Bringing Better Networking To LTE IoT

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Challenges In Bridging The LTE IoT Gap Today, Neither LTE IoT standard supports real-time, low power networking

1. Both LTE Cat M1 and NB-IoT are physical layer only 1. Not a complete networking stack

2. TCP/IP is default networking stack 1. Slow, onerous handshaking and authentication 2. NOT low power 3. Weak P2P and ad hoc networking support 4. Can’t support important IoT use cases

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The “Haystack Option” Place parallel, low power real-time networking stack with TCP/IP

• Two stacks that run concurrently on same silicon • TCP/IP connectivity for conventional WAN comms • DASH7 connectivity for indoor/LAN applications including indoor

location, P2P/ad hoc networking • Additional security + other features

• Benefits • Minimal memory footprint impact. Haystack (DASH7) compiles into

<30KB • No carrier gateway/base station mods required, DASH7 connectivity is

LAN-based • Provides viable enterprise market entry strategy for cellular IoT

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Result: Complete LPWAN-LAN Connectivity Sample Use Case: Extend Supply Chain Visibility Gaps That WAN’s Can’t Address

WAN provides basic wide area visibility via GPS,

cellular trilateration

Haystack LAN provides indoor location where GPS and cellular

trilateration fail

LPWAN Provides Wide Area Location, Environmental Visibility

Haystack LAN adds to WAN: ‣ Precision, real-time location features ‣ “Hotspot” data transfers ‣ 2-factor authentication ‣ Possible to enable distributed

chain-of-custody features ‣ No extra chips

Haystack Powered LPWAN-LAN Provides Precise Indoor Location, Environmental Visibility

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IoT LTELoRa SSMSK

• SDR-based 4G basebands that can support a range of standards from GSM to OFDM-types are capable of being modified in firmware to support emerging IoT modulations.

• Nearly all emerging IoT modulations (SSMSK) have lineage from GSM and CDMA specifications, and represent simple enhancements.

source: http://www.slideshare.net/obamalab/4g-iphone-platform-by-open-wireless-architecture-presentation

Goal: add emerging IoT modulations to 4G baseband, as a firmware- only solution.

Enabling Haystack via LTEGMSK Modulation (and others) can be synthesized by 4G/LTE baseband transceiver

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Haystack Endpoints with LTE CAT M1 LTE CAT M1 and TCP/IP can operate concurrently with DASH7

LTE CAT M1 transceiver

Compact, low cost,

low-power LTE-CAT M1/LAN nodes

LTE CAT M1 spec presently lacks layers 2-6, but it stipulates requirements for channel agility and bursty communication.

The DASH7 stack can run concurrently with TCP/IP, on the same hardware.

OSI Layer

7 Application NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom

6 PresentationDASH7low power low latency ad-hoc star

TCP/IP high power high latency cellular WAN

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding

1 Physical MSK Downlink, OFDM uplink

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Haystack Endpoints with NB-IoT LTE NB-IoT and TCP/IP can operate concurrently with DASH7

NB-IoT/LTE Cat NB1 transceiver

Compact, low cost,

low-power LTE-Cat-NB1/

LAN nodes

LTE NB-IoT spec presently lacks layers 2-6, but it stipulates requirements for channel agility and bursty communication.

The DASH7 stack can run concurrently with TCP/IP, on the same hardware.

OSI Layer

7 Application NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom

6 PresentationDASH7low power low latency ad-hoc star

TCP/IP high power high latency cellular WAN

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding

1 Physical MSK Downlink, OFDM uplink

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Haystack Endpoints with LoRa LoRa and LoRaWAN can operate concurrently with DASH7

Semtech LoRa Transceiver

Compact, low cost,

low-power WAN/LAN

nodes

OSI Layer

7 Application AllJoyn + OIC + NDEF + UDP

6 PresentationDASH7low power low latency ad-hoc star

LoRaWAN low power

high latency cellular WAN

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding

1 Physical LoRa CSS

The DASH7 stack can run concurrently with LoRaWAN, on the same hardware, allowing compliant LoRaWAN interoperation alongside higher-throughput, low latency Haystack DASH7 LAN usage.

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Real-Time Indoor Location With HaystackLow-cost reference tags add hi-res indoor location to LTE Cat M1, NB-IoT, & LoRa

Battery-powered Reference Nodes

Location Engine

Relative location finding against fixed nodes,

accuracy to ~1mForwarded, derived

relative locationTracker Tag

Installation Example

Networking Example

Key Haystack IP 8,774,096 8,867,370 8,885,586 8,976,691 9,042,353 9,154,392 9,191,340

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Requirement 6lowPAN LTE NB-IoT (TCP/IP)

LTE Cat M1 (TCP/IP) LoRaWAN

Provide Robust Networking Features ✓ Some ✓ Some ✓

Real-Time Data Collection ❌ ✓ ✓ ❌ ✓Indoor Location to 1 meter

precision ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✓Peer-to-Peer, Ad Hoc, Mesh

Networking ✓ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✓Provide Maximum Practical

Security & Privacy Some ✓ ✓ ❌ ✓

How LPWAN Stacks Match Up

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Indoor Location with Haystack

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AP1. Access point keeps

network synchronized, and gets vertex data from users in the

Endpoint 2. Endpoints are mobile, battery-powered devices

3. Small battery or USB-powered

“reference nodes” are placed on fixed

things & places

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AP

Today, neither LTE Cat M1 or NB-IoT offers a high-precision, real time, indoor location capability on its own.

But Haystack does this.

Endpoint

Using RSSI & RF “fingerprinting” with scattered reference nodes: ±1m precision has been observed

More Resources: • www.haystacktechnologies.com • LoRaWAN vs. Haystack http://bit.ly/2hjJE5T •The Indoor-Outdoor IoT http://bit.ly/2b65gRQ •The IoT Hunger Games http://bit.ly/1IkYRtO •Disrupting the IoT http://bit.ly/2cHRXFH •Haystack’s open source firmware stack: http://bit.ly/1p5OjJg