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Brief overview of standards, labelling schemes, certifications Pia Odgaard Head of CSR Dansk Fashion and Textile Textile East Africa Project Nairobi, November 27 th 29 th , 2012 1

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Page 1: Brief overview of standards, labelling schemes final for industry/Brief overview of... · Brief overview of standards, labelling schemes, certifications PiaOdgaard Head of CSR Dansk

Brief overview of standards, labelling schemes, certifications

Pia OdgaardHead of CSR 

Dansk Fashion and Textile

Textile East Africa ProjectNairobi, November 27th ‐ 29th , 2012

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Standards, labels and certifications• UN Global Compact • Code of Conduct• Management systems• Standards e.g. ISO

– Environmental standards, EMAS– Social standards, SA8000

• Certifications e.g. ISO, SA8000, EMAS• B2B or B2C• Product labels e.g. EU Flower, Nordic Swan, GOTS

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Company Code of ConductCode of conduct: a set of rules (based on ethics) to comply with–building on international recognized conventions

• Company Code of conduct, who is it intended for?• Company• 1st tier supplier• Sub‐supplier’s to comply??? Who is responsible???• Follow up

– self evaluations– company audits– 3rd party audits

• Corrective action plans, CAP• Communication, COP

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Industry Code of Conduct• Company Code of Conduct• → Suppliers overloaded, ‘Code Mania’• → Industry Code of Conduct• DFT launched first industry code in 2008• New edition to be the first UNGC Industry Code

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Dansk Fashion and Textile Industry CoC

• DFT Code builds on UN Global Compact• Added three more principles:

– Animals– Charity– Monitoring and evaluation

• Given to the NICE project in 2009

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DFT Industry CoC→ NICE Industry CoC• Re‐launched by NICE 2009 and 2012• Consultation process until end 2012• To be the first UNGC Industry Code, • Will be recommeded for Textile Sector to followwhen joining UN Global Compact in the future

http://www.nicefashion.org/files/NICE_Code_of_Conduct_and_Manual.pdf

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Agenda

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Agenda

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Nice Code of Conduct• Builds on UN Global Compact• Includes 5 more principles:

– Animals– Designers– Models– Transparency– Jewellery

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Management systemsA management System is a framework of processes and procedures for managing and continually improving the organization’s policies, procedures and processes

• E.g. an environmental management system enables organizations to improve their environmental performance through a process of continuous improvement

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Management systems• A complete system includes accountability (an assignment of personal responsibility) 

• a schedule for activities to be completed• auditing tools to implement • corrective actions in addition to scheduled activities  

→crea ng an upward spiral of con nuous improvement

• A simplification is “Plan, Do, Check, Act"

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Management systems• Environmental Management System (EMS)

• Lean Integration, first time right, continuous improvement, create customer value and eliminating waste, a sustainable data integration and system integration practice 

• Occupational Health & Safety Management system (OHSMS) e.g. OHSAS 18001 ‐a British Standard for occupational health and safety management systems 

• Total Quality Management (TQM).  TQM is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes

• ISO Standards are examples of management system standards 

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Standard – norm or requirementA Standard is aDocument, that provides, for common and repeated use: • rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their 

results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

• established by consensus and approved by a recognized body

Note: • Standards are aimed at the promotion of optimum 

community benefits • should be based on the consolidated results of science, 

technology and experience

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ISO StandardsISO organizations own statement on ISO standards:• make the development, manufacturing and supply of 

products and services more efficient, safer and cleaner• facilitate trade between countries and make it fairer• provide governments with a technical base for health, safety 

and environmental legislation and conformity assessment• share technological advances and good management practice• disseminate innovation• safeguard consumers, and users in general, of products and 

services• make life simpler by providing solutions to common problems

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ISO Standards• ISO  is a management system with 3rd party control and documentation that provide organisations with a practical toolbox to assist in the implementation of actions supportive to development, 

• ISO is management standards • ISO is a framework to manage e.g. quality, environmental or other aspects and assess the company performancee.g. ISO   9001 Quality Management 

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ISO Standards, group exercise1. What is the number of the ISO standard for 

environmental management?2. Why would an European buyer ask for you to 

have this ISO certification?3. How can a Kenyan company benefit from 

implementation of an ISO standard for environmental management?

