bringing&armservers&to&the&cloud:& … · • using...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bringing ARM Servers to the Cloud: Experiences and Opportuni<es
Ripal Nathuji Calxeda
CloudOpen 2012
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Background Combining themes • Power management • Mul<core systems • Virtualiza<on • Scale-‐out server and network infrastructure
Ø Cloud compu<ng
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Outline • Mo<va<on: GreenClouds • Cloud stacks on ARM • OpenStack case study • Baremetal clouds • Future and opportuni<es • Conclusions / Q&A
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POWER EFFICIENT SCALABLE CLOUDS GreenClouds
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The impact of scale
Source: EPA report to Congress 2007
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The cost of power • Encumbered cost != electricity cost
• Trends – HW costs going down – Energy costs going up
Servers 56%
Power & Cooling
Infrastructure 24%
Power 15%
Other Infrastructure
5%
Illustra<ve model (h^p://perspec<ves.mvdirona.com/2008/11/28/ CostOfPowerInLargeScaleDataCenters.aspx)
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Op<mizing for power
• Goals – Maximize infrastructure deployment within power/cooling constraints – Op<mize infrastructure costs under SLAs (Perf / Wa^ / $)
• Requirements – Fungible HW resources – Efficient mapping of workloads to HW => Heterogeneous HW for heterogeneous mix of applica<ons
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud sohware stack
Physical hardware
Applica<on Applica<on Applica<on
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Physical hardware
Innova<ons in cloud hardware
PCM
Fusion-‐io
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BUILDING CLOUD STACKS ON ARM Cloudy with a chance of ARM
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Open source IaaS clouds
Server OS
Linux KVM Virtualiza<on
sohware
Cloud sohware
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Applica<on Applica<on
The typical case for virtualiza<on Workload consolidaBon
-‐ Map mul<ple workloads to a scaled-‐up server -‐ Issues: Guaranteed performance, resource isola<on, etc
Manageability
Applica<on
• SW interfaces/abstrac<ons – Resource scaling – Network management (e.g.
vswitch) – …
Guest kernel/OS
Host OS / Hypervisor
12 Core / 64GB Memory Server
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Applica<on Applica<on
Revisi<ng assump<ons Workload consolidaBon
-‐ Physicaliza<on: 1:1 mapping from app to plalorm -‐ Guaranteed performance, resource isola<on, etc
Manageability
Applica<on
12 Core / 64GB Memory Server
• OOB management support in HW for basic control
• Use of standard infrastructure interfaces – IPMI – OpenFlow enabled switches 4 Core / 4GB Memory Server
Guest kernel/OS
Host OS / Hypervisor Kernel/OS
Applica<on
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Instances on baremetal
• Cloud controller manages physical machines and network infrastructure – Provisions OS, network, etc
• User provides kernel and OS file system – Dedicated access to I/O devices, etc
Cloud Controller +
Applica<on
User Kernel/OS
Server HW
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Linux containers (LXC)
• Light weight virtual systems – Process and resource isola<on provided by kernel – “chroot on steroids”
• LXC support available today in OpenStack
App
Host Kernel
Server HW
LXC Containers
App App
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Instances with Linux containers
• Cloud controller manages containers through SW interface (e.g. libvirt) – Create instance, bridge interface, etc
• User provides OS file system, but cannot specify kernel • Consolida<on possible via mul<ple containers
Cloud Controller +
App
Host Kernel
Server HW
LXC Container
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Clouds with ARM • Using baremetal or LXC – Tradeoffs specific to deployment requirements and use cases
• Real examples – LXC with OpenStack – Baremetal with OpenStack and CloudStack
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OPENSTACK WITH LXC: TRYSTACK ARM ZONE
Try a test drive
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TryStack
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TryStack ARM Zone
Joint effort across industry partners to provide the first publicly available access to ARM servers using OpenStack
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OpenStack overview
Basic Essex deployment • Iden<ty service: Keystone • Image service: Glance • Cloud controller service: Nova
Keystone (Iden<ty)
Glance (Image)
Nova (Controller)
Scheduler
API
Network
…
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Realizing OpenStack in CoreNap
• Dedicated service hosts for deployment/OpenStack services • ARM hosts dedicated as compute nodes
Keystone Glance
Nova
+
Nova compute
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Network configura<on
• OpenStack networking is extremely flexible – Many different configura<ons possible
• TryStack zone requirements – Each compute instance needs a public IP – Maintain private network for compute hosts
• Chosen configura<on – Configure public IP directly into instance (instead of floa<ng IPs) – Point instances to hardware gateway
Container
Host OS
Container Container
10.x.x/24 Linux bridge
208.123.85.x 208.123.85.y 208.123.85.z
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Automated deployment of OpenStack
• Need to get from baremetal to a cloud • We built a deployment framework of PXE+Chef
– Ubuntu network installer+preseed – Opscode Chef cookbooks for Keystone, Glance, and Nova (controller/compute) (Working with OpsCode to incorporate as part of public open source cookbooks)
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Installing ARM compute node
1. Setup PXE files (kernel, initrd, preseed, and post-‐install script) 2. Power on nodes via IPMI 3. Nodes install Ubuntu, and setup Chef as part of post-‐install 4. Boot into installed OS, and execute Nova compute cookbook via Chef 5. Nova-‐compute service starts and the node is part of the cloud
Nova compute
+
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Basic monitoring Detec<ng outages w/Nagios • Simple to setup basic node and
service monitoring • Combine both internal and
external monitoring Measuring resource consump<on with Munin • Package install and basic
configura<on can provide lots of data
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Opera<onal lessons • Importance of automa<on
framework – Chef, Puppet, Juju, etc – Scalable deployment – Adding/changing capabili<es or
configura<on op<ons – Provisioning of addi<onal nodes when
capacity increases • Service logging
– OpenStack components are good about logging
– Makes it possible to debug issues, though combing across distributed log files can be cumbersome
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TryStack ARM zone summary • Real world example of running a cloud on ARM hardware
• Use of Linux containers with OpenStack proving the technology stack
• Live since mid-‐July @ h^p://arm.trystack.org – More details on geyng access at h^p://trystack.org
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BAREMETAL PROVISIONING Pedal to the metal
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Baremetal use cases
• Physicaliza<on – When your applica<on requires resources of an en<re node
• Performance – Na<ve I/O – Guaranteed resource alloca<ons
App
App
App
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Baremetal deployment
• No host OS/hypervisor to manage through • Need plalorm and infrastructure support
Applica<on
Physical server
Host OS/HV
User kernel/OS
Applica<on
Physical server
User kernel/OS
vs.
