case studies

INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERINGINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING

016BRIDES

CASE STUDY

Science Art Religion Politics Scholarly Articles For Mathematics and Productivityhttp://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1sp9pjo?new_post=trueMICROSOFT OneDrive PPT’s PDF’s BOOK LESSONS Dr f Dejahang BSc CEng, BSc (Hons) Construction Mgmt, MSc, PhD

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BRIDES-CASE STUDY

LOCATION:Arachtos, Greece.Arachtos bridge pier design for c

onstruction phase modeled in SAP 2000.

ProblemCounter acting the forces just introduced for construction phase due to heavy machinery to be used.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

SolutionAttaching with a cable or some other

appropriate element with the girder end so as to take part of loads.

Resultcalculation of the percentage of loads

taken by the cable element.Acrachtos bridge pier design for const

ruction phase modeled in SAP 2000 after the introduction of cable attached to the box girder.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

Aesthetics in Bridge DesignAesthetics in Bridge Design

The conventional order of priorities in bridge

design is: safetyEconomyServiceabilityconstructability, and so on.

Aesthetics in Bridge DesignAesthetics in Bridge Design

•Somewhere down this list is aesthetics.

•There should be no doubt in an engineer’s mind that aesthetics needs a priority boost, and that it can be done without infringing upon the other factors.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

•The belief that improved appearance increases the cost of bridges is unfounded and oftentimes the most aesthetically pleasing bridge is also the least expensive.

•The additional cost is about 2% for short spans and only about 5% for long spans

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

It is not necessary that everyone agrees as to what makes a bridge beautiful, however it is important that designers are aware of the qualities of a bridge that influence the perception of beauty.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

FunctionFunction

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

ProportionProportion

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

Order and RhythmOrder and Rhythm

Contrast and TextureContrast and Texture

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

Designer must be aware of how the shadows occur on the structure throughout the day

If the bridge is running north and south the shadows will be quite different than if it is running east to west.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

For ExampleWhen sunlight is parallel to the face of a girder or wall, small imperfections in workmanship can cast deep shadows.

Construction joints in concrete may appear to be discontinuous and hidden welded stiffeners may no longer be hidden.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

• Harmony means getting along well with others. The parts of the structure must be in agreement with each other and the whole structure must be in agreement with its surroundings.

Harmony between the elements of a bridge:• It depends on the proportions between the

span lengths and depth of girders, height and size of piers, and negative spaces and solid masses.

BRIDES-CASE STUDY

Harmony between the whole structure and its surroundings

• The scale and size of a bridge structure should be relative to its environment.

• For Example, a long bridge crossing a wide valley can be large because the landscape is large. But when a bridge is placed in an urban setting, the size must be reduced.

bridges case studies

Engineering