• give at least three different reasons4. What could be the obstacles for the Kenyan 

supplier in meeting this demand?

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B2B, Company /production standards, Common ISO standards• ISO 9001, Quality• ISO 14001, Environmental Management• Life Cycle assessment Standard, LCA, ISO 14040, 14044• OHSAS 18001, Occupational Health and Safety (not ISO)

Documentation• When a standard is approved by a recognized body a 

certificate is issued• This documents compliance to the rules and guidelines of 

the standard

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Certifiable Environmental Management Standards – ISO 14001

– Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, ISO 14040 og 14044– EMAS, Environmental Management and Audit Scheme– GaBi, software

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Environmental Standards

• ISO 14000– The standard 14001 is a set of guidelines for environmental management 

– 14001 is the criteria's for certification according to the standard

– A company can be certified, when • a management system has been set up according to the standard and the guidelines no matter the performance level

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Video ISO 14001

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Fak8QI6Ww

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Fak8QI6Ww&feature=plcp

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ISO 14000, EMSISO 14001:2004 specifies requirements for an environmental 

management system to 

• enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives which take into account 

• legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes 

• and information about significant environmental aspects• It applies to those environmental aspects that the organization 

identifies as those which it can control and those which it can influence. 

• It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria. A company can be certified, when a management system has been set up according to the standard and the guidelines no matter the performance level

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ISO 14000, EMS• ISO 14001:2004 is applicable to any organization that wishes to establish, 

implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system, to assure itself of conformity with its stated environmental policy, and to demonstrate conformity with ISO 14001:2004 by

• a) making a self‐determination and self‐declaration, or

• b) seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or

• c) seeking confirmation of its self‐declaration by a party external to the organization, or

• d) seeking certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization

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EMASWhat is EMAS?• The EU Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme, EMAS (1995) is a 

management tool for companies and other organisations• 4,500 organisations and approximately 7,800 sites are EMAS 

registeredEMAS is a voluntary tool available for any kind of organisationaiming to:– Improve its environmental and financial performance;– Communicate its environmental achievements to stakeholders and society in general

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EMAS• EMAS is an official system for recognized environmental

management: Eco Management and Audit Scheme. • Companies and organizations wanting to register 

according to the EMAS regulations– have to implement an environmental management system and– publish a yearly public report on the progress

• The EMAS management system is very similar to ISO 14001 but more comprehensive

• Therefore the claims for an ISO 14001 certification is fullfilled when the company register to EMAS

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EMAS• Performance, Carrying out annual updates of environmental policy targets and actions to implement and evaluate these targets

• Credibility, Third party verification by independent auditors guarantees the value of both actions taken and disclosed information

• Transparency, Environmental statements provide public information about the environmental performance of the organisation

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ISO standard for Social ResponsibilityISO 26000– Guidelines for companies and organizations on how to work 

with Social Responsibility, SR– what to focus on, – how to approach and work with all the topics– much more than CSR– launched in Copenhagen in Denmark autumn 2010DS 49001– Danish Standard to be certified againstDS 49004– Guideline to DS26001

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ISO 26000

ISO 26000 provides guidance for all types of organisations on :

• Concepts, terms and definitions related to social responsibility

• Background, trends and characteristics of social responsibility

• Principles and practices relating to social responsibility

• Core subjects and issues of social responsibility

• Integrating, implementing and promoting socially responsiblebehaviour throughout the organization, and through its policies and practices, within its sphere of influence

• Identifying and engaging with stakeholders

• Communicating commitments, performance and other information related to social responsibility

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ISO films

• http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso26000.htm

• http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/events/iso26000_workshop2012‐live.htm

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRajp8s9beI&feature=plcp

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Certificate

• To certify: make sure, testify, verify, confirm

• Certificate: document, proof, statement

• Certificates can be visible but that is not always the case

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Certifications

Certification is the process of certifying that

• a certain product or service has passed performance tests and

• quality assurance tests and • meets qualification criteria stipulated in regulations or specifications (Certification Schemes)

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CertificationThe certification process for of a product/service

• Application, including testing of the product/service• Evaluation, does the test data indicate that the product/s 

meets qualification criteria• Decision, does a second review of the product/service 

application concur with the evaluation• Surveillance, does the product/service in the 

marketplace continue to meet qualification criteria

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B2B or B2C ?B2B, Business 2 Business, management systems and standards, certificates• Company to retail• Supplier to company  (e.g. Clothing)• Company to company  (e.g. Fabrics to apparel manufacturing)• Sub‐suppliers to supplier, their sub‐suppliers etc. etc.