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Plalorm requirements
• Turn “container” on/off – Turn physical serve on/off via IPMI
• Image pull by host – PXE boot support on physical server
• Provision specified kernel/OS – Configure PXE server with user ar<facts
Physical server Provisioning PXE server
User kernel/OS
IPMI
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Baremetal instances in OpenStack
• Baremetal support introduced in Essex – Ini<ally targeted for Tilera based systems used by ISI
• Con<nued development for Folsom release includes support for PXE+IPMI – Lead by ISI and NTT Docomo
OpenStack Essex
OpenStack Folsom
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OpenStack Folsom baremetal support
1. On instance crea<on, configure PXE server on nova-‐compute with node specific configura<on 2. Power system via IPMI, and load infrastructure kernel/initrd via PXE 3. Node exports drive as iSCSI target, and invokes a remote u<lity service 4. U<lity service formats and images drive via iSCSI endpoint, including copying user kernel/initrd.
At the end it modifies PXE config to cause node to boot from disk 5. Node reboots (node s<ll PXE boots, but is pointed to local image)
Physical server Nova-‐compute server
1 2 3 4 5
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CloudStack Anton baremetal WIP
• CloudStack provides baremetal framework via network service providers • Ac<vely being integrated into Acton by Citrix
– Baremetal zones with DHCP and PXE service providers • PXE service providers
– PING for x86 – Ac<ve development of alterna<ve PXE service provider for ARM
PXE service provider DHCP service provider
DHCPD DNSMASQ PING ARM
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CloudStack baremetal support
1. On instance crea<on, configure DHCP provider with IP and PXE service provider with node specific configura<on
2. Power system via IPMI, and load infrastructure kernel/initrd via PXE 3. Image node using template informa<on provided via kernel boot parameter 4. Node reboots and subsequently boots from disk
Physical server CloudStack controller
1 2 3 4
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Baremetal challenges • Users have ownership of physical HW – Feature capabili<es
• Different security/isola<on model – Tenant network isola<on App
App
Switch
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Baremetal feature parity • Loss of host OS/HV introduces possible feature gaps – Snapshoyng – Live migra<on – ….
Applica<on
Physical server
Host OS/HV
User kernel/OS
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Baremetal network management
• Device configura<on – Isolate tenants using VLANs and ACLs on network devices – Comes with usual VLAN and ACL issues (scalability, manageability, etc)
• OpenFlow – Use OpenFlow enabled switches for programming the network – NTT baremetal implementa<on support
App App Switch
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Baremetal summary • Use cases include physicaliza<on and/or when na<ve performance is impera<ve
• Both OpenStack and CloudStack will have support – Other solu<ons like Ubuntu MaaS also coming soon
• Challenges include feature differences and managing network isola<on
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BUILDING TOWARDS THE FUTURE Realizing the vision
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Future opportuni<es • Rapidly evolving ARM roadmap
• Building beyond IaaS
• Dynamic management algorithms
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ARM roadmap • Increasing performance and core counts – Future genera<ons will build on success of A9s
• Virtualiza<on support – Coming with A15s
• ARMv8 architecture – 64-‐bit ISA
Linux KVM
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Building from IaaS to PaaS
• Open source PaaS sohware evolving rapidly • PaaS deployments will soon become more prominent
– IaaS providers adding flavors of PaaS • PaaS abstrac<ons can completely hide underlying physical hardware
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Building GreenClouds
• Infrastructure and applica<ons targeted for scale-‐out • Power efficient clouds will require more than just bringing HW, stacks, and applica<ons together
– Dynamic management of applica<ons and infrastructure – Applica<on instrumenta<on hooks (ex. integrated as part of PaaS)
Applica<on Applica<on Applica<on
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Conclusions • ARM servers are here and ready for the cloud
• Open source cloud sohware ecosystem is rapidly growing and maturing – Virtualiza<on, IaaS, and PaaS sohware
• Lots of work leh to do to achieve the possibili<es enabled by innova<ons in sohware and hardware
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Open source SW used
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Acknowledgements
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Ques<ons
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