B2C, Business 2 Consumer, product labels, certificates• Company to Retail• Company sales point to end consumer

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Certificate, group exercise

• What does a certificate tell• Is a certificate for B2B or B2C or both• How many different certifications do you know

• Where is the certificate exposed• Who benefits from certifications

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B2C Product labels• Oeko‐Tex 100, Health label, (Standard)• Organic fibres, Farming regulations, (Standard)• GOTS, Global Organic Textile Standard• EU Flower, EU Ecolabel• The Swan, Scandinavian Ecolabel• Bluesign, Swiss Ecolabel• Cradle 2 Cradle, LCA based recycling label• GRS, Global Recycling Standard

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SA 8000• SA8000 is a global social accountability standard for decent working conditions, developed and overseen by Social Accountability International (SAI) 1997. 

• It contracts with a global accreditation agency, Social Accountability Accreditation Services (SAAS) that licenses and oversees auditing organizations to award certification to employers that comply with SA8000

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Social Accountaility 8000SA 8000 –the most recognised international standard for social responsibility‐Child work‐Forced work‐Health and security‐Freedom of association /collective bargain.‐Discrimination‐Disciplinary methods‐Working hours‐Payment

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BSCI

• Business Social Compliance Initiative, BSCI is a’light’ edition of SA 8000

• BSCI Code of Conduct is based on International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions, OECD‐guidelines for multinational companies,  FN declarations and on UN Global Compact

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BSCI

Business Social Comliance Initiative, BSCI• BSCI is an initiative started by the Foreign Trade Association (FTA)

• BSCI can be described as an Industry Code with companies and associations as members  

• On local level BSCI participates in Round Tables, where besides companies and associations also NGOs, unions and governments participate

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WRAP

• WRAP is a standard for working conditions (in the textile industry)

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WRAPWRAP Principles ‐ Certification Program Principles• WRAP is an independent, non‐profit organisationdedicated to the certification of lawful, humane and ethical manufacturing throughout the world

• Provides a framework for a 5‐Step certification system for responsible textile production:

• 1. Application• 2. Self‐Assessment• 3. Monitoring• 4. Evaluation • 5.Certification

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WRAPWRAP Principles ‐ Certification Program Principles• The objective of the Apparel Certification Program is to 

independently monitor and certify compliance with 12 principles centered on work, anti‐corruption, forgery and environmental standards

• WRAP monitors the factory for compliance with detailed practices and procedures implied by adherence to these standards

• Auditing and certification is conducted by an independent monitor.

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WRAP Universal Code of Ethical Conduct1. Compliance with Laws and Workplace Regulations2. Prohibition of Forced Labour3. Prohibition of Child Labour4. Prohibition of Harassment or Abuse 5. Compensation and Benefits 6. Working hours7. Prohibition of Discrimination8. Health and Safety9. Freedom of Association & Collective Bargaining10. Environment11. Customs Compliance 12. Security

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Fair Labor Association, FLA

• FLA represents a multi‐stakeholder coalition of companies, universities and NGOs. 

• The FLA strives for wages on industry level or at level of local law. 

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Fair Labor Association, FLAWhen companies join the FLA, they commit to fulfilling the following ten company obligations:

• Adopt and communicate a code that meets or exceeds the FLA Code.

• Train internal compliance staff.• Provide employees with confidential reporting channels.• Conduct internal monitoring.• Submit to Independent External Monitoring.• Collect and manage compliance information.• Remediate in a timely manner.• Take all steps necessary to prevent persistent forms of 

noncompliance.• Consult with civil society.• Pay dues and meet other procedural requirements.

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Fair Wear Foundation, FWF• The FWF method of monitoring is based on a management system located at the brand. 

• Each member brand annually reports to FWF on the progress in the supply chain. 

• The FWF method consists of a complaint procedure for workers enabling to complain at brand and initiative level. 

• The brands are required to audit all their suppliers within three years. 

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Fair Wear Foundation, FWF 

The underlying principles of the work of FWF are: • Multi‐stakeholder verification• Supply chain responsibility• International labour standards • Process approach to implementation • Involvement of stakeholders in production country

• Transparency

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Ethical Trading Initiative, ETI

• ETI is a multi‐stakeholder initiative with members representing brands, unions and NGOs.

• ETI is active in the garment and footwear industry but also in the food industry. 

• ETI Base Code.

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JO‐INJoint Initiative on Corporate Accountability and WorkersRights•Ethical Trading Initiative•Fair Labor Association•Fair Wear Foundation•Social Accountability International•Clean Clothes Campain•Workers Rights Consortiumhttp://www.jo‐in.org/documents.htm

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Product labels

• EU ecolabel, Flower• Nordic label, Swan• Organic textiles• Organic textiles+ environmental management• Oeko‐Tex 100• Bluesign• Made by

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Eco labels in the EUThe Swan• Nordic label (Scandinavia) for many

groups of products• Special criterias for textiles and leather

The EU Flower• Common label for many groups of 

products and services• Special criterias for textiles

• Both are revised every 3.‐5. år

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EU Flower, EU Ecolabel

• The EU Eco Flower is a product label and a voluntary certification system developed by the European Commission to promote products which have the potential to reduce negative environmental impacts and contribute to the efficient use of resources and a high level of environmental protection

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The Swan, Scandinavian Ecolabel

• The Nordic Ecolabel is a voluntary scheme for businesses. The label evaluates a product's impact on the environment throughout the whole lifecycle.

• The label guarantees that climate requirements are taken into account, and that CO2 emissions (and other harmful gasses) are limited ‐ where it is most relevant.

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Oeko‐Tex 100, health label

• Private label, strict demands for residue substancesin the final product

• Managed by the Danish Technological Institute or other Institutes

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Organic Textiles

• What does organic mean?• What textiles can be organic?• What is an organic textile?• Verification, how?

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Global Organic Textile Standard

GOTS is the worldwide leading textile processing standard for organic fibres, including ecological and social criteria, backed up by independent certification of the entire textile supply chain. 

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Bluesign

• Independent textile industry standard• Links the entire production chain to cumulatively reduce environmental footprintand promote responsible and healthy textileindustry

• Tackles the problem at its roots

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Bluesign

• Ressource productivity• Consumer safety• Air emission• Water emission• Occupational Health and Safety

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Bluesign• Environment

– Conserving ressources– Saving energy– Preventing air & water pollution

• Manufacturer– Safety at work– Risk prevention– Innovation security

• Consumer– Not sensitizing– Low on harmful substance– Skin‐friendly

• Brand– Trust in brand– Positioning– Brand protection

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Bluesign• Under the bluesign® standard, raw materials, chemical components and 

processes are divided into two categories: grey and blue. • Raw materials or chemical components that contain substances that are 

generally banned are excluded from the production process.• Raw materials or chemical components that for all common applications 

lead to a textile product that meets the bluesign® standard in all aspects, are classified as blue.

• All other raw materials are labelled grey. This "grey" rating doesn't mean it is unlikely that the final textile product will meet the bluesign® standard. The grey classification merely means there are restrictions on how a substance can be used in processing. Subjected to certain conditions, the chemical component is by all means tolerated if it can't be substituted without significantly impairing functionality, quality or design. However, consumer protection must always be assured.

• This principle of "Best Available Technology" (BAT) is an important criterion for the bluesign® standard

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BATThe “most effective and advanced stage in the development of an activity and its methods of operation, which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing, in principle, the basis for emission limit values designed to prevent or eliminate or, where that is not practicable, generally to reduce an emission and its impact on the environment as a whole”

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BATB ‘best’ in relation to techniques, means the most effective in 

achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole 

A ‘available techniques’means those techniques developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant class of activity under economically the technically viable conditions, taking into consideration the costs and advantages, whether or not the techniques are used or produced within the State, as long as they are reasonably accessible to the person carrying out the activity 

T ‘techniques’ includes both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built , managed, maintained, operated and decommissioned.

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MadeBy• Dutch organization• Environment and Social reponsibility• Track and Trace• Brands, production, consumers

• “MADE‐BY is a consumer label for fashion companies who continuously improve and are transparent about the social, economic and ecological conditions throughout the whole supply chain of their collections”

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